26, a. Let the point be Plat", 2ar).
Then according to question, SP=ar+a=k (I)
Let (, 8) be the moving point, then a = at”, B= 2ar
9-4
ease (C+ point (a, B) lies on y* = 4ax)
‘On substituting these values in Eq. (1), we get
Ply, 4a”
fete )*
=P + 4a? = ther
= 4x? + y? — 4k =0 is the required locus.
27. .y—V3 x+3=0 can be rewritten as,
yr0 1-5
aa ®
‘On solving Eq. (1) with the parabola y* =x + 2, we get
ore e42
= 37? -2r- (43 + 8)=0
SAP *AQ=| 1,7,
403 +2)
ee)
(product of roots)
28. a, Let P (~ 2 +r cos 8, r sin @) and Q lie on the
parabola.
A= 2, 07
Fig. 3.6
=> 7 sin? @-4(-2+ ros @)=0
4c0s0 8
Sr ao 8 ako
dient
Nowap* ag" Hh
Given that Jp +39 <4 Soe
V3
[+7 cos @ is decreasing and tan 6 is increasing in
(0,72))
=m>V5
29. a. The general equation of a parabola having its axis
parallel to y-axis is
yrarthete @
This is touched by the line y = xatx=1.
‘Therefore, slope of the tangent at (1, 1) is | and x= ax*
+ bx + must have equal roots
dy
=(2)
= 2a+ b= 1 and (b~ 1)? = 4ac
Also, (1,1) lies on Eq. (1)
Satbte=l
From 2a+b=1anda+b+e=1,
= Land (b~ 1)? = 4ac
sarc
Then froma+b+e~1,and 2c+ b= 1, we get
20) + f'O)= 1. [+ AQ) = cand f'(0) = 6]
30.b.
Fig. 3.7
Let A= (af,, 2at,), B= (af, ~ 2at,).
We have
mania)
2at,
rma
= h+2N51,-1=0
Sra342
Clearly, ¢,=— 3-2 is rejected,
‘Thus #, = 2-3)
Hence, AB = 4a, = 4a (2-3)
ae. P=(P 1) 5 +275 i
Fe a-j-i
Projection of Von,
7% U-P)sar
(appear
AT.
cA
xX
tye
Fig. 3.8
Given $= 4, Butx=7°,s0
G-27F
When P(4, 4), T= 2
dy _(-27+2) ar
now F(R?) F
Therefore, at T= 2,
en 4420-2
of--
32. a. Let focus be (a,b).
Equations are
SG -aP+Q- bP =?
and S,:(x—a)' + (yb? =y*
‘Common chord 5, ~ 5, = 0 gives x?—y?=0
=ynex
33. d. Putx? =} in circle, x + (y- 1)? = 1, we get
(Note that for a <0 they cannot intersect other than
origin) 3 + y? - 2y = 0. Hence, we get y = 0 or
itt
Substituting y= 2-4 iny=ax’, we get
WZ
Fig. 3.9 ara'zl>o
sank
34. d. Chord through (2, 1) is #=2 =2=1 a
os
4
(2.1)
‘Solving Eq. (1) with parabola y* =.x, we have
(1+ rsin 6) =2+r cos
= sin’@r? +2 sin 8 cos Oy—1=0
This equation has two roots r, = AC and r, = ~ BC.
‘Then, sum of roots r, +r=0
> 2sind cos =0=> tand=4.
AB=\r, —r3
‘sin?
35. ¢. Solving circle x° + y* = 5 and parabola y? = 4x, we
have
x +4r-5=0
srel
or x=~5 (not possible)
= yadory=22
= Points of imersection are P(1, 2); OCI, ~2)
Hence, PO= 4.
36. ¢. Difference of the ordinate
d-laare |= 2ah4|
plat 2a)
x
0.0)
(3)
Fig. 3.11
A,B, is a focal chord, then A,at,, 2at,) and B,
=a)
(=)
Now equation of chord 4, is
Me, +4) 22a, =0 o
Chord 8,8, is
obit amchyed*
or y(t, +4) +244, +2a=0 2
For their intersection, we subtract them and get
2x(tt,+ 1) + 2ales, +1) =0
or(x+ay(1+4)=0
=xtan0
Hence, they intersect on the directrix.
38. b. Joint equation of O4 and OB is
3° — Ax(y ~ 3x) ~ 4y(y~ 38) +2007 ~ 327 = 0
‘Making equation of parabola homogeneous using
‘straight line.
=> (1 + 12 + 180) ~ y°(4 ~ 20)- (4 ~ 12 + 120)
=0
= 193k? + 16)? - 112xy=0
—ab
wath
256193 «16
193+ 16
-83
209
). a. Let the midpoint of PQ be (cB)
sa=x+$ andpmy+$
>(0-§-(e-$) =(p-$-40(-$},
which is the required locus.
40. ¢, Latus rectum of y* = 2hx is 2b. Semi-latus rectum is
' We know that semi-latus rectum is H.M. of segments
of focal chord. Therefore,
att}
a= 2
Now for ax? + bx +¢=0,
D='—4ac
~(P8) ae
o+C-ac
Ae ere )
<0
Hence, roots are imaginary.
41. e.tan
Projection of BC on the x-axis
Mea +1-4<0
3 <3, <5
> 1-4a<0
Sart
Bey?
-}igx=0
Let coordinates of P be (3+ 3,31}
Therefore, coordinate of Mare (0, 34)
=> MS=NO+9r* and
wp-3+3e
29+98=(343 2)
=2a+eF
anise
>. Length of side = 6
44. d. Equation of tangent to given parabola having slope m
is
y=m(x+a)
ory mrt on
‘Comparing Eq. (1) with y = mx +c, we have
a
cmam+f
45. d. The coordinates of the focus of the parabola y* = 4ax
are (a, 0). The line y~ x a= 0 passes through this
point. Therefore, it is a focal chord of the parabola.
Hence, the tangent intersect at right angle.
46.6.
v4 P{a,22)
Fig. 3.13
‘One end of the latus rectum is P(a, 2a).
‘The equation of the tangent PT at P(a, 2a) is
2ya= afr +a), i
‘The equation of normal PN at (a, 2a) is
ytx=lataiey+x=3a
Solving y = 0 and y =x +a, we get
x=-a,y=0.
Solving y = 0, y +x = 3a, we get
x=3ay=0.
The area of the triangle with vertices P(a, 2a), T(-a, 0),
NGa, 0) is 4a”.
47. a. Let A= (a, 2at), B= (at”, -2at).
2 2
a2 om
Mou
rms ()(8)=—1 eras
‘Thus, tangents will intersect at (~ 4a, 0)
48.b. Clearly P is the point of intersection of two
perpendicular tangents to the parabola y* = &x.
Hence, P must lie on the directrix x +a=0 or
x+2=0
-2.
Hence, the point is (-2, 0).
9.6.
Y Plat.2a0)
aka G.Q2a+ at, 0)
v
¥
Fig. 3.14
‘Tangent and normal at P(at", 2at) to the parabola y* = 4ax
is
gextar a
andy =~ t+ 2at + at* Q
Equations (1) and (2) meet the x-axis where y= 0.
From Eq. (1), we get x =—at*. So T is (-a’, 0).
From Eq, (2), we get r= 2at+at’.So Gis
Since ZTPG = 90°, centre of the circle through PTG is
(a, 0).
If is the angle between tangents at P to the parabola
and circle through P, T, G, then (90° ~ 8) is the angle
between PT and OP.
Slope of PT=
Slope of OP =
anim, (Z) aon 6-S>1
= mm, ~~1 = angle between tangents = 5
sha
y yox-a=0
(a, 22)
z
Fig. 3.15
eink meget, 2a) is
2ya = 2a (x +0), ie,,y—¥—
Equation of circle touching eee at (a, 2a)is
(e—a) + (y— 2aP +Ay—x- a) =0.
It passes through (0, 0). So,
@+4q +A(-a)=0>4=Sa
‘Thus the required circle is x? +»*—7ar —ay = 0.
Its radius is (822+
a,
ee
52. ¢. The required point is obtained by solving x + y= 1
and y?—y+x=0.
53. ¢. Any tangent to 7 =
yam (eta) ae @
‘Any tangent to y= 46(x + b) which is perpendicular to
Eq. (1)is
y= xt +b) bm 2
‘Subtracting, we get
(ms gule+ (a> frm +9) =0
or x+a+b=0, which is a locus of their point of
intersection.
atx + a) is denynmaeeow ne20 Hence, corresponding point on the parabola is (4,4).
3 ‘Thus required minimum distance
‘The equation ofthe tangent at (1,2) isx—y+1=0 :
The image (hk) ofthe point (#8, 21)inx-y+1=0is — ~N#+8-1=4N5—1.
given by 57.¢. SP, = a(1 + f), SP,
AP =24+1)
1+4)
+P-2t IP +1
inating rom h= 211 and k= + 1, we get
(ht 1P=4-D.
‘The required equation of reflection is
(+ 1F 49-1.
SS.a.
4
¥ 4)
Pepials, 58. b. Tangent at point P is ty=x+ 7, where slope of
‘Area of triangle ABC is maximum if CD is maximum, tangent i tan @=
Speen baeSred Now required area is 4 = (AN) (PN) =} 2°\2)
‘That means tangent drawn to parabola at C should be
parallel to AB
Slope of AB =
e
Fory?=4r, 7
sy-l
sal
ax}
Fig. 3.18
56. b. Lety,=5+I—x andy, = fr, or gee -4ey"
+6, -S)= Landy} = 4, Now € [1, 4, then A__ occurs when # = 4. So
‘Thus («,, »,) lies on the circle x* + (y—S¥°= 1, AL =16 =
and («,, ¥3) lies on the parabola »* = 4x.
rina gic ee 59, d. OT? = 04 x OB = a8 =§ > OT=¥§
taariax + y-s) Talat Y
‘Now the shortest distance always occur along common (a9)
‘normal tothe curves and normal to cirele passes through re
the centre ofthe circle,
Normal to the parabola y* = 4x is y = mx ~ 2m — m?
passes through (0, 5) gives m?+ 2m +5 =0, which has
only one root m=— 2. Fig. 3.19 60. b. Tangent at point P is ty =x + ar’. a
Line perpendicular to Eq. (1) passes through (a, 0)
Plat, 2at)
5 (hh
x a.) =
Fig. 3.20
2 y-0=-e-a)ortety=taory=Ha-%) 2)
Equation of OP is
y-2xedoryadx 6
From Eqs. (2) and (3), eliminating f, we get
Y= 2x(a~x)
or 2x? +? -2ar=0 *
61. a. Slope of tangent at P is }- and at Qis }-
A
= Slope of OR is~“15-* = tang
[Note that angle ina semicircle is 90°]
= tang =~ }(cot 8, + cot8,)
= cot), + cot0,=~2 tang
Ob.
Slope of line is 4 = tan 8.
= tan(ZMPS) = tan 2 (3-6) =tan (x ~ 20) =—tan 26
wa
“P-i
63. ¢. Solving y= 2x ~3 and y*=4a(x-}), we have
ar-3F=4a(x-4)
= 4r +9- 12e=4ar~ 42
340-43 +a)x+9+4 <0
‘This equation must have equal roots => D = 0
= 163 +a)?~16(9+ 42) <0
394d +6a= 9448
ad+itno
4
=a-0ora=¥9
64.¢.
Fig. 3.23
Let A= (af, 2at,) and B= (a, ~2at,).
Equation of tangents at A and B are,
ty=xtet
and-1y=3+ af, respectively.
These tangents meet y-axis at
4,=(0,at,)
and B, = (0, at).
‘Area of trapezium 44,B,B~ } (AB + 4,B,) «OC
=> 24d = Saar, +201) (af)
Sh=8>t,=2
4, =(0,2a)
If ZOSA, = 6, then tan 6 = 27 = 2
=>@=tan'(2)
‘Thus, required angle is 2 tan’' (2). 65. b, Here a = 2 for parabola and the two tangents pass
through the points (~2, ~ 3), which lie on the directrix,
then tangents are perpendicular or mm,
66...
y
Xx x
¥
Fig. 3.24
‘Tangent at P intersects the y-axis at Q = (0, at).
Also circle with PS as diameter touches the y-axis at
(0, at. So y-axis isthe tangent to circumcircle of APOS
at.
67. d. Tangents y = m,x + ¢ and y = m.x + c intersect
at (0, ¢) which lies on the directrix of the given
parabola. Hence, tangents are perpendicular for which
mm,=l
68, b. y= ax” ~ 6x + b passes through (0, 2).
Here, 2= a (0°) 6(0) +6
692
Aso, Y= 2006
(a2
=3a-6=0
a=?
69. b, Since tangents are perpendicular, they intersect on
the directrix.
=> Q, I) lies on the linex=-4 =
soa
70. b. Parabolas y =x" +1 andx=y* + 1 are symmetrical
about y = x
‘Therefore, tangent at point 4 is parallel to y
x
Fig. 3.25
(3.4) ant ({3)
Fig. 3.26
Let the middle point of P and T'be (hk)
2 the at
and 2k= 3at
age
1 2heax ty
Locus of (hk) is 2y* =9ax.
Asa=2,y°=9x.
‘72. ¢. Tangent to parabola y* = 4x having slope m is
jomeede
‘Tangent to circle (x ~ 1)? + (y+ 2)°= 16 having slope m
is
(y+2)=m(x-1)+4V1 +a
V+ mi — m—2 ~ Vm!
Distance between tangents is ts Asm>O=d<4
73.4.
io
‘i Fig. 3.29
Hence, common chord of given circles is line AP
(which is intercept of tangent at point A between point
Fig. 3.27 A and directrix).
1 bd 76. a. Since the normal at (ap*, 2ap) to y* = 4ax meets the
Here =n (3 +0) parabola at (q?, 209),
a--p-} @
Since OP 1 0Q,
2ap-0 , 2aq-0
ap—0" ag -0
=e(-p-p)=-4 [Using ()]
=p=2
77. d. Given parabola is y* = 4x +8 or y* = 4(x + 2).
Equation of normal to parabola at any point P() is
: yante+2)+ 2+?
It passes through (k, 0) if k= 1° => Ar — k) = 0.
3. Hence, it has three real values of if k> 0,
78. c. Equations of tangent and normal at Par’, 2at) are
ty=x+ar and y=— t+ 2at+ ar, respectively.
Thus, T= (—at*,0)andN= (2a + af’, 0). Also,
S$=(@,0).
r Hence, SP = a+ af", ST=a+ at”
and SN= a+ at*
Fig. 3.28 Thus, SP =ST=SN.
‘Tangent to parabola y* = 4x at (1, 2) will be the locus
ake § as 79. b. Let AB be a normal chord where A = (af, 2at,),
ae : B= (af, 2at,). Ifits midpoint is P(A, k), then
syax+ 5
Be. 2h=a(4+0)
Circle S,, taking focal chord AB as diameter, will touch =d(1, +1, -244]
directrix at point P and circle Staking AP as diameter,
will pass through focus § (since AP subtends angle 90° and 2k= 2a(t, + ,).
at focus of parabola). 1
=-1 => pq=-4 80. ¢.
Fig. 3.30
Les, (2a d= (24-4).
Clearly, 24,04 -%
1
aie
a4=nd
Equation of normal at 4, is y=~t,x +44, + 24,
= hn 4426 =44+2(12)
=2B
81. c.
yarn
=m=-2,0=-2
2am — am? = -2(-2-2) ~ (-2(-2)' = -24
a
ai=4
$2. d. Wehave a= 1.
Normal at (m7, — 2m) is y= mx —2m — mi’.
Given that normal makes equal angle with axes, then
its slope m=+ 1.
‘Therefore, point P is (m", ~ 2m) = (1, +2).
83. ¢. Let A= (@,f)
‘The normal at (af, 2at) is y =~ tx + 2at + ar?
+ a + Qa-ay—
Let, 1,1, be roots of Eq, (1), then
at’ + Qa-ayt—B = a(t-1,) (t-t,) (#1) @)
-mx+cis anormal to y*=4arife=~2am~am', ,
Let P= (af, 2at,), O= (af 2at,) and R'=( af, 2ar,)
Since the focus Sis (a, 0),
SP= ai +1)
Similarly, SQ= af +1),
and SR = af, +1)
Putting == V=T in Eg. @),
‘we have
~ai+ (Qa-a)i- B= ai
4)@-4)(i5)
= (a~a)i-B\=a(i-t,) (i-n) (i-1,)
Vaart Fmalith Vite +
= aVe—aF +P Varah Yar at Ya af
> aS? = SP SQ*SR
84. d. Ends of latus rectum are P(a, 2) and Pa, ~2a).
Point P has parameter‘, = 1 and point Phas parameter
i=l
Normal at point P meets the curve again at point
O whose parameter 4 =— 1,7 =.
Normal at point P’ meets the curve again at point
© whose parameter) =— 1-7. =3.
Hence, point Q and 0 have coordinates (92, ~6a) and
(9a, 6a), respectively.
Hence, 00'= 12a
85. d. Point (sin 8, cos 6) lies on the circle x* + y* = 1 for
VOER
‘Now three normals can be drawn to the parabola
y= 4ax if x = |2a) meets this circle.
Hence, we must have cos 6 > |2ai.
0 B=(-a?,,0), D=(2a+ar,0). IfABCDisarectangle,
‘ then midpoints of BD and AC will be coincident.
Puy
=> h+ af =2a+ar —ar,
Stt,+
ems ke2a=0
=> tana tan f+ tan? a =~
; ; =h=2a,t=-F
£89. b, Slope of normal at point P(s,) and Q(t.) is~f,and 9.4 4y=?—g
~ tf, respectively. x
Equation of chord joining P (¢,) and Q (1,) is 4g .
y~2at, = 7-27 (x- a)
a
or 2e~(f, +4)y+2an,=0
But (,=~ 1
Chord PQ is 2x (1, +4,)y~2a=0
oF 2x 2a)~(4, +, r=0,
which passes through the fixed point (a, 0).
= 4tn-4-2
Poy)
enn
Equation of the line through P parallel to 40. Fig. 3.35 Therefore, slope of normal = ~ 2- But slope of normal 95. b. Let the concyelic points bef. 1. f, and f
Sh tytyty=0
Here, f, and r, are feet of the normals. So
4a,
and 1,-~*,
(from the given equation) => 4, +4,= 2 ands, +1,=-2
Adding, we get
2o(t+l\.
a(ira)=°
=x (2+4)=80
3441-0
=x) + 4x, -80=0,
Which has one root x, = 4,
Hence, x,= 4; y,=2
= This point lies on the axis of the parabola.
2 P=(4,2).
. , 96. c. Axis of the parabola is x= 1. Any point on itis
yee year ema (1, 4). Now distance of (1, 4) from (1, ~ 2) should be
ytl=-7G-10) ‘more than the semi-latus rectum and (1, k) should be
inside the parabola, hence k> 2,
S2yt2=-x+10 7
Sxt2y-8=0
93. a. A circle through three conormal points of a parabola
always passes through the vertex of the parabola.
Hence, the circle through P, Q, R, $ out of which
P,Q, Rare co-normals points will always pass through
vertex (2, 3) of parabola.
€. Normal at point P(x,, y,) = (af, 2at,) meets the
parabola at R(t”, 2at
st=-1,-3 a
Normal at point O(x,, y,) = (af, 2a,) meets the
parabola at R(at’, 2at)
ain-4 -t @
From Eqs. (1) and (2),
Now given that x, +x,=4
ae+dn4
SU tHP 4a’
=U, +1)=2N2 afr
ab, tyl-n2 Given parabolas 2y? = 2x ~ 1 and 2x* = 2y ~ 1 are
‘symmetrical about the line y =x.
Also shortest distance occurs along the common normal
‘which perpendicular to the line y = x.
Differentiating 2y* = 2x — 1 w.rt. x, we get
wear
a$-d-12y-4
Hence, points are as show in the figure
‘Then, the shortest distance
aot
4° \16* 16 “NE
98. d.
‘P16, 16)
c
yer
Fig. 3.38
By property, centre of circle coincides with focus of
parabola
=C=4,0)
pe = 16
tan @ = slope of PC=4$
Sense" (
99. a. Let AB be a normal chord where A = (ar’, at),
B= (ah 2).
We have t, =—1—3.
Now, ABP = [a(? AP +417
= 20-1) (+4) +4)
nalere+F) (S44)
_ 16d (1+ Ay
é
2
“a = 16 ( fpaeefagen+fPar)
=32d (1+ #7 (32=3=20 )
ex 20 +f 2
ae -2
For M4) 0-3 1= ¥2 for which 4B* is minimum,
Ths, AB, = 49¢1 + 29°? = 2037 units
100... The equation of any normal be y=—ex-+ 2r+P°.
Since it passes through the points (15, 12),
= 1514202
=P-13-12=0
One rot is 1, thea
(Ife +1 12)=0
Stn 134
Therefore, the conormal points are (1,—
(16,8).
Therefore, centroid is (7°, 0).
101.4. For a focal chord f, = — 1 and for the norm!
10, +4)+2=0.
2),(9,~6), and
Rt1t2=0 4
Therefore, r, is imaginary.
$02.b: Soving thn nny = Gr t+1=0
sx-328
yr?
Suppose point D is (x,,y,), then
NtRty AO
32408 +2-W+y,=0
= y,-4 then x,= 4.
‘Therefore, the point is (4, 4).
103.¢. Equation of the normal is y = mex — 2am — am?
Putting y =
x, = 2a+ am;
xj 20+ am,
x,=2a+ ami,
where x,,.x,,%, ate the intercepts on the axis of the
parabola.
‘The normal passes through (h, ).
= am! + (2a~hym+k=0,
which has roots m,, m, m, which are slopes of the
=>m,+m,+m,=0
and mm + mg, + mm > m+ mi + m= (m, +m, + my ~ Am,m, + mm,
+myn)
2@a—h)
aaa 8.
34, +x, +x,= 6a ~22a~h)=2(h+a)
104e.
ceva
Fig. 3.39
Equation of normal at P(, 1) is
yo 1=-26-1)
ory+2e=3 ao
Directrix of the parabola y? = x is
xe} 2
Centre of the circle is intersection of two normals tothe
circle, e., Eqs. (1) and (2) which is
Hence, radius ofthe circle is
iy 7 5, 25 _ SVS
We) = Fe ZF -E
105.4. Let y = mx + ¢ intersect »? = 4ax at A(af,2at,) and
Blat, 2at,).
mY
nth
a4t4-3
Let the foot of another normal be O(af, 2at,).
Then,
1 tht=0
ya ty=-2
us, other fot is (84, 2
in terms of m is
106.b, Tangent to y* =
1
ye
Normal to x° = 4dy in terms of m is
= mx +25+5
yrme+2b+e5
If these are same lines, then
1 6
waned
= 2bm?~m+b=0
For two different tangents
1-88 >0
=i< ye
107.. Normals to y? = 4ax and x? = 4by in terms of m are
y= mx ~ 2am — am?
andy = mx+ 26+.
Fora common normal,
2b + bim? + 2am + am? =0
=> am’ + 2am’ + 2bm+b= 0
This means there can be most five common normals.
108. a.
Fig. 3.40
Given curve is (y— 2° = 4(¢+1)
Focus is (0, 2)
Point of intersection of the curve and y= 4 is (0, 4).
From the reflection property of parabola, reflected ray
passes through the focus.
+. x= 0 is required line
109.d. Solving the equations, we get
Peat ed
If circle and parabola touch each other, then
D=0
= 16-416 -a)=0
sa=n3
1d.