CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter discusses research method used by researcher in conducting the study.

In this chapter consist of research design, setting and subject of the research, research

instrument, data collection technique, and data analysis technique

A. Research Design

This research is a qualitative descriptive type, namely research that uses a natural

setting with the intention of interpreting the phenomena that occur and is carried out by

involving various existing methods (Raco, 2018) defined qualitative research techniques as

a methodology or quest to study and comprehend a key phenomena.

According to Rahardjo (2012), qualitative research is a scientific activity that

involves systematic data collection, categorizing the data, describing and interpreting the

data received via interviews or regular discussions, observations, and recording. The

information might take the form of text, images, photographs, meeting minutes, and more.

The goal of qualitative research, according to Hendryadi et al. (2019:218), is to get a full

understanding of how social phenomena are perceived.

From some of the meaning above the researcher concluded that qualitative research is

a research procedure that produced detail description. Because this study is focus was on
specific events occurring in schools, the researcher utilized a descriptive approach for it.

The next researcher makes observations and provides as clear a description of the

phenomena as feasible. As a result, this research maybe conducted as descriptive research

using the suitable design.

B. Research Procedure

The steps taken to gather data to address the research questions posed in this study

are referred to as the research procedure. This procedure includes discussions about the

location and subject of the research population or sample, the research design (preparation

stage, implementation stage, and reporting stage), the justification for the design,

operational definitions, research instruments, the development process for those

instruments, data collection methods, their justification, and data analysis.

1. Observation

The researcher carried out classroom observations, namely by observing when English

learning began. This was done because the researcher wanted to observe and pay

attention to how learning was observed in the classroom. Researcher conducted

classroom observations, namely by observing when English learning began. This was

done because researcher wanted to observe and pay attention to how learning was

observed in the classroom. In classroom observations, researcher also use an

observation checklist that has been prepared.

2. Interview

After the researcher has made observations and the results have found common

ground, the researcher will then interview several students in grades 7 and 8. The
 researcher conducted interviews using a list of questions that had been created by the

researcher

C. Setting and Subject for the Research

This research took place at MTSN 5 Ponorogo. located in Jambon, Ponorogo

Regency. There were two iterations of this research. The first, the researcher observe

the school where the research is conducted, discuss with the school regarding the data

collection procedures that be carried out at the school. The second is interviews with

several students from grades 7 & 8.

Research at MTSN 5 Ponorogo Badegan was conducted for several reasons :

a. MTSN 5 Ponorogo uses students worksheets as a media for learning English from

grades 7,8.

b. Students and English teachers at MTSN 5 Ponorogo have also used English students

worksheets as a learning media from grades 7,8.

c. Researcher have visited MTSN 5 Ponorogo and researcher have also applied for

permission and made observations first before collecting data.

D. Data Source

Any source of information regarding related research is a data source. Two

different categories of data sources were employed to collect the data for this

investigation, namely:

1. Primary Data

Primary data are data sources that directly offer data to data collectors, according to

Sugiyono (2018:456). The researcher gathered the information straight from the
 primary source or the site of the research project. Results of interviews with

informants on the research topic were used by researcher as primary data.

2. Secondary Data

According to Sugiyono (2018:456) secondary data is an indirect data source

provide data to data collectors, for example through other people or through

documents. In this study, the secondary data sources are in accordance with the

books, journals, articles related to research topic regarding the use of student

worksheets in schools.

E. Data Collection Technique

Researcher use qualitative data to conduct observations, interviews and

document findings. Firstly, classroom observation, in classroom observation the

researcher made observations in the classroom when English learning began. This is

used to observe and pay attention to how learning media are used in the classroom

and when the observations have been completed the researcher continues by

conducting interviews with several students in grades 7 and 8 and finally takes

documentation about the teaching materials used, namely worksheets and then takes

photos while making the observations. classes and interviews with students.

F. Research of Instrument

There are several kinds of instrument elements used, each instrument has a

different role, method final result.

1. Observation

Using observational techniques is one way to learn about or look into nonverbal

behavior. Sugiyono (2018:229) claims that when compared to other data gathering
 methodologies, observation has unique qualities. To determine the actual

conditions at MTSN 5 Ponorogo, observations were made directly in the field for

this investigation.

2. Interview

One method used to gather data for a study is conducting interviews. A two-way

conversation called an interview is used to get information from important

informants. According to Arikunto (2016: 199), guided free interviews are ones in

which participants are free to ask any questions they want while still adhering to

the established interview rules. The interview will generate questions. This

interview's goal is to gather data that will be useful for the study.

3. Documentation

According to Sugiyono (2018:476) documentation is a method used to

obtain data and information in the form of books, archives, documents, written

numbers and pictures in the form of reports and information that can support

research.

G. Data Analysis Technique

After the process of gathering data, following the data analysis Sugiyono

(2018: 482) defines data analysis as the process of looking for and compiling

systematic data from interviews, field notes, and documentation by organizing data

into categories, breaking down into units, synthesizing, arranging into patterns,

choosing what is important and what be studied, and drawing conclusions that are

simple for them and others to understand.

doing research. Data are pieces of knowledge that have been gathered via study.

Researcher must utilize a variety of ways to gather the data in order to acquire

trustworthy results. Due to the fact that the goal of research is to gather data, data

collecting techniques are a crucial phase in the research process. Additionally,

researcher must actively participate in the study process in order to gather, analyze,

and draw conclusions from their findings. To analyze the data, the researcher

conducted an analysis using the following steps :

1. Data Reduction

Sugiyono (2018:247-249) claims that data reduction entails choosing and

summarizing information.

The key is to concentrate on significant events that relate to the study issue,

search for themes and patterns, and ultimately provide a better picture to

facilitate subsequent data collecting. The objectives to be attained and which

have been predetermined will serve as a guide in decreasing the data.

Additionally, data reduction is a critical thinking process that calls for

exceptional intelligence and nuanced understanding.

2. Data Display

The data must then be shown after being reduced. Data presentation in

qualitative research might take the shape of tables, graphs, flowcharts,

pictograms, and other visual representations. Data may be grouped and

presented in a pattern of relationships through presentation, making it simple to

grasp. Additionally, data presentation in qualitative research might take the form
 of concise summaries, charts, correlations between categories, flowcharts, and

the like, but narrative language is frequently employed to display data in this

type of study. The data is ordered and organised through the presentation,

making it simpler to interpret (Sugiyono, 2018: 249).

3. Drawing Conclusion

Drawing conclusions is the last stage of qualitative research analysis. Sugiyono

(2018: 252-253) asserts that conclusions from qualitative research can address

the problem formulation that was established from the beginning, but they may

not do so given that the problem and problem formulation in qualitative research

are still ad hoc and will change once the research is conducted in the field. In

qualitative research, conclusions are brand-new discoveries that have never been

made before. Findings can take the shape of a description or a description of a

previously ambiguous object that is now clear as a result of investigation .