 Hippocampus - it is important in the formation of specific function in the body.

INTRODUCTION TO long-term memory.

Major Types of Neurotransmitters  The Cerebrum - is man's new brain. Types of Glands
PSYCHOLOGY   Exocrine glands - secrete
CHAPTER 2: NEUROSCIENCE AND  Acetylcholine – Associated with memory, Central Maps: Functions of the Cortical Lobes substances/hormones onto an
BEHAVIOR
muscle contractions, and learning. A Lack of  Occipital lobe - where the visual area is found. epithelial surface through a duct.
acetylcholine in the brain is associated with  Parietal lobe - movements of the body parts and Examples: sweat, saliva, tears, and
Alzheimer’s disease. sensations associated with the touch, digestive juices.
NEURONS  Endorphins – Associated with emotions and temperature, pressure, and pain are directed to
 Endocrine glands- ductless glands that
 The building blocks of our nervous system.
pain perception. The body releases the somatosensory area.
endorphins in response to fear and trauma. release hormones directly into the

bloodstream.
Temporal lobe - the primary auditory area
 Capable of transmitting information  Dopamine – Associated with
thought and pleasurable feelings.
where hearing registers are found.
Examples: thyroid glands and adrenal glands
throughout the body in both chemical  Frontal lobe - register olfactory or
and electrical forms. Lack of dopamine could be associated with smell functions information.
Parkinson’s disease, while schizophrenia is  Motor Cortex - this area controls voluntary muscle
Types of Neurons Major Glands
strongly linked to excessive amounts of this movements of the mouth, shoulders, hands, legs,
1. Sensory Neurons - Carries information chemical messenger.  Hypothalamus - A region in the brain
and tongue.
from the receptor cells throughout the that regulates various bodily functions
 Cerebral Cortex - responsible for the higher-level
body to the brain. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM processes of the human brain. and controls the pituitary gland.
2. Motor Neurons - Transmit Information
 It is a complex network of nerves and cells  Association areas - most of the cerebral  Pituitary Gland - Often called the "master
from the brain to the muscles of the body. that carry messages to and from the brain and surface of the human brain. gland," it produces and regulates
3. Interneurons - Responsible for spinal cord to various parts of the body. hormones that control other glands in the
communicating information between The Nervous System has Two Divided Parts: 2 Known Areas of Cerebral Cortes Associated with endocrine system.
different neurons in the body.  Central Nervous System (CNS) - made up of Language  Thyroid - Produces hormones that
the brain and spinal cord.  Broca's Area - responsible for the regulate metabolism and influence
Basic Parts of Neurons
 Dendrites - Thin, bushy widely branching fibers  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - made use of spontaneous speech and

various physiological processes.
Parathyroid - Glands that regulate calcium
that become narrower as they spread away up of somatic and autonomic nervous motor speech control.
levels in the body, critical for bone health
from the cell body. Receive signals from systems.  Wernicke's area - responsible and nerve function.
neighboring neurons and carry them back to the Subdivisions of Peripheral Nervous System for the planning and production  Adrenal - Glands that produce
cell body.  Somatic Nervous System - transmits sensory of speech
 The cell body - Contains genetic information,
hormones involved in stress response,
information to the brain and carries out the
maintains the neuron's structure, and provides  metabolism, and electrolyte balance.
command of the brain to the skeletal muscles to
energy to drive activities. perform voluntary motor activities.   Pineal - Produces melatonin, influencing
 Axon - single fiber extending away from one  Autonomic Nervous System - responsible for the  sleep-wake cycles and other biological
side of the cell body that transmits activity to regulation of bodily processes.  rhythms.
other neurons or muscles and glands.
Subsystems of Autonomic Nervous System   Ovaries - Female reproductive glands
 Myelin sheath - Cover and protect the axon. producing hormones like estrogen and
Responsible for the rate of transmission of  Sympathetic Nervous System - dominant 
progesterone.
signaled stimulus. during moments of emergency, heightened   Testes - Male reproductive glands
emotion, pain, and physical excitement.  producing testosterone and
Synaptic Transmission
 Parasympathetic Nervous System - it calms  contributing to male sexual
down the body by decreasing heartbeat,  characteristics.
contracting skin pores, pupil and bladder,   Pancreas - Regulates blood sugar levels
strongly initiating salivation, constricting bronchi by producing insulin and glucagon, crucial

and lowering blood sugar . 
for energy metabolism.


Subdivisions of Central Nervous System
The Spinal Cord - it acts as a network
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 Key process whereby presynaptic connection between the brain and other parts
neurotransmitter release drives electrical
of the body.  The Endocrine System is made up of
 The Brain - it is the most wonderful structure of glands that make hormones. Hormones
and biochemical signals via opening of the body. It serves as the seat of all our mental
postsynaptic channels. processes.
are the body's chemical messengers.
They carry information and instructions
NEUROTRANSMITTERS Main Structures of the Brain from one set of cells to another.
 Brainstem - it constitutes the brain's oldest  The Endocrine System influences almost
and innermost region. Also called the "old every cell, organ, and function of our
 A chemical substance that is released at the bodies.
brain" or the "central core".
end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve
 Medulla - control heartbeat and breathing as well FUNCTIONS
impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or
junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to as the muscular functions associated with
swallowing, coughing, and sneezing.  Endocrine glands release hormones into the
another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to
other structure.  Cerebellum - it coordinates voluntary
movements and controls body balance. cells in other parts of the body.
 Reticular Activating System (RAS) - a network  It also helps control mood, growth and
Classification of Neurotransmitters
of neurons that controls the state of arousal. development, metabolism, and
 Excitatory - “excites” the neuron and causes it
 reproduction.
to “fire off the message,” meaning, the message The Limbic System - this part of the brain is
continues to be passed along to the next cell. linked with memory, emotions, such as fear and  The endocrine System is in charge of
 Inhibitory - block or prevent the chemical anger, and basic drives such as those for food slow body processes such as cell
message from being passed along any and sex growth.
further.  Amygdala - a cluster of neutral cells within the GLANDS
 Modulatory - Transmit messages to limbic system that influences emotional
several cells simultaneously and help to expression.
communicate with chemical transmitters.  Hypothalamus - plays a major in the initiation of
 An organ that produces and
motivated behavior. releases hormones that perform a
AGUILAR, VALDEZ, VERGARA
BS PSYCHOLOGY 1-A