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Quadratic Function Graph Transformations

Changing the values of a, h, and k in the quadratic function y = a(x-h)^2 + k affects the graph in different ways: 1) Varying a changes the opening and shape of the parabola, with positive a opening upward and negative a opening downward. Larger absolute values of a make the graph narrower. 2) Varying h translates the graph horizontally, with positive h translating right and negative h translating left. 3) Varying k translates the parabola vertically, with positive k translating up and negative k translating down.

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Chrystelle Grace Tonogan
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51 views3 pages

Quadratic Function Graph Transformations

Changing the values of a, h, and k in the quadratic function y = a(x-h)^2 + k affects the graph in different ways: 1) Varying a changes the opening and shape of the parabola, with positive a opening upward and negative a opening downward. Larger absolute values of a make the graph narrower. 2) Varying h translates the graph horizontally, with positive h translating right and negative h translating left. 3) Varying k translates the parabola vertically, with positive k translating up and negative k translating down.

Uploaded by

Chrystelle Grace Tonogan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mathematics 9

Values of a, h, and k in the Graph of Quadratic Function


Parent Functions are the function out of the group of functions that all the other functions
are derived from. They are the most basic form of function in a group.
In the quadratic functions, the parent function is in a form of y=x2. Other form of quadratic
function derived from this is the standard form y = (x-h)2 + k.
Parent Function Standard Form
2
y=x y = (x-h)2 + k
a=1
h=0 the Vertex is at (0,0)
k=0

A. Changing the value of a in y=a ( x−h )2 +k affects the direction of the opening and the shape of
the graph.
 If a> 0 , the graph opens upward .
 If a< 0 , the graph opens downward .
 If /a/ ¿ 1 ,the graph is wider thanthe graph of y=x 2 .
 If /a/ ¿ 1 ,the graph is narrower than the graph of y=x 2 .

In the graph of y=a x2 +bx +c , the larger the /a/ is, the narrower is the graph.

1. Compare the graphs of y=x 2 , y=2 x2 ∧ y=8 x 2


2
y=x ; a=1
2
y=2 x ; a=2
2
y=8 x ; a=8

The graph of y=2 x 2 is narrower than the graph of y=x 2, while the graph of y=8 x 2 is narrower than
the graph of y=2 x 2.

2. Observe the graphs of the two quadratic functions, y=4 x 2 and y= -4 x 2.


2
y=4 x a = 4 (positive) opens upward
2
y=−4 x a = -4 (negative) opens downward

y = 4x2

y = -4x2
B. Changing the value of h in y=a ( x−h )2 +k translates the graph horizontally.
 If h¿ 0 , the graph translates hunits ¿the ¿ of the origin .
 If h ¿ 0 , the graph translates hunits ¿ ¿the origin .

The graph of y=( x +1)2 is translated 1 unit to the right as compared to the graph of y
= x 2while the graph of y = (x−1)2 is translated 1 unit to the left as compared to the graph
of y=x 2

C. Changing the value of k in y=a ( x−h )2 +k translate the parabola vertically.


 If k>0, the parabola is translated k units upward.
 If k<0, the parabola is translated k units downward.

1. Observe that the graphs of y=x 2 , y=x 2+ 1,∧ y=x 2−2 are on one set of axes. The value of k
in these equations are 0, 1, and -2, respectively. The graphs are:
 all the same shape,
 all open upwards,
 all have vertex on the y-axis

y = x2+1 y = x2

y = x2-2

2. Compare the graph of the first equation to the graph of the second equation.
2
Equation 1: y=(x−2) + 1 ; k=1 (positive) upward
2
Equation 2: y=( x−1) −2 ; k=-2 (negative) downward

The graph of y=(x-2)2 + 1 is


translated 1 unit upward of the x-
axis while the graph of y=(x-1)2 -2 is
translated 2 units downward of the
x-axis. 2
y=(x−2) + 1

2
y=( x−1) −2

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