Tutorial 2: Lessons 4
CH1216B 2024
Question 1
Determine the internal energy change for a Van der Waals gas that undergoes an exothermic
reaction from 200g of glucose and expands isobarically at 400 K as a result of the formation of
gas molecules in a 10 L vessel which then triples in size. Given:
C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
Where ∆𝐻𝑓 (𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙) for C6H12O6 = -1260; O2 = 0 ; CO2 = -393.5; H2O = -242.
Where a = 0.460 Pa.m6/mol2 and b = 3.668*105 m3/mol are the average of the two products.
Ans [ 24001.40 kJ]
Question 2
A nozzle is designed with an inlet cross sectional area of 50cm3 and an outlet cross sectional
area of 10cm3. Steam ay 4 MPa and 400 ˚C enters the nozzle with a velocity of 60 m/s and
exits with a velocity of 455.48 m/s. Heat is lost from the nozzle at a rate of 854.864 kJ/s.
a) Determine the mass flow rate of the steam.
b) Determine the specific volume of the outlet steam at the exit.
c) Determine the final temperature and pressure of the steam given that Cp = 2.075
kJ/kg.K..
Ans [ a) 4.09 kg/s b) 0.1114 m3/kg c) T = 250 ˚C and P = 2 MPa ]
Question 3
A chemical process industry uses a rigid tank that contains a hot fluid. Unfortunately, the tank
is not insulated and therefore it is cooled while being stirred by a paddle wheel. Initially, the
internal energy of the fluid is 800 kJ. During the cooling process, the fluid loses 500 kJ of heat,
and the paddle wheel does 100 kJ of work on the fluid. Determine the final internal energy of
the fluid. Neglect the energy stored in the paddle wheel.
Ans [ W = 200 kJ]
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Question 4
The water in a large lake is to be used to generate electricity by the installation of a hydraulic
turbine–generator at a location where the depth of the water is 50 m. Water is to be supplied at
a rate of 5000 kg/s. If the electric power generated is measured to be 1862 kW and the generator
efficiency is 95 percent, determine
a) the overall efficiency of the turbine– generator,
b) the mechanical efficiency of the turbine.
Ans [ a) W = 76% b) W = 80% ]
Question 5
The pump of a water distribution system is powered by a 15-kW electric motor whose
efficiency is 90 percent. The water flow rate through the pump is 50 L/s. The diameters of the
inlet and outlet pipes are the same, and the elevation difference across the pump is negligible.
If the pressures at the inlet and outlet of the pump are measured to be 100 kPa and 300 kPa
(absolute), respectively, determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump.
Ans [ a) W = 74% ]
Question 6 (Combining Concepts)
A steam power plant operates between a
boiler pressure of 30 MPa and a condenser
pressure of 115 kPa. The steam from the
boiler is superheated at 500 ˚C. After
expansion in the turbine the steam exits wet
with a dryness fraction of 0.9.
Note: Stream 3 is superheated steam;
stream 4 is saturated steam; stream 1
low pressure liquid and stream 2 is high
pressure liquid
a) By applying the first law of thermodynamics, determine the power output of the
turbine.
b) Determine the power required to drive the pump
c) Determine the heat transfer to the steam generator
d) Determine the efficiency, work ratio and specific steam consumption
e) Determine the heat rejected to the cooling water
Ans [a) WT = 788.67 kJ/kg b) Wp = 20.80 kJ/kg c) Q = 1141.29 kJ/kg
d) = 53% ]
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