EAPP REVIEWER

ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURE

- defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals
in a given field using formal language.
FORMAL
- it is formal by avoiding casual or conversational language, such as contractions
or informal vocabulary.
OBJECTIVE (IMPERSONAL)
- it is impersonal and objective by avoiding direct reference to people or feelings,
and instead emphasizing objects, facts and ideas.
TECHNICAL
- it is technical by using vocabulary specific to the discipline.
LITERARY ANALYSIS
- a literary analysis essay examines, evaluates and makes an argument about a
literary work.
RESEARCH PAPER
- a research paper uses outside information to support a thesis or make an
argument. Research papers are written in all disciplines and may be evaluative,
analytical or critical in nature.
DISSERTATION
- a dissertation (or thesis) is a document submitted at the conclusion of a Ph.D.
program. The dissertation is a book length summarization of the doctoral
candidate’s research.
STRUCTURE
- is an important feature of academic writing.

THREE PARTS OF ESAY STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION
THE BODY
CONCLUSION
THE IMRAD STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
DISCUSSION

NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT

STRUCTURE – the basic structure that is used by an academic text is consist of three
parts, introduction, body and conclusion which is formal and logical.
TONE- this refers to the attitude conveyed in a piece of writing.
LANGUAGE- it is important to use unambiguous language.
CITATION- citing sources in the body of the paper and providing a list of reference as
either footnotes or endnotes is a very important aspects of an academic text.
COMPLEXITY- an academic text addresses complex issues that require higher-order
thinking skills to comprehend.
THESIS-DRIVEN- the starting point of an academic text is a particular perspective, idea
or position applies to the chosen research problem, such as establishing, proving or
disproving solutions to the questions posed for the topic.

FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXT 1. COMPLEX

- Written language has no longer words, it is lexically more varied vocabulary.
2. FORMAL
- Should avoid colloquial words and expressions.
3. PRECISE
- Facts are given accurately and precisely.
4. OBJECTIVE
- Mostly use nouns (adjectives), rather than verbs (adverbs).
5. EXPLICIT
- It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how
the various parts of text are related.
6. ACCURATE
- Uses vocabulary accurately
7. HEDGING
- It is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject, or
the strength of the claims you are making.
 8. RESPONSIBLE
- You must be responsible for and must be able to provide evidence and
justification for any claim you make.
9. ORGANIZE
- Well-organized
10. PLAN
- Well-planned

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN WRITING ACADEMIC TEXT

• STATE CRITICAL QUESTIONS AND ISSUES
• PROVIDE FACTS AND EVIDENCE FROM CREDIBLE SOURCES
• USE PRECISE AND ACCURATE WORDS WHILE AVOIDING JARGON
• TAKE AN OBJECTIVE POINT OF VIEW
• LIST REFERENCES
• USE CAUTIOUS LANGUAGE

LANGUAGE USE IN ACADEMIC WRITING

ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
- It represents the language demands of school (academics).
- Includes language used in textbooks in classrooms, on tests and in each
discipline
OBJECTIVE- avoid people or personal or direct reference to feelings
TECHNICAL- use vocabulary specific to the discipline
FORMAL- avoid casual or conversational such as contractions and informal vocabulary

ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES READING STRATEGY

- It is the broad term used to describe the planned and explicit actions that help
readers translate print to meaning.
READING STRATEGIES 1. SKIMMING
- focus on the main ideas of a text
- preview of the whole thing
2. PREDICTIING
- use existing knowledge about the topic
- think about what you can learn from the topic
3. SCANNING
- FIND – find keywords, symbols, statistics in a text
- FOCUS – focus on small parts of the text
- AVOID- avoid reading every word of the text
- UNDERLINE/CIRCLE – important information
4. INDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
- what are main points the writer is making
- underline key terms/annotate in the margin of the text
5. INDENTIFYING SUPPORTING IDEAS
- look out for evidence and examples
6. VOCABULARY ATTACK
- maintain vocabulary list
7. SUMMARIZING
- summarize in your own words

PURPOSE OF READING
• To scan for specific information
• To skim to get an overview of the text
• To relate new content to existing knowledge
• To write something (often depends on a prompt)

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS

SUMMARIZING
- According to Buckley (2004), summarizing is reducing text to one-third or
onequarter its original size, clearly articulating the author’s meaning and
retaining main ideas.
- According to Diane Hacker (2008), summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis
and main ideas (simply, briefly and accurately)
THESIS STATEMENT
- A controlling idea about the topic that the writer is attempting to prove. -
Central idea of multiple paragraph composition.
- Focuses on your ideas into one or two sentences

WHY DO WE HAVE TO WRITE A THESES STATEMENT?

- To test your ideas by narrowing them into a sentence or two.
- To better organize and develop argument
LOCATING EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT THESIS STATEMENT
- In academic writing the thesis is often EXPLICIT; it is included as a sentence as
part of the text.
- Journalism and reporting also rely on EXPLICIT thesis statement
- Works of literature usually do not contain a specific sentence that sums up the
core concept of the writing, this is what we called IMPLICIT.

OUTLINING- is a tool we use in the writing process to help organize our ideas,
visualize our paper’s potential structure, and to further flesh out and develop points.
ORGANIZING YOUR IDEA IN AN OUTLINE
●Begin by answering the question that leads to your thesis statement.
●Use the two or three main ideas from this technique as your main heading.
●Write subtopics for each main idea.
●Write the supporting details for each of the subtopics
USE VARIOUS OUTLINES BASED ON THE STRUCTURE YOU PREFER
Sentence Outline
Topic Outline
Paragraph Outline

CRITICAL APPROACHES IN WRITING A CRITIQUE

A critique is a genre of academic writing that briefly summarizes and critically
evaluates a work or concept.
APPROACHES IN CRITIQUING ACADEMIC TEXT
Formalism – is a critical approach in which the text under discussion is considered
primarily in the meaning and the implications of the words.
Feminism – This approach is concerned with the ways in which the text reinforces or
undermines the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women.
How to Write a Critique
- Study the work under discussion.
- Take notes on key parts of the work.
- Develop an understanding of the main argument or purpose being expressed in
the work.
- Consider how the work relates to a broader issue or context.

VARIETY OF WAYS TO STRUCTURE A CRITIQUE

1. INTRODUCTION - It is short (less than 10% of the critique length) and you should
describe the main argument or purpose of the work in here.
2. BODY - the body of the critique should give a systematic and detailed
assessment of the different elements of the work, evaluating how well the author
was able to achieve the purpose through these.
3. CONCLUSION - a very brief paragraph, which includes a statement indicating the
overall evaluation of the work.

What is balanced/objective review or criticism?

- It is a systematic way of considering the truthfulness of a piece of work.