What is Diversity?

*** Faith healer

Effects:
▪ The view that disability as a sin/curse could cause isolation to the
person or the entire family
▪ The view that disability as a blessing becomes the ticket to heaven or
an opportunity for character development
2. Biomedical/Individual Model
Perspectives:
A. PWDs as people who are ill and meant to be treated or “made
more normal”
B. disability is a defect on the individual’s body system, a
consequence of a health condition, disease, or trauma c. the
individual is the problem
C. it considers disability as a “glitch” that needs assessment and
Loden’s Wheel of Diversity fixing
1. Primary/Core Dimension *** A Charitable Model of Disability will think that the person who
- characteristics that we were born with; characteristics we cannot walk needs special charity services. A lot of the time these are
developed with the people we grew up with or interacted different services than the services used by non-disabled people. These
with. could be services such as day centers instead of work.
- it is established and least likely to change Effects:
- Core dimensions: Principles, sense of self, our image, - PWDs are limited, and are less likely to succeed
perceptions, and how we think about others - It pushes the notion that those ‘without disabilities’ are superior
- Core elements: age, ethnicity, gender, physical - People with disabilities are expected to avail themselves of the
abilities/qualities, sexual orientation, race, income, class, services ‘offered’, ‘created’, programmed f or them by people with no
spiritual beliefs disability
2. Secondary Dimension
- The outer circle, characteristics that are part of our social
identity, but they can change or be discarded as life
experiences impact us. They are influenced by people we
interacted with, places we live, and experiences we go
through.
- Dimensions: Geographical location, civil status, religious
beliefs, parental status, income, education, work experience,
family status, work experience, and communication styles.
Loden's 4 Management Principles in the Global Context (RICR)
1. Respect-Treating others the way they wish to be treated
2. Inclusion- making certain that everyone on the team is truly 3. The Functional/Rehabilitation Model
part of the team's decision-making process Perspectives:
3. Cooperation- actively helping others succeed rather than A. Focused on individuals who acquired disability
competing or attempting to one-up someone B. It sees individuals with disability/impairment as deficit and
4. Responsibility- managing one's behavior to maintain a needs therapy, counseling, or rehabilitation
diverse-positive environment and questioning inappropriate Effects:
behavior when it occurs. - PWDs were deemed different and deficient
Ability and Disability as a Dimension of Diversity - Segregated and refused of opportunities in school and workplace
The dilemma of diversity in a classroom setup - Physical and occupational therapy became prevalent
MODELS OF DISABILITY 4. Social Model - coined by Mike Oliver
1. Moral/Religious model Perspectives:
Perspectives A. People have impairments but this should not be the reason for
A. having a family member with a disability is a form of discrimination in a field
punishment from God, a form of atonement for the sin that B. People with impairments were “disabled” by the barriers in
was committed (this was refuted by Jesus, John 9:2-3) society
B. it is a blessing that the family are the one could bear or care Effects:
for - It serves as a guide that points out the barriers the society has for
C. a test of faith and an opportunity to redeem oneself through people with impairment (legislations)
endurance, resilience, and piety - it shows how to get rid of these barriers and how to give support to
Example: In the Bible, those with leprosy were considered unclean. eliminate the barriers
Others who were described as demonically possessed could have been - it points out that the society is the cause of disability for impaired
someone with schizophrenia individuals
IMPORTANT BARRIERS FROM A SOCIAL MODEL WAY OF
THINKING
i. Attitudinal barrier
These are barriers that come from the way that people think
about Disabled people (thinking that some people with
impairments can’t work, can’t be independent, can’t have sex,
shouldn’t have children, need looking after)
i. Physical barriers
These are barriers that stop people from getting around and
out and about (stairs and steps, corridors that are not wide
enough, curbs, houses and toilets that are not accessible, bad
lighting, not enough places to sit and broken lifts)
ii. Information and Communication Barriers
These are barriers that come up when information and
communication are not accessible. (sign language
interpreters, hearing induction loops, no easy read format).
5. Rights-based model and Twin track approach
Perspectives:
A. emphasized the human dignity of PWDs
B. Recognized the vulnerability of PWDs by upholding policies
and safeguarding their identities
Effects:
- Ensures that efforts are intended to the realization of each learner’s
right to education
- Four (4) key factors:
a. the government as duty-bearers, 2. the child as the right holder, 3.
the parents not only as duty-bearers but also as representatives of the
child, and 4. the teachers, both as rights-holders and duty-bearers
TWIN TRACK APPROACH- a combination of the social model and
rights-based model
* Allowing the students with special needs in the mainstream, yet be
given opportunities for disability-specific programs in case of
additional support