UNIT 4
Module 1
FORCE – is a push or a pull upon an object resulting from
the objects interaction with another object.
MOTION – an object changes its position with respect to
time
- mathematically described in terms of
displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration,
speed.
• What is the difference between distance and displacement?
• What is speed? Velocity?
• What is the difference between speed and velocity?
• What is acceleration?
Watch the video presentation on :
a. Distance and displacement
b. Speed & velocity
c. Acceleration
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
Usually, acceleration means the speed is
changing, but not always. When an object
moves in a circular path at a constant speed, it
is still accelerating, because the direction of its
velocity is changing.
Distance, Displacement, Speed & Velocity
Average velocity & Acceleration
m/s
mi/hr
Problem 1: A man walks 7 km in 2 hours and 2 km in 1 hour in the same direction.
a) What is the man's average speed for the whole journey?
b) What is the man's average velocity for the whole journey?
Solution to Problem 1:
a.) 7 km + 2
average distance km 9 km
= = = 3 km/h
speed = time 2 hours + 3 hours
1 hour
b.) 7 km + 2
average displace
km 9 km
velocity ment = = = 3 km/h
2 hours + 3 hours
= time
Problem 2: A man walks 7 km East in 2 hours and then 2.5 km West in 1 hour.
a) What is the man's average speed for the whole journey?
b) What is the man's average velocity for the whole journey?
Solution to Problem 2:
a)
= 3.2 km/h
7 km + 2.5
(approxima
average km 9.5 km
distance = = ted to the
speed = 2 hours + 1 3 hours
time nearest
hour
tenth)
b)
7 km - 2.5
displaceme
average km 4.5 km
nt = = = 1.5 km/h
velocity = 2 hours + 1 3 hours
Time
hour
Question 1: A car is moving from rest and attained a velocity of 80 m/s. Calculate the acceleration of the car after 5 s?
Solution:
a = vf−vi
t
Given :
vf = 80 m/s , vi = 0 m/s , t = 5s
a = 80m/s – 0m/s
−05
= 16m/s2
Question 2: Determine the acceleration of a coaster which moves with a velocity of 10 m/s, after 2s its velocity is
increases to 26 m/s.
Solution:
The given parameters are
vf = 26m/s , vi = 10 m/s , t = 2 s
a = vf−vi
t
a = 26m/s−10m/s
2
= 8 m/s2
MOTION – an object changes its position with
respect to time
All motion is either uniform or
non-uniform motion
NON-UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION
The acceleration is not uniform
Change of non equal velocity in equal
intervals of time
UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION
• If a body maintains a constant change
in its velocity in a given time interval
along a straight line.
UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION
1. Horizontal Dimension – If an object is under
constant acceleration and moves on the x-
axis plane.
2. Vertical Dimension – If an object is under
constant acceleration and moves on the Y-
axis plane.
The Five Uniform Equations
HORIZONTAL DIMENSION
The motion of an object with constant velocity is
described by three variables and one equation.
Variables : Equation :
v = velocity ( m/s) v = d/t
d = displacement ( m)
t = time (s)
The motion of an object with constant acceleration is
described by five variables and five equations
Variables :
Vf = final velocity (m/s)
Vi = initial velocity (m/s)
d = displacement (m)
a = acceleration (m/s²)
t = time (s)
The five uniform acceleration equations :
• a = Vf – Vi d = DC (don’t care)
t
• Vf2 = Vi2 + 2ad t = DC
• d = Vit + ½ at2 Vf = DC
• d = Vf + - ½ at2 Vi = DC
• d = Vf + Vi t a = DC
2
You can tell which formula to use in a problem by
deciding which variable the problem doesn’t use - DC
Example #1: An airplane from rest accelerates on a runway
at 5.50 m/s² for 20.25 s until it finally takes off
the ground. What is the distance covered
before takeoff?
Given : d=?
a = 5.50 m/s² Vf = DC
t = 20.25 s
vi = 0 m/s Formula #3
d = vit + ½ at2
d = ( 0 m/s) (20.25s) +(0.5) (5.50 m/s2) ( 20.25s )
d= 1127 .67 m
A jeepney from rest accelerates uniformly over a time of
3.25s and covers a distance of 15m. Determine the
acceleration of the jeepney
d=vit+½ at2
Given :
15m= (0m/s)(3.25s) + ½ a(3.25s)2
Vi = 0 m/s
15m= 0 m/s² + ½ (10.56s2)a
d= 15 m
15m= 5.28s² (a)
t = 3.25s
a=(15m)/(5.28 s2)
a=?
a=2.8 m/s2
Vf = DC
Find your PARTNER!
Exercises : Ben is waiting at a red light. When it turns green
he accelerates at 6.00 m/s² (forward) for 4.10s.
How far does he travel?
d=vit+½ at2
Given : d = (0m/s)(4.1s) + ½ (6.00m/s2)(4.1s)2
Vi = 0 m/s d=0m/s2 + (6.00m/s2)(16.81s2)
a = 6.00 m/s2 2
t = 4.10 s d=0m/s2+100.86
d=?
d=100.86m
2
d =50.43 m (forward)
• The force that attracts a body
toward the center of the earth, or
toward any other physical body
having mass.
4 Uniformly Accelerated Motion Equations (UAM)
Free Fall
• Vf = Vi + gt d = DC
• Vf²= Vi² + 2 gd t = DC
• d = Vi t + ½ gt² Vf = DC
• d = (Vi + Vf ) t g = DC
2
At rest
Vi = 0 Vf = 0 (stop
always)
g = 9.8 m/s² g = 9.8 m/s²
Vf = ? Vi = ?
MOTION
IN
2 DIMENSIONS
2 DIMENSIONS
Having both horizontal and vertical
motion components, acted by gravity
only
In Physics, this called projectile motion
PROJECTILE MOTION – is a form of
motion where an object moves in a curve path
PARABOLA
PARABOLA
HORIZONTALLY
LAUNCHED
PROJECTILES
ANGLE
LAUNCHED
PROJECTILES
Vi = 1.50 m/s²
=?
Vf=?
0.70m
