Mathematics
Matrix
A rectangular numbers arranged in rows columns
array of
enclosed between round or square bracket is known as matrix
Fig
E
A B a
2
Order
of matrices
Order Row Column
Read as row
by column
1 2 3 1
a B
a s e
2 3 2 2
3 2
1
Types of matrices
2 Matrix multiplication
3 Properties of matrices
4 Determinant
of matrices
of matrix
5 Transpose
6 Inverse matrix its properties
of
7 Cramer's Rule
Types of matrix
1 Row matrix having only one row
1 2 372 t 2 5
3 1 2 2 1
2 Column matrix having only one column
2 511 2
rows columns
3 Square matrix having equal no
of
k 19 1 2
rows column
4
Rectangular matrix having different
no
of
8
L 2 3 16 7 2 3
4 5 6
2 3
elements as zero
square matrin having
non diagonal
5 Diagonal matrix
opleft
1 C
4 3 3
Fight
Maindiagonal
Principaldiagonal Leading diagonal
6 Scalar Matrix diagonal matrix having diagonal element same
E
elementas I
7 Unit or Identity Matrix Diagonal matrix having diagonal
1 0 0 1
all element as zero
8 Null or zero matrix Square rectangular having
1 1
8 Triangular matrix
i Upper triangular matrix
elements below diagonal are zero
Square matrix having all
aij 0
for i j
ALL 912 913
921 922 923
f I 6
931 932 933
L
i row column
A
j j
ii lower Triangular matrix
matrix having all elements above diagonal are zero
square
a
j
O for icj
I.sk ii a tg aii aiiora i
5 2
42 2 6
2 6 3
10 Skew Symmetric Matrix
Square matrix a 0 aij Aji
02
2 0 5 0 3
6 3 0
t 0 0
The matrix o I o is
0 0 I
a Diagonal matrix b Scalar matrix
c
Identity matrix fall
Matrix Multiplication
1
If a 2 3 matrix is multiplied with 3 3 matrix then
result will be
a 2 3 matrix b 3 3 matrix
c 2 2 matrix d 3 2 matrix
Cmap
Ancffy
Two matrices be multiplied when column of 1ˢᵗ matrix
can
of 2ⁿᵈ matrix of the order of
is equal to row new matrix
will be row of 1ˢᵗ matrix column
of 2ⁿᵈ matrin
1 1 2 2 B
3 2 8 If A T's
C Whish istrue
1 12 0 0
a AB BA
AB C
b A BC
C A A A
L b d ACB c ATB
addition
Properties of matrix
commutative
i ATB BTA
ii AB C At c associative
A 0 A A existence of identity
iii
existence additive inverse
iv A C A 0 of matrices
addition
KA KB scalar multiplication distributes of
v K ATB
stalar
of matrix multiplication If ACB AB AC
Properties e
which property is it
i AB BA not commutative
ii AI IA A multiplicative identity a
associative b
iii A BC AB C
AB AC distributiveproperty
iv ACB c
v AA A
it m Iiit aaedidempotentifA A
T.ggLTmat iti alledinvolutaryifA Ior A A
1
Singleton matrix
one element
Having only
5 2 6 2 1
µ 2 1
A AYA
7 Transpose
of matrix
If A then Transpose of A
1 2 3
78 5 6
2 A then A 4
If 7 8 9
Note
i A A
ii A B A Bt
iii AB B'At
Matrin
iv A A _Symmetric
v A At Skew Symmetric
matrix
of the following
1 Which is skew symmetric
a A A A A c A _A d A At
Determinant
If A then
Determinant 4 6 21
of A A 13 1 4 2 3
A1 0 then A is known as singular matrix
a non singular matrix
A 0 then A is
in
i If
Empanding method
I
1 5 6
3
1 2 2 Sarrus rule
Expandingmethod
51 61
1 0 6 5 8 3 6 80
6 5 5 6 8
6 25 48
6
92 3141 21
SarrusRI
1
g h i
1 5 6
4 0 3
a b c a b
1 2 2
d
d e
g
hÉiXg n
1 5 1 5
y X Xy o aei bfg edh geethtatidb
ataxia
0 15 48 0 6 40
63 46
171
Inverse a matrix
of
Multiplicative inverse of matrix A At
afmposeofffgrmatrin
IA t afadjoint.tn
y
A 9 Adjof A
A doesn't exist
singular matrix
singular matrix IAI
0
Invertible matrix non
t
1
If A find A
A adj of A 2 12 I I L
A B then AB
2
2
If
1
a A B
I
LA c A IB d AB
Properties
of Inverse
of matrix
1
i A A
ii A A 1
iii AA't A1A I
t
iv AB B At
3
If A find A
C
we know
A A
A LAY adf.at E 9 2 1
t.fi II system of linear equation
7 4
may
39 72 5 a D 1
y
coeffid coeffff constant
3 7 5
3
D
2
7 6 13 2 75 73
7
D 2
y 43
D or
In I 49 10 39
1
I
D2 or Dy
5 21 26
2 Solve
2
In 3
4
4
2 121 12 lofty 2
1,10 b 6,10 c 4 67 d 10,47
coeffitte ftp.tt mgff
4 10 2
D 30 8 22
DrorDa 1kg 0 2 2 192 4
9
4
Door Dy 1 6
1
on 2
42 on
Ig 5 2 22
10
in Up y
3 How
many
solution does the equations 32
2 5 6 have
29 10
a Unique solution b No solution f Infinite solution d None
F is
of linear
4 The system equations 3 5 nty
4
Consistent Independent b Inconsistent Independent
c Consistent Dependent d Inconsistent dependent
Consistent Min 431 intersection point 5 1 urgent
Independent Man 237 intersection point get
A System
of linear Equations
32 y
5
1 Case
I intersecting lines
32
y 5 111 sexy 7
nty 7
r 13,4
solving 111 C2
3 Y 41
Unique solution
Consistent Independent
C
A H BY
Azn Bay C2
2 CaseI parallel lines
2 BE
x
y 2 a 8 2
x
y 5
5 7
No solution a y
Incosistent Independent
3
II
Case coincident lines In 2
on 29
32 5
y
6N 24 10
3m y's
Infinite solution
Consistent Dependent
5 A
If I
AX
I find
at I I
I I A
1
A adj of A I I f 3 I
5m
ix A b I E
6 The simplified since
form of casef Is find 98 is
1 I
coto send a sino sind coso
cos20 sina.cat sin
Sind cos0
Potato 0
sink who
I
0 I 11
7 A then A A A A is
If
c d none
3
KIA B KA KB
ATA A AT
EATEN A EAT
A
21
All
8 A then find
If A
d none
1 1
Note I I
9
If A then A
a 5A b 20A FIGA d 32A
A 5
A 2
25 15
32 1
A 21
321
16
21
161
16All
a
10 Find the determinant of
1 1
L
b
c
boy
ac
ab
a b b c e a b b a c b a e
c a c bc b a d a b ed c a
bc c a
a b
1 a bc 1 a ab ac b bc c al
e b ac.TL
1 cTab
ab ok be b c acetal
ab alc be b c at a b
b bet abc act a c b c ab
abc a
able a be c a ac c a b2 c a
C a abebe ac b2
C a ab ac b bc
Ce a a b c b b c
Ca b c a b
A L
A adi FA
I
EAA.I
AA
AB BA T
AB I
1 1
2n 5 1
or 2N 6
N 311
87
1 2
HE
991
2 74
1 2
19ij
a
912 1
1
92 2
922 2
4
Additive inverse matrix A A A CA 0
of 1
Multiplicative i n A At AA 1
a
E
t t
0 6 6 12 0 2 2 4 4 0
L
I
Amano B Cmap
p
JMinorsfcof.to
Adjointof3 3matrin
Cofactor matrix
Adjoint Transpose of
A Adjoint of A
cofactors
t
pinnon
Are f 1 1 3 4
Cofactor of as
11 1 1 2 3 5
An Cofactor of 92
An 47 1 21 1
Cofactor of 93
it 2
As Cofactor
of 92 C1
it 11 1 1
Apr Cofactor
of 922 00
Azs Cofactor of 923 2
As Cofactor
of as 2
Az Cofactor 932 5
of
As 933 3
Cofactor
of
An Air As
matrin
i Cofactor Aa Aa Ar 22 33
Az Azz A33
i Adjoint Transpose of cofactor matrix
If f
A adj of A
sarr Inpanding
