CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter focuses on the method used in conducting this research. It

covers research design, subject of the study, data and data sources, method of

collecting data and research instrument, method of data analysis and

trustworthiness of study.

A. Research Design

A qualitative approach emphasizes the qualities of entities, processes and

meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity,

amount, intensity or frequency (Denzin and Lincoln 2000, 8). Put another way,

quality refers to a thing’s essence and ambience - the what, how, when and where

of it. Qualitative research thus refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions,

characteristics, metaphors, symbols and description of things (Berg 2007)

Qualitative research is used by the researcher to conduct this study

because the researcher seeks to understand a phenomenon, a process, or a

particular point of view from the prespective of those involved. The central

purpose of this study is to undertsand the world or the experience of another. The

underlying question of this study the researcher is asking is about “How are

events, processes, and activities perceived by the participants?” It also directs to

42
 43

interpretation of the human actions, in the certain situations, events, customs, or

portrayal of what being studied. The ultimate goal of this kind of research is to

portray the complex pattern of what being studied in sufficient depth and detail so

that someone who has not experienced it can understand it.

This research concerns on the describing and analyzing a phenomenon that

is happened in the classroom activities. Qualitative research disscuses a variety of

approaches, including case study, ethnography, critical ethnography, performance

ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenolgy, narrative inquiry, historical

rsearch, descriptive research, document or content analysis, naturalistic

obsevation, and focused interviews. This research is categorized into the

descriptive study which refers to the researcher’s act in arriving and identifying a

rich description of the people, objects, events, places, conversations and so on,

and the main concern of this research is to describe native speaker teacher’s

teaching strategy in an English Club class.

This descriptive study is also able to produce the data in the form of

written words rather than numbers or statistics. According to Furchan (1982:415)

descriptive research is describing variable or condition of “something” in certain

situation. Tarigan (1992:105) stated that the descriptive research is a research

which is describing the phenomenon naturally without manipulation or

experiment. In this research, the researcher would like to describe about the

related phenomenon of the elaboration of teaching strategy which is done by the

subject of this research which is native speaker teacher by the focus is the
 44

Strategies of Native Speaker Teacher in Teaching English Club in SMAN 1

Dongko, Trenggalek in academic year 2015/2016.

B. Data and Data Source

Data are any selected informations that must be collected in the research.

The data itself have to be taken from the data sources. The data itself consist of

the information and description about the native speaker teacher’s teaching

strategies those are applied in the language classroom and its implementation in

the classroom activities. Data source is the supplies information that can be

acquired to fill the needed data of the certain research. Sugiyono (2009: 153)

stated that based on the sources, data can be classified into two those are primary

data and secondary data. Primary data source is source of data which is related to

the subject of this study that is taken through the researcher directly.

In this research the primary data source came from the conducting of

observation and interview with the subject of this research who is native speaker

teacher which is done by the researcher. While secondary data source is a source

of data that is taken by the researcher indirectly from the subject. It can be from

relevant books, journal, etc. The secondary data source of this research were

accepted to complete the primary data. It was from any relevant book, journal of

school, school archives about the history of school, the list name of students who

joined the English Club class, the data from subject of this research who was

native speaker teacher like the education biograpy documentation of the native
 45

speaker teacher, etc and some photos when the researcher conducted the

observation in the subject’s classroom.

C. Technique of Data Collection

The data gathering of this research took place in SMAN 1 Dongko,

Trenggalek. The data itself be collected by the following data collection methods :

1. Observation

According to Hasan (2003:121) described that observation can be doing to

get the data from the activity, place and thing. Ary et al., (2010:431) stated that

qualitative observations rely on narrative or words to describe the setting,

behaviors, and the interactions. In this research the researcher used non participant

observation and a systematic observation. A non participant observer is an

observer who visits a site and record notes without becoming involved in the

activities of the participants (Creswell, 2008:222). Systematic observation was

used in this research. Systematic observation is an observation by observer used

observation guide as an observation instrument (Arikunto, 2006:16).

The observation itself was done to get the information about human

behavior as like in reality. In order to investigate the strategies of native speaker

teacher in teaching English Club for EFL Students in SMAN 1 Dongko,

Trenggalek, the researcher conducted the observation to the native speaker teacher

as the subject of this research in the classroom. The researcher joined in the class

of subject of this research then got to observe the teaching strategy of native

speaker teacher in teaching English for EFL students

2. Interview

Esterberg (2002) stated in Sugiyono book that interview is a meeting of

two persons to exchange information and idea through questions and responses,

resulting in communication and joint construction of meaning about a particular

topic, (2009:317). Interview is used to gather the data on subjects’ opinions,

beliefs, and feelings about the situation in their own words (Ary et al, 2010:434).

According to Moleong (2008:186) interview is a conversation which has certain

purposes.

There are the following three methods in interview stated by Achmadi and

Narkubo (2009:84) :

a) Free or guided interview In this method the interviewer carries out the

interviewee without systematically plan of questions as the guide line to

handle it.

b) Guided interview Here the interviewer carries out the interviewee by using a

set of questions that is planned systematically as the guide line for having

the interview.

c) Free guided interview In this method the interview uses a set of questions

and each question is developed in order to gain the detail information.

In this research, the researcher used free guided interview with a purpose

to dig up the detail information related to the main concern of this research. The

researcher created the question sheet which was in a line to the teacher’s teaching

strategy and its implementation which was done by the native speaker teacher in
 47

the EFL classroom activities. The researcher also interviewed the students of the

subject’s class to get the data about the native speaker teacher’s teaching strategy.

It was conducted in order to get the validity of data which were collected from

both the interview and observation to the native speaker teacher.

3. Documentation

Arikunto (2006:231) indicated that documentation is used to get the data

directly from the place research usually they are relevant books, laws, activities

report, photos, film documenter, archives, letters, diary, journals and other written

text in order to be used to analyze the problem. Documentation is a process of

recording data from the document that is collected from non-human source. In this

research, the researcher used the journal or can be relevant archives that told about

overall of the school, the photos of the subject’s activity in classroom and the

printed papers that conveyed all about the subject which was native speaker. In

this case, the researcher also created the form like curriculum vitae intended to be

filled by native speaker teacher. It contained about native speaker teacher’s

educational biography and personal identity.

D. Technique of Data Verrification

To ensure the trustworthiness of data in this research, the researcher used

the triangulation technique of data analysis to hold the dependability or

realiability of this research. Moleong (2008:330) clarified that triangulation is a

technique to check the validity of data which uses something else to be the

comparison toward that data. It assesses the sufficiency of the data according to
 48

the convergence of multiple data sources or multiple data collections. Based

Sugiyono (2009:330), the aim of triangulation data is not to determine the truth

about some social phenomenon, rather the purpose of the triangulation technique

of data analysis is to increase one’s undersatanding of whatever is being

investigated.

Triangulation is the way of establishing the dependability of the research

by cross-checking the data through more than one method collection. In this

research the researcher conducted three methods collecting data those were doing

observation, performing the interview and taking documentation. Firstly, the

researcher held the interview section with the subject of this research by

discussing about the teaching strategy which was done by her/him. Then after the

data of interview collected, to verify the data from doing interview with the

subject of this research who was native speaker teacher, the researcher also carried

out the interview section to the students about the native speaker teacher’s

teaching strategy based on their angle of view as learners in her/his class.

Afterwards, in order to intepret and to check the validity of data collection from

the interview, the researcher observed the subject true actions in the EFL

classroom through the guidance of observation sheet. Next the last step of

validating this research was to support the data of this research, the researcher put

the information about the subject’s biography and personal identity and the related

data that told about overall the informations of school by conducting document

note taking.
 49

E. Data Analysis

Data analysis is a process whereby the researchers systematically search

and arrange the data in order to increase their understanding of the data presented

and to enable them to present what they learned to others. Ary et al., (2010:481)

stated that data analysis is the most complex and mysterious phase of qualitative

research. Data analysis in qualitative research is a timeconsuming and difficult

process because typically the researcher faces massive amounts of filed notes,

interview transcripts, audio recordings, video data, reflections, or information

from documents, all of which must be examined and interpreted. Analysis

involves reducing and organizing the data, synthesizing, searching for significant

patterns, and discovering what is important. The researcher must organize what

he/she has seen, heard, and read then try to make sense of it in order to create

explanations, develop theories, or pose new questions.

In this research, the researcher followed some steps by Milles and

Huberman (1994:10) in analyzing the data which is called as Interactive Analysis

Model that consists of data collection, data reduction, data display and drawing

conclusion. Those are will be defined as follows :

1. Data Collection

In this step, the researcher collected required data, those were from the

interview with native speaker and also the sudents who were taught by the native

speaker teacher, recorded data during an observation which was collected from

the observation sheet/guide and data taken from documentation.

2. Data Reduction

The next phase is data reduction. In this data reduction phase, there are

living in process and living out process. It means that the selected data are

included in the needed data and it stays in the living in data and the unselected

data are included in the living out data. In this research, data reduction was about

the informations those were gained from the observation and interview with the

native speaker and the students of native speaker teacher in the English Club

classroom. Some information was needed in filling the data, but some of them

were not necessary. Therefore, unimportant data were reduced by the researcher.

3. Data Display

The data display presents the process of showing data simply in the form

of words, sentences, narrative, table, and graphic in order that the data collected is

mastered by the researcher as the basic to take appropriate conclusion. In this

research, the data were displayed consist of the informations about the native

speaker teacher’s strategy in teaching English for EFL students and its

implementation in the classroom. In data display, the researcher also arranged data

systematically in order to get the conclusion as finding of the research.

4. Drawing Conclusion

Drawing conclusion is the last phase where the researcher summarized the

discussion to make the conclusion of this research. It was last procedure of

analyzing the data of this research. After the data were displayed, a conclusion

were drawn. Here, there are two kinds of conclusions those are temporary drawing
 51

conclusion and final drawing conclusion. If the temporary conclusion was valid

and could answer the research problem, the researcher could use it as final

conclusion. In the other hand, if it was not valid, the researcher should repeat the

process starting from the displaying data in order to check whether the data

displayed is in the line with the formulation of research problems or not.