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2\
10,© ~ 2 Seek elements s- © 2|o1|20
: Abuse Mex
$s bp d§
=> luster, differentiating elettron,
Areroth
gewral ein of 4 Bock elements 3.
ae ee
he vc ore patrons?)
eh
Aanthanides : 44
Acimides 3 sf
> unstable due to vodioactve decay.
289 23g
Th U
Wg huxid® years 46x10? yong.
VV
Todioactivit lected.
‘ ey
huts up)
Staiole dua te ath es U Comporatienly move,
Havkin’s Rule oT
RN ne
G6 elements with even no. of protons
ore more Stable then odd ‘no. o
tong and +h
Nave two or more thm two aaa Tebtopes 3a “d
yo 2p 37
1 TPs iT > unstable (radioadive)
Stable
H, No. of protons = atomie.nu =4.
** 8m = 10 Stable isotopes. f( tHghest )
Atomic. 10-50 , > Magic no. oc i
A nucleus 1 move stable than the averugeg |
if the no. of rutrons ov protons are 2, %, 20,29
6, g2,126%% => magic. TH. \
8 Pb. => Stable.
No. of protons = ¢ 2.
No. of neutvong =20§-§2 =126
Agotranides ¢—
=> all of the tanthanides ‘be. “ileal occousrlni |
except Pm.
@ ) ajn r pene y
) \ Pp? mgt axe |
(s, iP, dt) Sabshell.
Shell —> Subsnell orbital.
p(Subsnew) 7 Ps Py, Pe (owital)
AX ann , serperde-ft
energy aap >
n-4 n=5
Spat Spdf ~ )
(coreraers) (8 peode >t
a : LT
enews app Increase,
#* Subshell 4X (eneray op)
Shen om
FHKE % 56 oF
Cs Bo ‘Aas’
Delos! fest. G pel afnd’ 6s”
pel 4f'sd! 6s?
=> Now the guestion iS. where
e- will enters tisst t= betesseer),
4§” op Sd.
Ke tind the value of (ntl) for both the
of Cuses , top 4$ and Bd, wo MSEC. 4g Yalue
Ouwna e~ Creat S1 er 9689 |
4$i (ntt) =44+3-F Some Gr) value.
Sd; (nrg) =S4Q27
2 =>’ it the value of (nte) is Some, then
a enter the Subshell where value of 7 i$ lower .Accordiy
to Anis, e- 4f- a aya anor, wee. (4t hie 1 0-3 a
Ss due to Ze. sds ep GO avier
@) ) 1 ERY. ANE aN, Bd 44
a ed OW e- Bd-( Lexme- 20 |
i ai xe woot gill ve Ape Goal of Ce
cs 6d ; 4g
Radiol vodys!- Rodi ee
total notes, Yates= Ort) cee
= C21 =0
22
poo
oe LA “© ondtne basts of nodes :
se to © cron Saat
lochlised. bi V bs z.and on the basis of
bil Z .
(sia ty ett ,enerwy: 447 Sd
is zero ) > bu onthe basis of above
"elon! 5.
+! [xe] 4p ca! 6s”
LEE
fewe
EK
boy Ie block elemeni( last orvita| enters Into
1 sme Sulbshei) |
chernical properties
0% Similon to £-block clement en la
Atomic Gonfiguration,
‘AW.
fo.) BF est 4fe.saV os
c “ y {ey 2
os og ie eae cag = ope:
| 53 x24. 4g 4° 6S to ae
ftal 60 xe4 4g 19496 g2 of: xe!
i 6\ ROSH GES cd?'Gg>-
7 oH xeS4 446 ca? 63 24
bu 63 xeS4 Git ge gg® (moe Stone, date
ae eA xe 447 cyt 6g
Te 6s xe84 4 §2 cy? GS> tics *8,
Dy 66 xes4 4f!9 ca? 6g >
Ho CF xe Gtll cy ggd- Te i
Ep 68 KeS4 G4 C4 Gg> shove,
Tm 69 xe At 854? Gg2 / baiision
Ye #0 xe At gy? gg 2- seh F
a “fl Ket aft cal Gs ane
ae 77 S03 buried
@ <4
4 sd
és
te
ly trom 4+ ostito/ erty
020 Roy 2 4t (Blam inst @- a
au10 wae at Cleetsor) mQ(st ay av aye i wnaor ad ( ) sresens ek Loman
Properties ot Hatten 1 ie .
') have toni fore oS of +3.
Cert —> Fully filled .
Tort —> exactly hatt Filled .
hh / ey? > exactly watt tilled -
: wits => fully silled .
>a 0-8 ig always ‘most stahe )
Int4 4 e- ——> Int3
oridisi int?) > nk? +e,
‘ S rreducetwy aged
Cenc ammonium nitrate,
[ee (nese | 2, ( oniisiny aginh )
A-6 =-2
na+4
HK :
Ct ant 3
vs mo. resemblance.
Let
Sonigakon transition metal ce lanthanides ($¢ 1)
a of = -& = chorys
‘Hist Senig ( density
‘Yerg high. for TM, Butane
ln du fo wages Sie, densib;
1g highs tt Charge densiby
*#X the Compounds ” Lanthanide, ave -bivalent and long,
=> cRs@ deddesS {Wwe no cese for
> Statbiity ot oe Lesrthomwids , 4+
=> CN / qomdry. orbitals do not
Portidpate in cPse &
Well ag in londin . nas’ little eHed- on nosmal properties , lout it
etek tre Spetsal and ‘maple prerty
=> Source ot honthanides 2 & Monazite Sond
Gmixed phosphate _
=> whetnen 4f orvitals are. filled or ety
(ce, x, Nd, Th.)
Siwy,
Mugrelic properties
Lu ast sa? ao 41 dd
Bu + 44% 5° aco BN Ho 42-3
l= 3
$= 6xt23
less then fut Held : J= I-S = 3-320
AStl _ ae 4 A G-S term -
a Pp fo ( Syoniot )
«Ho 40 wwe LL
43RD th OO -1 7-2 3
L= 46 0 82 4xf=2
J+ l4$= 92 . ate ah
ww
eh
x Ept " 44M ie 46 te
a A i
Diy Mt Ae aioe)
9g, SENT LU)
da “aan
cet3 ; asl ees
Mf. ge, 123; delest= £
© kU) ~ Gt)
i te axf (41
as
»
Reo.
je
HEK
Gate GAS ga seg, te
¥EK ’
PO Bsa am,
KEE K a
€ut3 ond Sm*3 Large di
je difference
one Calewuled Observed beeen Cal. ard
% ; 33236 ( Obsered maynutie.
F 0 33-36 ov
Swit oes ete
=> except utd, crot3 al of The Lanthanidas, caleuked
oF observed, 1Walue 16. almost Same .
*® Coleutotled magnetic moment of ew
oF SBP NAP jand ar O8e
> 81 => Shanderbal Yeimp pressure.
(0%, 4otm).
NTP. => Normal temp Pressure,
“CSS
= © => Colentode magnetic Pou
@ © 7 by osha prmul ( c= gS" )
© => ue => 33-35 Ab (Lnt3) => owital motion will nol
Burs bbe quench
A=0 yee
A =33-38 et
= Gompleres => quenchh of oxbital motton.
Bs eae)
fe 7
Tuts |r 2300 ov! Y= Showes the enesy
and KT ¥ 200 cr! OP between gs or
(thermal ‘okon ) BS
| Spin only Couplir ant. (a)
— &s &3 ——7Ai
— very Small. , theds why?
end . ?
cre Gs 2° Con easily jump.
J
is % trom GSeh.S ok
(€03) NTP. And we
Com a Caleulute, maymulic
vmomunk only for GS by using ~
(424 (oGH) formuter:
las 20)
qulle
Ze” => Site decieases
g>p>a>f > wat shielding chek .
oy)
$
=> Lanthanide. Gntiaction is the | decrease,
im +e Bie of lanthamides trom leit to vigit in
pestalic, table duc to poor Shiiding eet of 44. 0
“Gr
60
Comsequence of Lanthamides Contraction 9 -
Rael ee es ne ae
=> meiting and boiling point v.
=> chemical properties ot lanthanides are abmuc|
Similax, there fore, , Separation. is detteul
=> Ad omd Td Series hove almost “ame. propa
V_ (ad)
(Site died) 0. i . . Nag
ob Ht (4)
= Sener properties. 2+, uf.
=> Bosiaty ceerenses fom lett to right .
_ ho (Ce ---.--- Yb -ylu
: : >
Bosicity , Ske deveasing .
Aa(oHds , Ce(Ott)s , Zu (OH)s
‘ \> high Zat Can not
: release, OW. less bel
ee Bostety orders: 4a (01), > celow) > Zulon),
Separation of dantnanides ° —
tre Zonthamides are all trivalent and
OM most identical in SiC. therelure hove allnost
Gila properties, thevelove Seposation if defiduth.
(i) fractional pret pitostion ;-
with tl arwunt of paint
. less Sole Substahees ove predpoted. most”
mail and’ most Complet
Soustion Grains? che Ly ((Nos') 5
| Koo), Celow)y Yo(oH}s, dulor),
1 Gastaty ‘cecweage, |”
Solus la (Ws; elon) | >LaCOH)g
Precipi tafion 5 Lu(OK)s >Yo (OM),
Grease sole; $o predpase est,
Solution fedpHale '
(rom tet dite.) Cenavs mig ok ca
Lo, ¢ ‘i rom rie Side eg Are -
£1 Py Pm J Cie Basic .*. less Soluik)
Ep) TH, Xp, Lu,
Perciitake Hos, Solid Ln (on), :
nog,
Ee (ors | Tia (OH)s Yo (ou)s,
' Luton) 3
(*s:) J
fy Soluble ppt
vr, Ty Yo, Zu
2) Cop Sesmation:.
=> Mixture of lanthanides tong + EDTA
2 \ do, Ce --... Yo. Ly
ea bo! Yong present’ on ne right Side will “form
Stronger Compete du to
Se.)
Oxalute ions.
* disdain. of legs less. hale Compleres
EL Clett site ions)
Yaw
o =Y Aeld ig added along with. oxalote ton. Sence,,
add leads +0 dissociation oF less Stable RDTA
Comperes. thre fore ionf on [elf Side. will form Onatate, Ore precipitate and the Process i$ ‘epecded ,
® Solvent extinction o-
partion Gdtient, = Soubilty in ora Pe,
Soutility I) aquinus phuye,
Prindple 2s
Bae Differewe in tne Senbity of Larthanides
40 and orgente. Sowvent . (ext ting Solve ),
Exton Solvent : (vs =n buy phosphate )
TeP
in mert Solvent like
Kerosene and xylene
Laviong ’ ‘
in. tHgher the mass or. Smaller the Size,
otlong more. will ve the postition Goelhitent—
Se will be move Soluble im oxganic. phase |
Ane Nite atid Souwhon ot Aanthanides ton is
Passed tere IC Solent. In which Lanthanide:
prove, Wade wale geet trom water.
TEP 18 used to extmct lonthowides trom
HNY3 acid Solution. gree it forme Complexes With.
lot? aqueous tong ,m presence of witrale ong
wA3(a) + avy (08) + 3TBP (rg)
+
In(nts); E1B°)3 (ory)
| Smaller tne Site of Lonthonides Caltons
Tore Complex twill be dormud .
Aot3 Zaiebsy Gdt3
ba G 106 (ratio of partitaton b 4) Jon exchange melhod |
=> Must Yopid and most efficient
L> 8% Sov of Int
ion- exchange tsin Dowex 50)
Chore a), Tee ai aa poly syrene.
Contaxning SO3H
ut
Bes Lo dde>
hydioled radius > Lu*3> dor?
1nX3 sD H,O
G high tor Lut3
Procedure °-
~~" An oquevus gouution of Ist? sas ig tun
doum a Column ot Synthetic. lon- exchange gesin Such.
OS Douen ~ 50 ( Sulphonated- polystyrene aortarning Sogt)
Inf? 9) + 3H (resin)is) ——> In ie + 3Ht (aa),
Lux3- nH.
LaXZ . WHO
n= lonye
n= Small
\nge ile.
Smaller the hydrated Yodus more Shonaly the
ion binds | to ont yesin . mua
Jo; .... No, Lp
( Zo. hytated ion, being Smaltest,
becomes abifosbed atthe ol ot Gunn;
amd Lu. at the bottom)
Eling Sobent s- vteed cui of eitvic acid. [( Ms), cibate|
Lu(vesin)s + BH* + (bole) —s git (resin) + In (citvade)
Lu forms Stronger Complex with ehcp
Solent ond hence is removed tist tollowed op
No, Tr, Ono... ges. a12)
we TM 126
= Meek Mery
when 1-0
P= Pere on)
for, dat? Gdt3 wit?) 120,
Aut fre] 54 yo 50
CR Ee ey aa ay So len
wi BY Aya a ee Leo
P Foe bow cose, to Calewtuhion of
magaohic. momunt use A= Fawn eo
dont use. A Qoany e
1 GA Eye Ae liay = [63
2. 5e
Chemica properties of anthanideg on (Un)
— > 1,0
) dn + 0 7A MEH Ce
Ce+ 0, —> Ceo,
%) ln + Hy —> Int
G Gnducts leche :
y Ovidation stale of In +3.
original Strukuve is [mare
mela le
% Blethon terwes asan ¢7
Costion :
7 Fee elerbon ig Sponsivle for its eletviuty Gndustion- 4
nl, > «Ota
Presguse, G does not Gnduct electstent?” I
Unf. tt
3). Malides
boxg (where x= Se, 00,2)
int 2X, —> 3m xX
ha, and ceTy Py,
(renters [eerey
> [edeyer] “
=> Conduct eletriaty? .( dueko free e-)
7 metallic clusten
F#* From lett ty vighd
I!
in peviadic table, the Si2e ot 23],
Coordivation mo. ot halides cleereeses .
koP3 s CN = => penloapped tgonal prism
\nPe cD
Imes $ (lo—> 64) => CN >9 > topped agent
dnd, § (To> ) > enare > aan H lydredes ae
GA Gd%. 6H0 => .cneg
ThX3 - 6130 6120 moleuly,
‘ and 2E- oF dor
X=Cl, Be i‘
LUX. HRD
Compler format ation ali bili
=> dueto loxger Site Complex formation
Golly IS. less. then: Hrorsitos’ metale. me
= fmore labile, than -T.1y ‘ “ Ki
Dato lye sie on 18 also high
ia ° eye = Goes Common: en>e,)
> ws, vosd acid
<. Combine with hard loases preterbly?
iy a N,
> Since 44 ig deesly busied - - Can't pareipate.
iy N-bonding 2. do not Combine with .
TC acceptor liga 6 WR 2 ON" cong.
> \ a)
NOT MP => monodentate with
oo” Nog “Small site ‘metal tong
=> bidentale wait,
: lorge a veto tong.
: due to larye site, NUS, cog | Sog” behowes
AS bviodemtate tisonag .
> CN ‘less. than 6. OYe UN Comme:
even It ‘hep de butuy \gand's are , Yequired.
CG? 2-6 dimmetnyl phenyl, [1 (sne),] © +e [Aor (Ha0),, (0s) |
Nor act ag” bidentate,
CN = S46 211
[4m (enta) (20g) 9
> 64329
(Bde, (ma8),)° => CNeG
Lee (w#3}, (Phyto), | => cars 842'=10 (dedechohedrat)
Ce (nipgy> o> c= 6x2 12 ( tcosanedva | )
[cect] a> cra ( sBkahetzes )
© cn=g .
Uppordl = acetylacetorote,,
Colour 00d Spectra.
dd => Shap bwed peat,
fof => Sharh pear.
G Fosbital is deeply busied.
PD chse Sigai ki
‘bsonle Gupi 7 CPSE dows pot play se eank
Cvisrations ol lp)
7 tne $ owitals ow d oly busi
tvew bye. 4 i cenls busied
hey ave longely “gWielded . trom enviromental.
faclors. Such as ‘nature of Wgonds, no lot Vigadg. and.
Virokons of there. fore -the Hee, iron of he.
Adosphon band (4.2 Glows) dees not Chenye “with Chawye, |
i ligoonds 2 absosption hands of ln axe abrormall
axe used pe wavelength Btiverstion
Of Fehrs.
PF lowe. no of peaks in Sper .
Ae oe ee
ML -L to th lore no, ot towcibion ave
: possinle.
2? 4> Sd
> beod
> cea by rae ond el Iigands
© gy <
Elements ait "x ne of Fdeitvong rove Similan
Coleen apts. bith n (Gon) 18 oF a 4 i. electrons ® .
°
Cortiguration | Colour | Configuration | Colour,
we O £2 [eotoustes: 4
e, 6 if ne a “soma Colourtes ¢
Bw a olour less #8 Colour less
® 4% °| gren fi Pale-green
© 43 Lilone ued Ruse pink,
ee bli *
© #4 fee 4° Yellow
© 45 Yellow) ; - gellod
® 46 Plage pink. 48 pale. pinks,
@-¢? Cotbuntess ghee Colous less
Nn cme a *
x
47g => Colousless , “ean PS
Sern forbidden.
S7$ dnorsition oonich 16 Laporte forbidden
=> pole Colouw
Cet3 ond Tyr
“1 > Sd trorsition,
Shows exceptional Strom aBcorphiow
OV ester, ‘Yegon
i) fea
Koporie ~ allpuded » df = 2-3>-]
&) certs; 44' Cd? G0
Resor :
Mees GH cateso
” a
ToS: 468 54° G5? 44? sib oco
a G& half tilled
: Promotion of eketon im these two long
'S easier then otter iong ber piomobow of electron .
1H these quo long ig easier chen. other tors lot of
» 1085 oF ome e~ will give ebm. Sality of empty ov
haf tilled ghetl :
Be
4 —sd => trond and inlence
CL taporte ‘oma Spin altowded
*e +4 i
Ce > orange Yello
=> UMcT. (duct) ce
Sgt => Plood red
=> mict (duo)
77 Copley Filled =<.
Shift Beas 5
¢ B- divetone Complexes vay
ok A
Recently uses : Cu (dPm) 400 We, =
shit rey By (f, ie |
)3 Lari
200 NH2 Aas
(oo MHZ ‘A
7 ghit i aap Stonplfty he ng g
adsorption patterns witn oat
mona rot ot el (Bo) .
=> shift tele works ee ak lod temp.
Actmnides ». cag
S lest e> in Bf ovtitals.
“Th ond U one, etueall eae Rest att axe
Mon made. by nuclear wen!
“Mhostum | Monazite, —o
Sond
Oe Ore; Pitclhvlendé
N.
jo
> if 4 .
less basic ele nese hydhrotysed Suet.
Stovbty Josh of lowtharnides
ie ty oe Sa aby he,
4 eee
sn a bouat\~
a! oxidation State.
nent: Dontiguration ,
CM
™ Rin $4°¢d? 752
Pov Ron $4 ed! 462
U Rin 436d! Fg
nP Rn spice! FS>
Pu Rn Bi 6a? Fs
Am Rn sftoa® Fs>
oe Rin stted! 75>
aK Rn sf? 64° 75>
eb | Rn stat 45>
és Rn Bt ca? 45>
Fm Rv st!*ed? 18>
Md Rn S436a° 752
No Rn S$ea FS>
ke Rn sfed! FS>
af Rn sd Gd? 75>
hs
MW, w,@
uly, v,@)
M1, v,@ vi, vi
mn @y, vi, Vil
1, @), Ww,Y, VI
mi, Iv
m,!¥
_ Met
wy
nut :
wy al
Ou
wi
am
ee MAS do vot exist ™ Sou”
+
=> Moy :
Ha
maze 4 tt rey wrt, moet +240
dispropornation
7.
2Ugyr ant —> U
2
Ht vg" 4+ 210
## 45 fons ore -fund mm tne form of oxo tons.
ee 46
2+ =N=
Mo) 0
eas [ee (803),
[o—n-o"
jong ave 0 dioxo ions.
-44+b
of
(w0)g] rantnanids § hexagonal
N= & in Case ot
bi pyramid * wot Foor (cxy00)1°
CN=Q
S® fy and UCle => octahedva .
All other halides axe, poly meri C
Cy high Coordtnecton 00.)
Colowe ond Spectrar 3
Jignlen actinides => cherge Aranshew .
ond {> d torsibon .
yD
Ca. “Dat LMCT > yellows Colour _
Ut: {UO o> fog (Par) > omgame (om,
Neovier actinides => J> + teanition .
* Spectro of heavier actinides is Stenilon “40
Aonthanides
3r HH Actinides 5
td
Bt orbitals p> move di}tused thom uf
ys interacts with \gand s -. brvod peak .
and imterse.
Complex formation ability ‘(PAY
Bf => more expomaledt .
more CRA than Aonthanider
+e o®
Cp cp
U
oe ye
lorge gine,
Con accomodate.
4 large cp ligunds,
Stable (Com be
isolated )
Sre of ho
iS> Smoilen,
J. Severe
repulsion
JH0t Stone.
Cceun?t isolated )
% cp
i
ee
pe
Ad, exist
-". Com pe. isolated .
(eat
‘Solent
\
\
