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Lecture 3.1

This document discusses power factor correction. It defines key terms like power factor, power triangle, and reactive power. The power triangle shows the relationships between real power (P), reactive power (Q), and apparent power (S). Adding a capacitor in parallel can correct the power factor by supplying reactive power to cancel out the reactive power drawn by an inductive load. Examples are provided to calculate total power for multiple loads and to determine the capacitance needed for a given power factor correction.

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40 views16 pages

Lecture 3.1

This document discusses power factor correction. It defines key terms like power factor, power triangle, and reactive power. The power triangle shows the relationships between real power (P), reactive power (Q), and apparent power (S). Adding a capacitor in parallel can correct the power factor by supplying reactive power to cancel out the reactive power drawn by an inductive load. Examples are provided to calculate total power for multiple loads and to determine the capacitance needed for a given power factor correction.

Uploaded by

Đông Huy Bạch
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ECE 330: Power Circuits

and Electromechanics
Lecture 3
2019-08-30
Last time
S = VI ∗ = P + jQ
Today
• Power factor
• Power triangle
• Power factor correction
Power Triangle: Lagging PF

S
Q

θ
P P = S cos (θ )
Q = S sin (θ )
Power Triangle: Leading PF

θ P

S Q

P = S cos (θ )
Q = S sin (θ )
Specifying Power
• 6 total quantities: V, I, PF, P, Q, S
• Need a reference: assume θ v = 0 → I = I∠ − θ
• Use whatever is given to calculate unknown quantities
⎧ cos −1 ( PF ) lag
⎪
θ=⎨
⎪⎩ − cos −1
( PF ) lead
P = S cos (θ ) = S ( PF )
Q = S sin (θ ) = P tan (θ )
S = P 2 + Q 2 = VI
What if there are multiple loads?
i(t) i(t)
Load Load
+ 1 2 +

v(t) v(t) Load Load Load


1 2 n
- Load -
n

For either series or parallel:


Stot = S1 + S2 +…Sn
Ptot = P1 + P2 +…Pn
Qtot = Q1 + Q2 +…Qn
Example: PF correction
i(t) Stot =
+
A ) 1233.01+ j350 VA
v(t) Load Load B) 1278.71+j93.99 VA
1 2 C ) 1122.13 + j982.05 VA
-
D ) 1390.33-j539.03 VA
V = 100∠10! V
I1 = 10∠ − 26.8! A
I 2 = 5∠40! A
Example: PF correction
i(t) Stot =
+
A ) 1233.01+ j350 VA
v(t) Load Load B) 1278.71+j93.99 VA
1 2 C ) 1122.13 + j982.05 VA
-
D ) 1390.33-j539.03 VA
V = 100∠10! V
I1 = 10∠ − 26.8! A
I 2 = 5∠40! A
Purely Reactive Loads
• Inductors and capacitors consume 0 real power
• Inductors consume reactive power
• Capacitors produce reactive power
• Can place capacitor in parallel with motor to produce all reactive
power needed at motor instead of at generator.
Power Triangle: Power Factor Correction

S Qn = P tan (θ n )
Q0 Qn = Q0 + Qadd
Sn
θ0 Qn Qadd = Qn − Q0
θn

P
Report as: add X VAR of
capacitance.
Example: PF correction
i(t) What should capacitor in parallel
+ add to get PF=0.98 lagging?
A ) 0 VAR of capacitance
v(t) Load Load
B) 600 VAR of capacitance
1 2
C ) 100 VAR of capacitance
-
D ) 350 VAR of capacitance
V = 100∠10! V
I1 = 10∠ − 26.8! A
I 2 = 5∠40! A
Example: PF correction
i(t) What should capacitor in parallel
+ add to get PF=0.98 lagging?
A ) 0 VAR of capacitance
v(t) Load Load
B) 600 VAR of capacitance
1 2
C ) 100 VAR of capacitance
-
D ) 350 VAR of capacitance
V = 100∠10! V
I1 = 10∠ − 26.8! A
I 2 = 5∠40! A
Why PF correction?
S = P2 + Q2
S = VI
S
I=
V
For a constant voltage, increasing
Q results in a larger current.
Greater losses on the line.

Lowering Q results in fewer losses.


Example: PF correction
i(t) What should capacitor in parallel
+ add to get PF=1?
A ) 0 VAR of capacitance
v(t) Load Load
B) 600 VAR of capacitance
1 2
C ) 100 VAR of capacitance
-
D ) 350 VAR of capacitance
V = 100∠10! V
I1 = 10∠ − 26.8! A
I 2 = 5∠40! A
Example: PF correction
i(t) What should capacitor in parallel
+ add to get PF=1?
A ) 0 VAR of capacitance
v(t) Load Load
B) 600 VAR of capacitance
1 2
C ) 100 VAR of capacitance
-
D ) 350 VAR of capacitance
V = 100∠10! V
I1 = 10∠ − 26.8! A
I 2 = 5∠40! A

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