Intelligent Bio-instrumentation Design
Ø The design of bioinstrumentation is the
cumulative result of synchronizing the
technologies involved in optics, biology,
electronics and biomedical engineering.
Ø Two important challenges: the
miniaturization of traditional BMI for
consideration of single cells or microscale
tissues and
Ø Aadaptation of traditional
bioinstrumentation for distribution and
deployment outside traditional care
environments, such as the home and
resource-poor settings.
Ø Figure 9.2 described the various elements needed in a biomedical instrumentation system.
Ø The purpose of this type of biomedical instrument is to monitor the output of a sensor or
sensors and to extract information from the signals that are produced by the sensors.
What is an intelligent medical device?
v To understand what an intelligent medical device is, it’s important to comprehend the
basic concept behind the catch-all phrase “intelligent device.”
v Techopedia defines an “intelligent device” as, “a machine, instrument, piece of
equipment or any other device with internal computing capability.”
v An example of an every day intelligent device would be a “smart” home thermostat
that automatically adjusts room temperature based on factors like energy
consumption and cost.
v Taking the concept of intelligent devices further, we define “intelligent medical
devices” as any medical device that makes self-adjustments based on a given input.
v In other words, an intelligent medical device uses a data-driven feedback loop to
perform a given task without human interaction.
https://atltechnology.com/blog/intelligent-medical-devices/#1
v Instruments and devices are almost similar and used for different scientific evaluations.
They have become intelligent with the advancement in technology and by taking the
help of artificial intelligence.
v With the advent of advanced artificial intelligence,
microprocessors, digital signal processing, and new
classical sensors the instruments have become
intelligent that almost think on their own.
v In addition to smart tablets, cell phones, and hand-
held computers, this list includes automated cars,
medical instruments, and home appliances which are
all being equipped with intelligent mechanisms.
v All these systems have made the life easier by
automating the mechanisms and providing more
convenience in achieving our targets.
v A device that automatically administers medication when a patient’s vitals hit a
certain point would be considered an “intelligent” medical device.
Intelligent Medical Devices vs Smart Medical Devices
v IoT-based patient monitoring systems, the term “smart” typically describes devices
that are connected to the internet.
v Techopedia: Defines a “smart device” as, “an electronic gadget that is able to connect,
share and interact with its user and other smart devices.”
v Given this definition, a smart watch with a user-friendly interface that monitors your
heart rate and uploads the data to the cloud for your physician to review would be
considered “smart” medical device.
v An intelligent device, on the other hand, is one capable of reading data and
automatically performing a function based on that data—regardless of whether it is
connected to the internet.
v A watch that monitors your heart rate and alerts your physician if it detects an
anomaly is an example of an “intelligent” medical device.
v It’s important to note that the two categories, “smart” and “intelligent,” are not
mutually exclusive—a medical device can be either or both.
Intelligent Medical Devices and the Internet of Medical Things
v The term “Internet of Medical Things” (“IoMT”) is often used to refer to the
infrastructure of connected medical devices and healthcare systems.
v “Smart” medical devices, by definition, play the central role in the IoMT.
v “Intelligent” devices, however, still contribute to and benefit from the IoMT.
v For example, a watch that monitors a patient’s heartbeat and alerts the doctor of
an anomaly could upload its data to a cloud of similar watches to improve its
algorithm/feedback loop—leading to better functionality for all of the watches “in
the network.”
v A strong demand for an economical and efficient healthcare solution, which is capable of also addressing the
shortage of medical professionals.
v One such solution can be a secured intelligent healthcare system, which can not only monitor the physical
conditions of the patients remotely, but also analyze the potential physical issues the patients are facing and
provide feedback to them, as demonstrated in Figure.
Figure. Architecture of an intelligent healthcare system.
v By benefiting from the rapid development of modern technology, increasing types
of biomedical data can be collected from patients and transmitted to the cloud for
further data processing and storage.
v This is especially true with the rapid growth in advanced biomedical sensors, such
as ECG, EEG and BP sensors, as well as wireless networking, such as the Fifth
Generation (5G) cellular mobile standards and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
v However, there are two potential issues that restrict the development of intelligent
healthcare systems.
v First, the sensors on humans are extremely power-sensitive, especially the
implanted sensors with limited power supply and the inconvenience of battery
change.
v The most commonly-utilized wireless communication technologies in the
proposed sensors are Bluetooth and ZigBee, which are not dedicated and
optimized for biomedical data transmission.
v Secondly, the data collected from patients are private and critical, which could
cause serious problems if the information were tampered with.
v Hence, an efficient and unique security scheme is also necessary for wireless
communications in the intelligent healthcare system.
Fig. 1 shows the overall system architecture. The app interacts with the wearable devices via Bluetooth
connections and has a new graphical user interface (Supplementary Fig. 1), which is specifically designed
according to the feedback of T1D users, aiming to reduce cognitive burden and facilitate the visualization of
information.
Enhancing self-management in type 1 diabetes with wearables and deep learning
Figure 1, the BLE-based sensors collect the user’s vital signs data and then transfer the data via
Bluetooth to the smartphone. A BLE-based device such as a smart band, a blood pressure monitor,
weight scales, and a glucometer sensor are utilized to collect user data such as heart rate, blood
pressure, weight, and BG level. A prototype android app was developed to receive the user’s vital
signs data from the sensors as well as user personal input (gender, height, age, and other
information). The sensor and personal data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure remote server
where the real-time data processing is installed, which allows the system to handle the huge
amount of sensor data quickly before it is stored in the MongoDB. Two machine learning–based
solutions for diabetes classification and forecasting of BG are utilized to analyze and predict future
changes in health status given current user personal sensor data. MLP is utilized to predict the
presence or possibility of diabetes in the future, while LSTM is utilized to predict the future level of
BG. The results of the analysis are then presented to the medical team via a web-based healthcare
monitoring system. The results are combined with standard medical care from a doctor and the
final personal healthcare treatment is delivered to the patient.
A Personalized Healthcare Monitoring System for Diabetic Patients by Utilizing
BLE-Based Sensors and Real-Time Data Processing
Wearable Technology in Healthcare: Market Overview
Ø In healthcare, the Wearable IoT
(WIoT) is a network of patient-
worn smart devices (e.g.,
electronic skin patches, ECG
monitors, etc.), with sensors,
actuators and software
connected to the cloud that
enable collection, analysis and
transmitting of personal health
data in real time.
Ø Wearable technology is widely
used in healthcare to enable
patient condition monitoring,
Architecture of Cloud-Based Software for Wearables
therapy delivery, and more.
Ø In 2021, the wearable medical devices market was estimated at $16.2 billion, and it is expected to
reach $30.1 billion by 2026 at a CAGR of 13.2%.
A Novel Internet of Things-Enabled Accident Detection and Reporting System for
Smart City Environments
Real-Life Examples of Software for Wearables Delivered by ScienceSoft
https://www.scnsoft.com/healthcare/medical-devices/wearable
