PATHFIT 104

NATURE-DEFICIT DISORDER Activities includes:

- The combined psychological, physical, and  Obstacle Course (park, school, backyard)
cognitive costs we suffer due to our alienation from  Biking, bikepacking, bike-to-hike, hike a bike
nature, especially affecting children in vulnerable  Forest Bathing (Shinrin Yoku: The Art of
developing years. Japanese Forest Bathing)
Causes - practice of walking slowly through the
 parental fears woods, in no hurry, for a morning, an
 restricted access to natural areas afternoon or a day. It is a practice that
 increasing consumption of electronic media involves all the senses and as you gently
Costs walk and breathe deeply, the essential oils
 attention and mood disorders and have an extraordinary effect on stress
 lower grades levels, positive feelings, energy levels and
 obesity even promote the activity of anticancer cells
 limited respect for the environment and the balancing of blood sugar levels and
What can we do? blood pressure.
 Go Wild  Outdoor Yoga/ Meditation, Green Fitness,
 Ignite children’s interest in the outdoors Outdoor/ Landscape Photography, Hiking
 Encourage nature exploration
FOUR MAIN ELEMENTS
THE BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR PLAY 1. Educational learning is the main focus.
 Children move more, sit less, and play – Making the whole experience as educational
longer. as possible. Making advantages of every
 Kids learn to balance risky play and their situation as part of the learning process and
own safety. teaching the students.
 Active lifestyle associated with improved
blood pressure, cardio respiration, and 2. Utilizing natural outdoor environment.
musculoskeletal fitness. – Using natural outdoor environment as a venue
 Increased resilience, self-regulation, and of the different activities serves as a key element
skills for dealing with stress. in the education process.
 Promotes weight loss, reduces arthritis pain,
lowers blood pressure 3. Elements of Risk
 Lower the risk of diabetes, certain cancers, – it can be real and natural to any given activity
osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. or (mis)perceived by participants in a safe
 Reduces stress, anxiety, and depression activity.
 Improves confidence and self-esteem
4. Uncertain Outcomes
Outdoor Activities – Factors such as environment, students
- undertaken outside the confines of buildings and capabilities and differences, weather, and alike.
may require outdoor areas of predominantly
unmodified natural landscape. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 Experiential Learning
Outdoor Recreation - Dewey’s (1997) progressive views of an
- Physical activity in outdoors or natural settings, education where the learner was the center of
which provides opportunities to connect individually, the experience, was the foundation of
in small groups or as a community to the outdoor experiential education.
environment.  Constructivism
- Views learning as a process where
Suggested Activities knowledge is constructed by the learner
 Mga Larong Pinoy through teacher directed instruction (Vygotsky,
 Backyard Camping, Outdoor Cooking, Knot 1978).
Tying
 Orienting (School, Home, within the vicinity)
 Walk with your pet, kite flying FIRST AID AND RISK MANAGEMENT
 Nature Walk, Field Trip, Bird Watching URBAN FIRST AID
 Star Gazing, Sunset/Sunrise Viewing, Immediate care given to an injured or ill person until
Environmental acts a medical professional can assume responsibility.
Adventure Activities Note:
- loosely defined as one that entails risk greater In Standard First Aid trainings, we are being trained
than the norm, and many include difficult travel. as if definitive care is only MINUTES away.
Adventure Note:
- pursuit in an outdoor setting with an educational
 Information presented here are only
context
GENERAL GUIDELINES.
- involves uncertainty of outcome, tasks connected
with interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships.
PATHFIT 104
 We are not physicians. but we find these According to the Article 12 no. 4 of Act No. 3815 of
approaches useful during unavoidable risks the Philippine Revised Penal Code Book One
in the outdoor.
 For medical information, always advise from "Any person who, while performing a lawful act with
seek medical professionals. due care, causes an injury by mere accident
without fault or intention of causing it is exempt
WILDERNESS FIRST AID from criminal liability.
Assessment of and treatment given to an injured or
ill person in a remote environment where definitive LEGAL CONCERNS
care by a health care professional and/or rapid CONSENT (PERMISSION)
transport are not readily available. 1. Expressed consent
2. Implied Consent
NOTE: 3. Involuntary Consent
First aid supplies and equipment needed for 4. Minor and Consent
treatment may have to be IMPROVISED from what
is available, and communication with professional FORCIBLE RETRAINT
medical responders may be limited or nonexistent. This is sometimes used to aggresive or active
person who is in need of aid but is giving a great
NOTE: risk of danger to everyone on-site Mental instability,
 Information presented here are only influence of drugs, and medical conditions such as
GENERAL GUIDELINES. head injury can be considered in this situation.
 We are not physicians but we find these People from law enforcement units such as
approaches useful during unavoidable risks policemen are the authorize personnels that can
in the outdoor. For medical information, restrain the person provided that medical
always advise from seek medical personnels were also consulted first prior to the
professionals. said action.

OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID CONFIDENTIALITY

 Preserve Life Any information about the person or any details of
 Alleviate Suffering the situation are considered exclusive between the
patient and the first aider unless there is a court
 Prevent further Injury
order or permission given by the person involved.
 Promote Recovery
*Data Privacy Act
Q AND A
 He is in deep pain.Can I give medicine to STANDARD OF CARE
the patient?
answer: NO. Having a medicine in your first aid kit It is how you act or behave toward other individuals
can be beneficial but only for your personal use. that is guided by the law regardless of the situation
is. You need to consider the safety and welfare of
 Negative pulse and no breathing. Can a first others even if there are instances that your
aider declare that a person is dead? behavior is being challenge to inflict harm to others.
answer: NO. A first aider can only report that there
is an irreversible sign of death. DUTY TO ACT
It is how you are being responsible to provide aid.
 A drunk driver keeps on resisting help and This is applicable if:
been acting really aggressive despite of (1) you are charged with emergency medical
having continuous bleeding on his forehead. response or
Can I restrain him to administer first aid? (2) your job stated that you must render aid in any
answer: NO. First, police personnels are the only emergency.
authorized people to restrain the drunkard
NEGLIGENCE
 Can a CPR still effective without mouth- to- This is when a first aider failed to apply the
mouth? standard care that he needs to provide according to
answer: YES. We have hands-only- CPR that is his level of training. This can result to further injury
being perform without mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to the patient.
and it is still effective.
ABANDONMENT
BFAK (Basic First Aid Kit) Once that a first aider received the consent from
"Put something you know, not just something you the patient and started applying aid, it is already his
need." duty to provide standard care to the person.
Abandonment happens when the first aider
BFAK (Info Card) terminated the aid he is giving to the patient without
Have it at all times. Accidents will happen when you proper consent or turnover to authorize medical
least expecting it." personnels.

LEGAL CONCERNS ASSAULT, BATTERY, & KIDNAPPING

PATHFIT 104
ASSAULT is defined as unlawfully placing a person Answer: NO. Sucking the venom out of the wound
in fear or immediate bodily harm. This happens caused by a snake bite can promote more
when a first aider threatened to restrain patient who circulation of blood in the affected area, thus, will
does not want to be transported. make the effect of the venom faster. Instead of
doing this, try to immobilize the victim and make
BATTERY is defined as unlawfully touching a him calm to slows down the spread of the venom.
person. This happens when you provide Only an anti- venom can go against a venom
emergency care without the patient's consent.
 Can I just jump in the water to save a
KIDNAPPING is the seizing, confining, abducting, drowning person?
or carrying away of a person by force. Example is Answer: NO. "Reach, Throw, Row, Go" means that
this is transporting the patient to a medical facility although that can be done, that must be the last
against his will. resort in saving a panicking person from drowning
so that you will not drown with him.
PRIORITIZATION IN FIRST AID
 SELF COMMON OUTDOOR INJURIES
 OTHERS A. Musculoskeletal Injuries
 COMMUNITY  Sprain. A more serious form of muscle strain
that occur when joints are twisted that damaged
not just muscled and tendons but also ligaments.
Patient Assessment  Strain. A stretched or tear in muscle fiber or
Survey the scene (Danger) tendons
 Check the danger  Fracture. Is any type of break on the bone.
 Introduction  Dislocation. The bone is not on its normal
 Level of Responsiveness Primary Survey position
 Wound
Primary Survey (LOC/ABCDE) Abrasion - Gasgas
 Airway Breathing Avulsion - Wakwak
 Circulation Incision - Hiwa
 Disability Laceration - Laslas
 Environment Puncture - Tusok

Secondary Survey SAMPLE/Vital Signs/RTA TO DO:

 SAMPLE Rest Ice Compression Elevation
 Vital Signs
AVOID:
 Head-to-toe Assessment
• Heat
• Alcohol
Hands-only CPR
• Running
1. PROPER CPR POSITION
• Massage
2. 100-120 COMPRESSIONS
3. NOT TOO HARD, NOT TOO FAST
B. Animal Bites
4. CONTINUOUS COMPRESSION
 Snake Bite.
If bitten, keep victim calm and lying down, if
 When nosebleeding, can I tilt the head
possible, to maintain slowest possible heart rate.
back?
Remove any jewelry near the bite. Mark the
Answer: NO. Tilting your head back can promote
bite with a pen or marker and write the time.
choking and nausea as a result of the blood going
Immobilize the bitten part. Treat it as a
to the airways or digestive tract. You just need to
fracture. Only treatment to snake bites is anti-
pinch the nostril and apply cold compress in the
venom.
nose bridge to lessen the bleeding until the
bleeding stops.  Insect Bite
A severe allergic reaction called
anaphylaxis, is potentially life threatening.
 When I got a sprained ankle, is it necessary
Unless prescribed epinephrine fi 17/25
to get a bottle with hot water and roll it with
allergic reactions animal stings.
your injured foot to ease the pain?
Administering oral antihistamine is your
Answer: NO. Never roll a bottle with hot water in a
defense against allergic reactions in the
sprained ankle. In this injury, there are tendons and
wilderness
ligaments that are being torn and applying warm
compress using hot water can promote more
internal bleeding. Rolling a bottle can also promote  Leeches (limatik)
swelling. Imagine a wound being massaged. That is Do not pull them from your skin! Apply flame
how it happens or alcohol instead.
Use a card or your finger tip and slide
beneath its sucker, until it loosen its suction.
 When bitten by a snake, can I suck the
blood out of the wound to remove the
venom?
PATHFIT 104
Once full, they will automatically retract and
will let go of you. There will be no significant  DROWNING
blood loss. Donate some for them. A suffocation by being submerge in the
water. "Reach, Throw, Row, Go"
 Jelly Fish Sting.
An encounter with Jelly fish and having  ALLERGIES
contact with its tentacles which consists of This is an abnormal reaction of the immune
thousands of very tiny stingers called system against a foreign object called
nematocysts. "allergens".
The deadliest jelly fish in the world is the  ASTHMA
"box- jellyfish" which is very common in tropical It is a respiratory condition when your
countries like the Philippines. airways tighten, swell, or shrink and become
Wash the affected area with seawater (not clogged by mucous, which makes it difficult for
fresh water). If there is a visible tentacles, the air to travel to your lungs. "Asthma Action
remove it with tweezers. Plan"
Apply vinegar or alcohol to stop the spread
of more nematocysts
To relieve pain, apply calamine lotion or DRESSING, BANDAGES, AND TRANSFER
hydrocortisone cream to the infected area or Difference between Emergency Transfer and
take pain reliever orally. Rescue
To relieve itchiness, take antihistamine. EMERGENCY RESCUE
Bring the person to a medical facility to avail This is a procedure of moving a victim from a
antivenin to reverse the effects of the jellyfish dangerous place to a safe place.
venom.
EMERGENCY TRANSFER
COMMON MEDICAL AND EMERGENCY
This is a procedure of moving a victim from a safe
CONDITION
place to a safer place
 COLD EMERGENCIES/ HYPOTHERMIΑ
Potentially drop of body temperature
Core body temperature of 35degree C. Introduction to Camping and Other Related
The person is ambulatory. Activities
1. Remove wet clothes/add extra layers Camping is a recreational activity in which
available participants take up temporary residence in the
2. Get the person off the ground. outdoors, usually using tents or specially designed
3. If capable, eat warm sweet water and nutrition or adapted vehicles for shelter.
4. Create vapor wrap using sleeping bags if
available. space blankets, etc 10 benefits of Camping
5. Warm the core using water bottles, body heat, 1. Promotes Family Bonding
but not the extremities. 2. Increases Self-Confidence
6. Request evacuation if rewarming is not
3. Encourages an Appreciation for Nature
possible on field. They are not dead until they are
4. Enhances Problem Solving Skills
"warm and dead".
5. Fosters a Healthy Lifestyle
 HOT EMERGENCIES/ HEAT CRAMPS 6. Exposure to Scientific and Innovative Concepts
Pain, involuntary muscle spasms that 7. Increased Self-Awareness
usually occur during heavy exercise in hot 8. Exposes People to New Challenges and
environments. Adventures
Treatment: 9. Creates New Friendships
Apply ice. 10. Improves Creativity
Stretch the involve muscle
Replenish body fluids Types of Camping
PROXIMITY to the road access
 HEART ATTACK/ Myocardial Infarction FRONT COUNTRY
It is when the blood flow in the heart gets front country camping is when you drive
blocked, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply. somewhere and pitch your tent near your car.
 STROKE
BACKCOUNTRY
It is when the blood flow of the brain gets
blocked (ischemic) or ruptureD (hemorrhagic), occurs away from road access, and typically
thus, resulted to an insufficient oxygen supply. requires some element of human power to access

 HYPERTENSION TYPE of Land

It is when your systolic (the pressure in your PUBLIC MANAGED LAND
arteries when your heart beats) and diastolic National/Provincial Parks
(the pressure in your arteries when your heart
rests between beats) reaches 140/90mm Hg. WILD / FREEDOM
PATHFIT 104
occurs outside national/provincial/state parks and  Emergency Hotlines
that usually means it is free.
Identify and gather your camping essentials
PRIVATE CAMPGROUND
campgrounds that are owned privately Never forget first-aid and risk management plan
 ID
Nature/Activity  Emergency Nos. - Guide - LGU/Bgry. –
TENT CAMPING Hospital Police Station
camping using a tent pitch on the ground
CAR CAMPING Go for a test drive
means that you load up all of your gear for the trip
in your car, pull into your campsite, and set up your Things to Consider
tent on a designated tent pad  Consider government protocols and other
environmental considerations
HAMMOCK CAMPING  Allot time and effort in choosing your
a form of camping in which a camper sleeps in a destination
suspended hammock  Make your trip short but Sweet
 Prepare travel itinerary
GLAMPING
 Identify and gather your camping essentials
"glamorous" and "camping" , and describes a style
 Never forget first-aid and risk management
of camping with amenities
plan
BACKPACKING/ HIKING  Go for a test drive
usually backcountry camping.
PRACTICAL TIPS
BICYCLE/BIKE CAMPING 1. Begin with a small step
combination of bikepacking and camping 2. Provide enough time to set-up your campsite and
enough time to decamp
SURVIVALIST/BUSHCRAFT CAMPING 3. Bring your food you love
extreme form of outdoor adventure where you are 4. Consider taking advantage of side trips
dropped off in some remote wilderness with only (historical Sites)
minimal kit and your wits to survive 5.Follow leave no trace and environmentally
sustainable camping
SKY CAMPING 6. Practice camping etiquette
7. Visit Youtube university
PLANNING AND PREPARATION 8. Join reputable group or organizations
Consider government protocols and other
environmental considerations
 Wildlife
 Weather
 Scenery

Allot time and effort in choosing your

destinations
·How far away is it?
·What facilities are there?
·What things are there to do?
·How popular is it?

Make your trip short but Sweet

Keep the distance you travel short so you have
time to enjoy being at the campsite.
 Day Camp
 Overnight Stay
 2 Nights Camp

Prepare travel itinerary

 ETD
 ETA
 ASL
 Contact Person