ABDUL-RAHMAN AL-SUMAIT UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE
EXPERIMENT NUMBER: 02
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: VOLUMETRIC DETERMINATION OF
CONCETRATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE
COURSE NAME: PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.
COURSE CODE: CH 113.
NAME OF SUPERVISE: MR. MUHSIN JUMA SAID.
NAME OF LECTURE: MR. SALIM ABDALLAH SLEMY.
DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 22/11/ 2023
PARTICIPANT MEMBERS:
NAME OF PERTICIPANTS REG NO SGNATURE
DAUDI ALI USSI 23/PC/019
SHABANI RAMADHAN MAKAME 23/CG/014
AISHA HAMAD ALI 23/PC/018
EXPERIMENT NO: 2
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT:
VOLUMETRIC DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE
SOLUTION
ABSTRACT:
The aim of this experiment was to determine the strength of a given Solution of sodium
hydroxide which was titrate against standard solution of sulphuric acid by using phenopthalein
indicator. Also different apparatus and chemicals were used as well as procedures that
involved in the preparation of sulphuric acid.Neutralization reaction was taken place during
the titration of sodium hydroxide against sulphuric acid solution which was achieved by adding
drops of phenolpthalein indicator which was changed into colorless solution as sign of
complete reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
H 2 SO 4 ( aq ) +2 NAOH ( aq ) Na2 SO 4 (aq)+2 H 2O( l).
AIM OF EXPERIMENT:
To determine of the concentration of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it with
solution of sulphuric acid as a result of neutralization reaction.
THEORY AND HYPOTHESIS:
The experiment was performed by titrating strong acid of sulphuric acid solution against strong
base of sodium hydroxide using phenopthalein indicator. The reaction
H 2 SO 4 ( aq ) +2 NaOH ( aq ) Na2 SO 4 ( aq ) +2 H 2 O ( l )
Thus,
Sulphuric acid solution prepared was standard solution which was used to standardize the
sodium hydroxide solution. According to chemical reaction one mole of sulphuric acid combine
with two moles of sodium hydroxide solution to form one mole of sodium sulphate and two
moles of water.
APPARATUS USED:
Burette
Pipette
Conical flask
Burette stand
Funnel
Measuring cylinder
Dropper
REAGENTS USED:
Sulphuric acid
Sodium hydroxide solution
Phenolpthaleinindicator
PROCEDURES:
Firstly,
Preparation of 0.1M of sulphuric acid solution
(a) It was inserted in the burette up to the zero marker
(b) It was started by addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the conical flask.
(c) Addition of drops of phenolpthalein indicator in conical flask containing sodium hydroxide
solution.
(d) During titration, there was shaking of conical flask so as to ensure the rate
Of chemical reaction increase.
(e) Record the volume of sulphuric acid solution during titration and repeat this
Procedures at least four times in order to get more data or results.
PRECAUTION:
(a) While weighing, measure exactly mass of strong sulphuric acid in watch class.
(b) Wash the watch glass carefully so that even single crystal is not left on
the watch glass.
(c) Bring the watch glass close to funnel while transferring weighed
Substance and transfer it gently. Wash it repeatedly with water.
(d) Wash the burette with water after titration is over.
(e) Lastly, few drops of phenolphthalein indicator should be added so as
To avoidmisunderstanding of disappearing of color during titration.
OBSERVATION:
In this experiment, the pink color was observed once after addition of
Phenolphthalein indicator in the conical flask containing sodium hydroxide solution. then sodium
hydroxide solution was titrated against sulphuric acid solution in such a way that the pink color
was disappeared and Colorless solution was observed.
RESULTS:
Table of results
TABLE OF RESULT
TITRATION PILOT i ii iii
READING
Final reading (cm3) 10.50 10. 40 10. 30 10.30
Initial reading(cm3) 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00
Volume used (cm3) 10.50 10. 40 10. 30 10.30
V 1+V 2+V 3
Average volume used ( cm3)=¿
3
10.4+10.3+10.3
=
3
= 10.30cm3
The balanced chemical reaction equation
H 2 SO 4 ( aq ) +2 NaOH ( aq ) Na2 SO 4 ( aq ) +2 H 2 O ( l )
Hence,
Mole ratio = 1:2
Now,
Required to calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide solution.
Whereby;
Molarity of acid(Ma) = 0.1M
Voiume of acid(Va) = 10.30cm3
Volume of base (Va)= 25.00cm3
Molarity of base( Mb) = ?
Recall from
MaVa na
¿
MbVb nb
MaVanb
Mb = Vbna
0.1 M ×10.3 cm 3× 2
25 cm3 ×1
= 0.08M
Now;
From balanced chemical equation
H 2 SO 4 ( aq ) +2 NaOH ( aq ) Na2 SO 4 ( aq ) +2 H 2 O ( l )
1mole of H2SO4 = 2mole of NaOH
0.1moles of H2SO4 = X
0.1 mole ×2 mole
X = 1 mole
= 0.2 mole of NaOH
Now;
Molar mass of NaOH = 23+16+1
= 40glmol
Thus,
Mass(m)
Number of mole of NaOH (n) ¿
Molar mass ( Mr)
Mass (m) = number of mole (n) ×molar mass (Mr.)
= 0.2m0l×40glmol
= 8g
Hence,
Concentration of NaOH was obtained as;
Mass(g)
Concentration =
Volume(dm3)
8g
= 0.25 dm3 = 32g/dm3
Therefore ; the concentration of sodium hydroxide NaOH=32 g/mol .
DISCUSSION:
In this experiment ,titration involved the strong acid and strong base which are sulphuric acid
and sodium hydroxide solution as seen above, different procedures were followed and finally the
result obtained which was 10.30cm3 .therefore; 10.30cm3 of sulphuric acid solution required to
neutralize 25cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution. On the other hand the concentration of sodium
hydroxide solution was high than that of sulphuric acid solution.
Eventhough ; the result were obtained ,there was some errors which were taken place
during the experiment ,those errors include ;
Apparatus errors, some apparatus sometime contain impurities that was reduce the rate of
chemical reaction.
Parallax errors , this occur during reading volume on the burette.
Measurement errors , This occur due to inability to calibrate the instrument.
CONCLUSION:
From the above experiment, the neutralization reaction was taken place between sulphuric acid
and sodium hydroxide solution after titration .thus hypothesis was proved because at the end of
experiment the result were as experiment.
REFERENCES:
Hoffman, A.H. (2010) .Scientific writing and communication. Oxford: Oxford university press.
University of Salford (2012).Study Basic guide: Research projects and Report writing.
Matthews, J.R. And Matthew R.W. (2008). Successful Scientific Writing (3 rdEd) Cambridge
University Press
