Name: Mary Dorgan____________________ Class: Bio 104 ________________
Chapter 8 Nervous System Sheet
Axon terminals
1. Draw and label a neuron in the space below. Write a function next to each label.
Dendrite Axons
Cell bodyAxon
nucleus
myelin sheath
Axon hillock Scwann cell
Cell Body node of Ranvier
Dendrite – receive signals from other cells.
Nucleus – controls the entire neuron
Axon- Transfers signals to other cells and organs
Myelin sheath – increases the speed of the signal
Cell body – Organizes and keeps the cell functional
Cell membrane – Protects the cell
Axon hillock – Generates impulse in the neuron
Node of Ranvier – Allow diffusion of ions
Action Potential Graph
2. What is this diagram a representation of? __________________________________
3. Explain how cocaine interferes synapses and neurotransmitters.
Cocaine’s addictive qualities are due to its disruption of dopamine signaling in the brain’s circuits, which
causes increased feelings of pleasure and reward. It interferes with synapses and neurotransmitters.
4. List 1 detrimental effect on the nervous system for each of the following drugs:
-Marijuana: Impaired cognitive function
-Alcohol: Neurological Damage and cognitive impairment
-Cigarettes/Smoking: Increased risk of stroke
5. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater are 3 types of meningeal layers found around the spinal cord
and brain. Which meningeal layer would a surgeon first have to cut through during brain surgery?
Dura matter
6. Match each phrase accordingly (letters can be used more than once)
______
a Largest part of the brain that controls all conscious thoughts
______
k Hemisphere that controls reading, writing, math
______
l Hemisphere that controls senses a. Cerebrum
______ Motor coordination b. Cerebellum
b
c. Pons
______
g Vision (name the lobe) d. Midbrain
e. Frontal lobe
g f. Temporal lobe
g. Occipital lobe
______ Odor receptors (name the lobe)
______
h Taste receptors (name the lobe)
______
f Auditory (name the lobe)
______
e Problem solving (name the lobe)
______
i Emotions and memory
______
J Breathing, H.R. and blood pressure
______
d Reflex center for sights and sounds
7. What are 3 types of brain disorders and diseases? Explain what causes each one and the symptoms
associated with them as well.
Alzheimer's Disease - Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily caused by the accumulation of
amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain unfortunately the exact cause is not fully understood, but genetic,
environmental, and lifestyle factors are believed to play a role. Symptoms include memory loss, cognitive decline,
disorientation, language problems, behavioral changes and impaired daily functioning.
Parkinson's Disease - Parkinson's disease a progressive neurological condition as is brought on by the death of
dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain that regulates movement. Although the
cause is unknown, environmental factors like exposure to chemicals and genetic abnormalities are considered
contributing factors. Symptoms include tremors, muscle stiffness, impaired posture and balance and speech
changes.
Multiple Sclerosis - The immune system of the body targets the myelin sheath, which shields nerve fibers in the
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), in multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease. The brain's ability to
communicate with other body parts is hampered by this. Although the cause of the illness is unknown, it is thought
to be brought on by environmental factors, such as viral infections, and genetic vulnerability. Symptoms include
fatigue, numbness and tingling sensations, muscle weakness, vision problems, coordination and balance, cognitive
impairment, and pain and muscle spasms.
