TRADE PROJECT

SOT TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

P.O BOX 665, BOMET.

TITLE: PROPOSED SUBDIVISION OF LAND OF

KAPSOIYO ESTATE.
PRESENTED BY: CHEMUTAI ROSE

INDEX NO.: 5831020564

COURSE CODE: 2312

PAPER NO: 307

PRESENTED TO: THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION

COUNCIL IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR

THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN LAND

SURVEY

SUPERVISOR: MR. EMMANUEL LANGAT

EXAM SERIES: NOVEMBER 2023

 DECLARATION
I CHEMUTAI ROSE do declare that this document is my own work and it has never been
presented for a diploma or degree conferment to any institutions of learning no part of this
project should be produced without prior authority of the author or Sot Technical Training
Institute.

STUDENT NAME: CHEMUTAI ROSE

DATE: ……………………………………………..

SIGN: ……………………………………………..

SUPERVISOR;EMMANUEL LANGAT

DATE: ………………………………………………

SIGN: ………………………………………………
 DEDICATION
I wish to dedicate this survey project to my friends and my family who supported me entirely
during the period I was undertaking this project. I also dedicate it to my lecturer and my
supervisor Emmanuel Langat who gave me positive critism and guidance during the period.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I acknowledge and appreciate the support I received from my family, parents and fellow
colleagues who without their great support this wok could not have been complete to such level.

I also thank and appreciate the lecturer Mr. Emmanuel Langat for their tireless efforts and
support they accorded me while I was undertaking my project.

I also thank God for the care, good health and knowledge. He gave me during the whole period I
was undertaking the studies.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION...............................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................................iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................v
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................2
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT...........................................................................................3
1.4 JUSIFICATION OF THE PROJECT----------------------------------------------------------------------------4

1.5 THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT------------------------------------------------------------------------6

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................4
2.0LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................4
2.1 BOUNDARIES..........................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 TYPES OF BOUNDARIES...................................................................................................4
comparison between fixed and general boundaries.........................................................................5
2.3 FIELD PRACTICE AND REPRESENTATION OF GENERAL BOUNDARY SURVEY....5
2.3.1 ADJUDICATION...................................................................................................................5
2.3.2 SELECTION OF ADJUDICATION SECTION....................................................................5
2.3.3 ADJUDICATION TEAM......................................................................................................6
METHODS OF ADJUDICATION SURVEYS..............................................................................6
REGISTRY INDEX MAP (RIM)...................................................................................................6
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................10
3.0 METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................10
3.1 ORGANISATION AND PLANNING OF THE SURVEY....................................................10
3.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................................................................10
3.3 EQUIPMENT/ MATERIALS USED......................................................................................10
3.4 RECCE....................................................................................................................................11
3.5 DERMACARTION.................................................................................................................12
3.6 MUTATION............................................................................................................................14
3.6.1 PROCEDURE FOR CARRYING OUT MUTATION SURVEYS.....................................14
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................16
4.0 ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................................16
4.1 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED........................................................................................16
4.1.1 FORMULARS AND CONSTANTS USED........................................................................16
CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................18
5.1 RECOMMENDATION...........................................................................................................18
5.2 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................18
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Land sub division is dividing a parcel of land into two or more plots or lots for sale, conveyance, transfer,
lease, mortages agreement or partition by procuring the issue of certificate of title under Land Transfer
Act in respect of any portion of land

The proprietor applies for sub division for a particular parcel of land where by, he will choose a surveyor
to run the process .The proprietor will be required by surveyor to give in required documents to process
for the actual subdivision. With the help of the land owner and surveyor they will look for any restriction
on the property, identify the physical planner to work with, evaluate the market, draft the land sub
division plan or map and submit the applications for processing of mutation form, a copy of consent
letter, cadastral land map, physical planning approval copy, surveyors practicing certificate copy ,
contact details of the registered proprietor and obtain parcel numbers.

Sub division creates separate certificates of title which can define existing interest in land and impose
limitations on land owners and occupiers for how the land can be used or developed through consent
notices

During land sub division, there are various activities that carried out before sub dividing and they include
confirmation of boundary and corner beacons and confirmation of the area. After land has been
subdivided, there are mathematical techniques are used to analyze and adjust the field survey data.
The accuracy and thus reliability of the survey depend not only on the surveyor’s understanding
of the scientific principles underlying and affecting all forms of survey measurements.

In the past survey were carried out by the chain, the modern instruments used in the proposed
project include;

Global positioning system (Gps)

Real time kinematics (Rtk)

Method of surveying to be use in the proposed project include;

Topographical surveying

Cadastral surveying

Topographical surveying
It is process of determining the position of both manmade and natural features on the earth. It is
used to determine the configuration of terrain. Its main purpose is to find data necessary for the
construction of graphical portray of topographical features

Cadastral surveying

Deals with establishing and recording boundaries for the purpose of land registration and
property ownership.

1.2 problem statement of the project

The high population has exerted enormous pressure on available land resources resulting in land
fragmentation and uneconomic subdivision .This resulted to tradition of land inheritance where
by the heirs need for space settlement.

1.3Objectives
1.3.1 main objective

To subdivide kapsoiyo land into smaller ones for their children for inheritance.

1.3.2 specific objectives

To determine the area of kapsoiyo estate

To subdivide land into five portions

To legally process for title

1.4 Justification
The project will help the family to utilize the land for different purposes that can cause the
increase demand for infrastructure , community facilities, public and private transport and
changes in amenity values or social coherence

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This project entails mutation survey of part of Kapsoiyo estate exclusion divided into five
portions and thereafter produces a survey plan and RIM (register index map)
The Kapsoiyo estate had no fixed boundary and it was costly to fixed it permanently thus the
survey I did was under general boundary.

1.5.1Method used

The proposed project will use different instruments including; Gps{global positioning system}
and Rtk {real time kinematics}. Rtk gives high precision of position and therefore more
preferred for determining position. Gps will be used for picking coordinates of the whole area for
calculating the size of the land.With the combination of the two the sizes of the sub divided
parcel is obtained.

1.5.2The data picked

The coordinates picked from both Rtk and Gps are used to for drawing the shape of the
subdivided land parcel. This coordinates is fed to an autocard software that ease for drawing with
corresponding distance of the land parcel.The area of the sub divided parcels is obtained through
triangulation method.

1.5.3Limitation of the project

The proposed project will only limited to subdivision of Kapsoiyo estate.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0LITERATURE REVIEW
The project entails different task in surveying . surveying has various ways of subdividing land depending
on the type of survey and precision required.

2.1 BOUNDARIES
A boundary is a vertical mark or a vertical surface which defines the extend of ownership rights
and interests to a particular piece of land and denotes where one land owners territory ends and
the next begins

2.1.1 TYPES OF BOUNDARIES

There are two types of boundaries;
 i) general boundary
ii) fixed boundary

General boundary

These are boundaries defined by physical features which form the actual boundary. The feature
could be a hedge, a fence, a wall or any feature that can be used to marry the limits of a parcel of
land. The boundary is neither the centre of the feature nor any side but the feature itself. This
requires great maintenance which is a great disadvantage to the absentee land owner. The survey
is approximate hence the survey plan resulting from the general boundary disputes the plan is
just one of the evidence used. The type of survey is registered under R.L.A cap 300.

Fixed boundary

A fixed boundary is one which has been accurately surveyed (mathematically determined) so
that a surveyor can from the survey measurements; accurately re-establish any corner movement
that might get lost. All surveys of little registered under registered Title Act (RTA) are to this
standard.

Parcels registered under registered land Act (RLA) but are accurately surveyor as provided under
section 22 of the Act shall be noted in the register as fixed and reference made to the survey plan,
authenticated by the director of surveys.

Comparison between fixed and general boundaries

Fixed boundaries General boundaries

Cost and duration Surveys are costlyand time Cost of survey is low and can
consuming be carried out very fast
Value Plots that are fixed are of The value of land is
high value generally low
Disputes or reestablishment The surveyor can Many disputes arise as the
reestablishthe boundary boundaryare meant to be
from the given coordinates maintained jointly by
neighbouring owners
Isolated surveys
2.3 FIELD PRACTICE AND REPRESENTATION OF GENERAL BOUNDARY
SURVEY

2.3.1 ADJUDICATION
Adjudication is the process whereby the existing rights and interest in a particular parcel of land
are finally and authoritatively ascertained

it is a prerequisite of registration of title and to land consolidation and redistribution

2.3.2 SELECTION OF ADJUDICATION SECTION

The process of adjudication, depending on the size of the area and complexity of the land
ownership pattern, takes many months to complete some principles for the criteria for selection
of places to be brought under adjudication area

i) Priority to areas where land reform programs are being carried out.
ii) Where government is intending to dispose its land
iii) Where litigation of land is frequent or disputes and uncertainly to the ownership is
holding development
iv) Where there is need to guarantee credit
v) Where land values are high or there is activation of valuable and permanent cash
crops
vi) Where there is an increasing number and complexity of land rights, or where it is
intended to introduce or improves the basis of tax collection
vii) Political experience may also need to be considered (this normally the case)

2.3.3 ADJUDICATION TEAM

When an area has been declared an adjudication area, the minister in charge of land adjudicator
officer, who in turn appoints a land adjudicator officer, who in turn appoints a demarcation
officer a survey officer and a recording officer.
Adjudication committee and arbitration board

The adjudication officer also appoints a committee of not less than 25 persons in every
adjudications section who indicates upon and determines in accordance with African customary
law the claim of any individual person to any right and interest in any land within the
adjudication section

The minister appoints an arbitration board which considers cases which may not be resolved by
the committee.

2.3.4 METHODS OF ADJUDICATION SURVEY

a. Aerial photograph surveys

b. Ground surveys

2.4 REGISTRY INDEX MAP (RIM)

The registry index map is the map that gives the index for the parcel in a registration block for
the purpose of registration of land under registered land Act. The parcels of land as they appear
in the RIM are not guaranteed as to their extent. The RIM was introduced to allow for fast
registrations without the need of vigorous, expensive time consuming surveys, the standard
which is stipulated in the survey act. The record of land together with the RIM forms the
registry. The RIM is referred in the register of every parcel of land, the subject of registration

2.4.1 PURPOSE OF RIM

RIM is used for various purposes which include : registration of land, sub division of small scale
and large scale farms, for rural planning and solution of boundary disputes.

2.4.2 PREPARATION OF RIM

The RIMs are prepared in several ways;

i. from rectified photographs

ii. from the controlled (ablest relaxed) ground surveys
2.4.3 Standard RIM
The RIM is drawn on a standard sheet line tied to the 1:50,000 map sheet services broken down
to 1:2500. RIM is drawn at a standard scale of 1:2500

2.5 MUTATION SURVEYS

Mutation surveys are surveys under the provision of the registered lands act, carried out on a
parcel registered under the act which needs to be changed in shape of size.

This could be;

i. Subdivision of a parcel to two or more parts.

ii. Combination of two or more contiguous parcels registered under the same proprietor
subject to the same rights and obligations.
iii. Reparcelations – changing the layout of contiguous parcels by the consent of the
proprietor

2.5.1 PROCEDURE FOR CARRYING OUT MUTATION

SURVEYS
1. consent for subdivision

under the provisions of the land control Act, all transactions on land need to be controlled by the
relevant authorities, depending on the type of tenure and land use and most of the freehold land
is registered under RLA and are under the general boundary surveys. These lands are generally
controlled by the hand control boards (which could be divisional or provisional). Any sell,
transfer subdivision or any other transactions in land under its jurisdiction has to be given
consent by the board; otherwise the transactions are deemed null or void.

Other authorities that give consent on land transactions are;

 i. the commissioner of lands
ii. the local authorities
iii. the central authorities
2. search for RIM

Before a survey can be carried out the RIM which the parcel of land is subject of survey is
included in search for some of the RIM are in Nairobi Field Headquarters while others are
decentralized and can be found at the provisional district survey offices. The full parcel number
is in the form district/ division/ location/ sub- location/ block/ parcel number with this
information the parcel can be traced from the copy of RIM (it is illegal to trace a parcel from the
RIM). A private surveyor or a client has to get a dye line print of the RIM to trace the parcel
boundary from.

3. Completion of the mutation form

i. Sketch plan – the client makes a sketch plan of the proposed subdivision which is to
be executed by the surveyor. ( this is normally done by the assistance of the surveyor)
ii. Ii. Area – the areas of each parcel that is to result from the subdivision is also
indicated.
iii. Other details – such as the name(s) and details of the registered proprietors are also
filled in by the client.
4. Survey per sketch plan

The surveyor by means of lines tapes or steel band carries out measurements and marks points
that intersection of boundaries as shown in the sketch plan. The new boundary lines as pegged on
the ground are drawn on the planwhich is to scale (normally 1:1) traced from the RIM on a
tracing paper. The new boundary line being drawn in red). The mutation forms are again filled
with the plan of the survey as executed on the ground with dimensions inscribed along the
boundary line.

5. The mutation forms are registered at the district survey offices

Where the mutation is checked and numbers given for the new parcels generated. The mutation
is preliminarily approved at this stage since the district surveyor is the checkerbefore it is finally
accepted.
 6. The client is advised to physically mark out the boundary lines on the ground as pegged
by the surveyor by planting of hedges fence, wall or any other mark that shall define the
boundary
7. The client presents his application forregistration of the subdivision to the land. Registrar
with copies of the mutation form approved by the district survey office.
8. Amendment of the RIM

Once the subdivision is registered copy of the mutation form is used to amend the registry index
map at the survey field headquarters to include the subdivision with the new parcel numbers. A
copy of the new edition of the RIM is then sent back to the district. Before the amendments are
done the areas as shown on the mutation forms are re- computed.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY
This chapter gives information on how the goals of project were achieved. This includes
preparation of the survey, reconnaissance, equipment and instrument used.

3.1 ORGANISATION AND PLANNING OF THE SURVEY

I ensured that all the necessary information prior to field work was at hand toenable me to meet
the objectives of the project. I obtain RIM plan from the survey district office Bomet which
assisted me mostly in the planning of the survey. I also joined a survey party group of five
members to make work easier.
3.2 DATA COLLECTION
RIM plan was obtained from Bomet survey district office records. I set the area into well-
conditioned triangles for easier evaluation of areas and accuracy. I also adopted the existing
boundaries and scale system used of the plan.

3.3 EQUIPMENT/ MATERIALS USED

- Tape measure
- Ranging rods
- Pegs
- Hammer
- Panga
- Scale rule
- Field notes
- Pencils
- Technical pens
- Inks
- Survey form

3.4 PERSONNEL
For the projectto be successful used for personnel to accomplish the task one at the force one at
the near station survey (me) and fourth member booking the measurement

3.4 RECCE
I do to locate the control points or corners which used in establishing well-conditioned triangles
and also for necessitate good inter visibility and ascertain stable position for establishing new
boundaries.

SKETCH

218M

115M
27
5

160M
M

220M 55M
 204M

218M

A= 275M
160M A √ S ( S−a ) (S−b)(S−c )S=
a+b+ c
2

218+160+275
S= = 326.5 M
2

A= √ 326.5 ( 326.5−218 )( 326.5−275 ) ( 326.5−160 ) = 1728.79M2

a+b +c
275M
115M A=√ S ( S−a ) ( S−b ) ( S−c ) , S=
B 2

275+220+115
220M S= = 305M
2

A= √ 305(305−275)(305−220)(305−115) =1215.17M2

a+ b+c
A = √ S (S−a)(S−b)(S−c )(S−b), S=
2
275M
C 84M
220+204+ 84
S= = 254
2

A= √ 254(254−220)(254−84)(254−204) = 8567.73M2
 204M

55M
D
24M
a+ b+c
97.7M A = √ S (S−A )(S−B)(S−C )(S−B), S=
2
97.7 +55+84
S= = 118.35
2

A=√ 118.9(118.35−84)(118.35−97)(118.35−55)= 2306.11M2

D
TOTAL AREA =A+B+C+D

=17428.79+12156.17+8567.73+2306.11

=40458.80M2

=10 ACRES

3.5 DEMARCATION
The total area of the land to be subdivided starting from post 1 to 5 was 40458.80M2 which
subdivide into five (5) portions. There is access road along the boundary of the portion of the
land thus no road created in the land. Each portion of land had 8091.76M2
 2 215

45M 36M Road

47M 47.5M
B 170M
A
49M C 16 4
10.5M
209 160M 55M 195M
90M D
80
70M
54M 97.9M
N 81M E

208 69M

207 9M Road
width

115

AREAS

A-----------0.8094 HA

B------------0.8094 HA

C-----------0.8094 HA

D-----------0.8094 HA

E--------- 0.8094 HA

3.6 MUTATION
Mutation surveys are surveys under the provision of the registered land Act 1963 carried out on a
parcel registered under the act which needs to be changed in shape or size. Thus could be;

i) Subdivision of parcel of two or more parts

ii) Combination of two or more contiguous parcels registered under the same proprietor
subject to the same rights and obligations.
 iii) Reparcellation- changing the layout of contagious parcels by the consent of the
proprietors.

3.6.1 PROCEDURE FOR CARRYING OUT MUTATION SURVEYS

1. consent for subdivision

Under the provisions of the land control Act, all transactions on land need to be controlled by the
relevant authorities, depending on the type of tenure and land use most of the freehold land is
registered under the RLA and are under the general boundary survey. These lands are generally
controlled by land control boards (which could be divisional, district or provisional). Any sell
transfer subdivision or any other transactions in land under its jurisdiction has to be given
consent by the boards other authorities that give consent on land transactions are;

- The commissioner of lands

- The local authorities
- The control authorities

2. Search for RIM

Before a survey can be carried out the RIM which the parcel of land, the subject of survey is
included in search for RIM. Some RIM are the Nairobi field headquarters while others are
decentralized and can be found at the provincial district survey offices. The full parcel

Number is in the form district/ division/ location/ sub location/ block/ parcel. Number with this
information the parcel can be traced from the copy of RIM (it is illegal to trace a parcel from the
RIM) a private surveyor or a client has to get a dye- line print of the RIM to trace the parcel
boundary from.

3. Completion of the mutation form

Sketch plan: the client makes a sketch plan of the proposed subdivision which is to be executed
by the surveyor. (This is normally done by the assistance of the surveyor).
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ANALYSIS

4.1 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED

Areas with a lot of obstacles

Since the area had a lot of trees and other structure it was difficult to take measurements
especially along the line p1 and p5

Distance measurements

The linen tape was used to take measurement along the boundaries and the calculation of acres
and adjustment was done later.

4.1.1FORMULARS AND CONSTANTS USED

1. Area of triangle.
C

a b

B c A

When one angle of the triangle is known, Then sin A=h/c therefore, h=c Sin A

From area=1/2bh square unit

Therefore A=1/2bc sin A =1/2 ac Sin B

When all sides of the triangle is know

Area [A] =√ S ( s−a )( s−b ) ( s−c )

 1
Where S= (a+b+c)
2

2 Trapezium

Trapezoidal rule

a+b
Area of trapezium = ( )h
c

Where a and b length and h being the height. Therefore a and b being having unequal length the
average of the two distance is taken to obtain a constant length.

Height (h) is constant but also the average of the two heights might be taken to get the constant
height for area calculation and accuracy.
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 RECOMMENDATION
The mutation plan of scale 1:2500 can be used for future planning and development within area.
The plan shows that all the plots are adequately served by roads and that the areas are maintained
as per the P.D.P. the size of each plot surveyed and mode of planning is most appropriate for
commercial purpose.

The survey plan produced can later be used for boundaries identification as well as to assist in
future surveys.

5.2 CONCLUSION
The mutation survey of the area was conducive and quite recommendable. All the boundaries
established and checked were carried out according to survey regulations. The high pillars and
hard post placed at the corner is of a reasonable high accuracy and can therefore be used in future
surveys.

5.3 REFERENCES

Registration of land act (RLA)

Registration of title act (RTA)

Land act (LA)

Land adjudication act (LAA)

APPENDIX A: Mutation form

APPENDIX B: Part development plan (P.D.P)