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Questions and Answers for Radiography Testing (RT)
1. What is Radiography Testing (RT) in NDT? - RT is a non-destructive testing method that uses X-rays or gamma rays to
inspect the internal structure of objects.
2. What are the primary applications of RT in NDT? - RT is used to detect internal defects in materials such as welds,
castings, and composites.
3. What are the two primary sources of radiation used in RT? - X-rays and gamma rays.
4. What is the difference between X-rays and gamma rays in RT? - X-rays are generated electronically, while gamma rays
are emitted from a radioactive source.
5. What is the purpose of a radiographic image? - To visualize and assess the internal structure of a test object.
6. What is the difference between a radiograph and a radiogram? - They are often used interchangeably; there is no
significant difference between them.
7. What is the principle behind radiographic testing? - Materials attenuate (absorb and scatter) X-rays or gamma rays
differently based on their thickness and density.
8. What is a radiographic film's purpose in RT? - It records the pattern of radiation attenuation, creating a visible image.
9. What is a radiographic image's quality indicator? - Density, contrast, definition, and detail.
10. What is a radiographic image's density? - The degree of darkening on the radiographic film.
11. What is radiographic contrast? - The difference in density between areas on the radiographic image.
12. What is image definition in radiography? - The sharpness or clarity of the image.
13. What is radiographic detail? - The ability of the image to show fine structures and defects.
14. What is the purpose of an intensifying screen in radiography? - To reduce exposure time and dose by converting X-
rays into visible light that exposes the film.
15. What is radiographic sensitivity in RT? - The ability of a radiographic image to detect small defects.
16. What are the major safety precautions for radiographers? - Use of lead aprons, monitoring equipment, and
controlled area access.
17. What is the inverse square law in radiography? - It states that radiation intensity decreases with the square of the
distance from the source.
18. What is the half-value layer (HVL) in radiography? - The thickness of material that reduces the X-ray intensity to half
of its original value.
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19. How is the energy of X-ray or gamma ray beams measured? - In kilovoltage (kV) or megavoltage (MV).
20. What is the importance of kilovoltage (kV) in RT? - It determines the X-ray penetration ability.
21. What is milliampere-seconds (mAs) in radiography? - It controls the exposure time and the number of X-ray photons
generated.
22. What is a penetrameter in radiographic testing? - A standard reference object used to evaluate the radiographic
image's quality and sensitivity.
23. What is the significance of radiographic darkroom procedures? - To ensure proper handling and processing of
radiographic films.
24. What is radiographic interpretation? - The process of analyzing radiographic images to identify and evaluate defects.
25. What is the purpose of the "density step-wedge" in radiography? - To check and calibrate the film density.
26. What is a radiographic technique chart? - A chart that provides guidance on exposure factors for different materials
and thicknesses.
27. How is the radiographic contrast improved in RT? - By using contrast-enhancing screens or films.
28. What is the minimum requirement for RT personnel certification in accordance with industry standards? - Training,
experience, and passing a certification examination.
29. What is the role of the radiographic safety officer on a job site? - To ensure compliance with safety procedures and
regulations.
30. What is the maximum permissible dose (MPD) for radiation workers? - The maximum amount of radiation exposure
a worker can receive in a defined time period.
31. What is the role of radiographic accessories like lead markers? - To provide information on exposure parameters and
orientation.
32. What is backscatter radiation in radiography? - Radiation that scatters back toward the source, potentially exposing
the radiographer.
33. What is the purpose of radiographic interpretation codes and standards? - To provide guidelines for classifying and
documenting defects.
34. What is a radiographic sensitivity indicator? - The ability of a radiographic image to detect small discontinuities.
35. What is a radiographic IQI (Image Quality Indicator)? - A device used to assess the quality of radiographic images and
to confirm sensitivity.
36. How can you determine the correct exposure time in radiography? - By considering the object's thickness, density,
and the radiographic technique chart.
37. What is film fog in radiography? - An unwanted exposure on the radiographic film, reducing image quality.
38. What is the role of a lead apron in radiography? - To protect radiographers from unnecessary radiation exposure.
39. What is the purpose of a radiographic darkroom? - To process and handle radiographic films without exposing them
to light.
40. How is the source-to-film distance (SFD) determined in radiography? - It is set based on the desired magnification
and image size.
41. What is radiographic tube voltage (kV) selection based on? - Material thickness and density.
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42. What is the minimum thickness for which RT is generally applicable? - Typically, 2 mm is the minimum thickness
suitable for RT.
43. What is the role of a collimator in radiography? - To limit the X-ray beam to the area of interest.
44. What is the role of the Geiger-Muller counter in radiography? - To measure and monitor radiation levels.
45. How is radiographic film processed in a darkroom? - It undergoes a series of chemical treatments including
development, fixing, and washing.
46. What is the difference between a radiographic shot and an exposure in RT? - A radiographic shot is a single X-ray
exposure, while an exposure can consist of multiple shots.
47. What is the radiographic acceptance criteria for welds in RT? - It depends on the applicable code and standards.
48. What is radiographic unsharpness? - Blurriness in the image caused by factors like focal spot size or source-to-object
distance.
49. What is the purpose of radiographic filtration? - To remove low-energy X-rays that contribute to image noise and
reduce contrast.
50. What is the radiographic interpretation process? - Evaluating and documenting defects based on size, shape, and
location.
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