St Paul’s Sr. Sec.
School
Physics Project Work
Session 2024-25
Project file on-
Mutual Induction
(Partial fulfilment of Physics practical
examination conducted by AISSCE)
Submitted by- Submitted to-
Dhruvansh Soni Mrs
Vinu Sharma
Xii-Science (P.G.T. Physics)
Acknowledgement
I would like to take this opportunity to express my
gratitude to those who have been of great assistance in
finishing this project in due course of the stipulated
deadline. To begin with, I would like to thank Principal
Rev. Fr. Cantius Ligoury for his encouragement and for
providing us with all the required facilities for completing
my project.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to Mrs Vinu Sharma, our
Physics teacher, who guided us in successful completion
of this project. I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for her invaluable guidance, attitude
and immense motivation, which has sustained our efforts
at all stages of this project work.
I would also acknowledge my gratitude towards our
classmates for having been a source of inspiration and for
their patience in resolving what we couldn’t grasp
efficiently, I thank them in earnest for correcting us
where we erred and their recommendations. I thank,
them all for expanding our interest in the study that is
programming. At last, I would like to thank, our parents
for constantly pushing us and motivating us to do our
best
Submitted by-Dhruvansh Soni
Certificate
This is to certify that Dhruvansh Soni,
student of Class XII SCIENCE, has
successfully completed the research on
topic “Mutual Induction” under the
guidance of Mrs Vinu Sharma during
the year
2024-2025.
In partial fulfilment of Physics practical
examination conducted by AISSCE,
NEW DELHI.
Mrs Vinu External Fr. Cantius
Sharma Examiner Ligoury
(Internal (Principal)
Examiner)
INDEX
No. Topic
1. Aim
2. Introduction
3. Working
4. Materials and
5. equipment
6. Theory
7. Procedure
8. Observation
9. Precaution
Bibliography
Aim
The Aim of this project is to
prepare a Mutual Induction
Model and explain the working
and theories behind it.
Introduction
Q). What Is Mutual Induction?
Mutual Inductance between the two coils
is defined as the property of the coil due to
which it opposes the change of current in
the other coil, or you can say in the
neighbouring coil. When the current in the
neighbouring coil is changing, the flux sets
up in the coil and because of this changing
flux emf is induced in the coil called
Mutually Induced emf and the
phenomenon is known as Mutual
Inductance.
In short flux through second coil is
directly proportional to current flowing in
first coil, which is given by the following
expression:
Φ1=M21 I1 and Φ2= M12 I2
Where Φ1 and Φ2 is flux through coil 1
and coil 2 respectively, I1 and I2 is current
in coil 1 and coil 2 respectively
and M12=M21=M is mutual induction.
Working
Mutual inductance is the phenomenon that
occurs when a voltage change in one coil
induces a voltage in another nearby
coil. This happens when the magnetic field
from one coil links with the other coil,
which is caused by the current in one
coil. The strength of the induced voltage
depends on the mutual inductance of the
two coils, which is measured in
Henrys. The mutual inductance of a pair
of coils also depends on their separation
and relative orientation. Mutual
Inductance is the basic operating principle
of the transformer, motors, generators, and
any other electrical component that
interacts with another magnetic field. Then
we can define mutual induction as the
current flowing in one coil that induces a
voltage in an adjacent coil.
Material and
Equipment
1).
2).
3).
4).
5).
Theory
Principle of Electromagnetic Induction states that
the emf induced in a loop due by a changing
magnetic flux is equal to the rate of change of the
magnetic flux threading the loop .When it comes to
the principle of electromagnetic induction, it will
enable the transformers, motors, electric generators
and other rechargeable items such as wireless
communication devices or electric toothbrushes to
adopt the principle. Apart from that, your rice
cooker works by using induction. Now let's learn
how induction cooktops are heated by using
induced current. Faraday's Law is the equation that
mathematically describes electromagnetic induction. It
states that voltage (EMF) will be induced when there
is a change in the magnetic environment of a coiled
wire. Many ways were discovered by Faraday for this
to happen. For example: by changing the magnetic
field strength by moving a magnet over a coil of wire
or by moving a coil of wire through a magnetic field,
etc.
EMF=−NΔ(BA)/Δt
Procedure
1). Make a rectangular base from cardboard.
2). Plant four rods at each corner as legs.
3). Now connect two leg rods on different sides
from another rod (Head Rods).
4). Stick the spherical balls on the centres of
the strings.
5). Tie the strings to the Head rods, so that the
all the spherical balls are in straight line.
6). Now pull one ball from end and leave the
ball on other end will start moving.
7). Newton’s Cradle is ready and working.
Observation
Here, we can now observe that when
we pull one of the spherical body from
one end of the Cradle and leave after
it gains some height, when it collides
the momentum is transferred from
the first body to second body than to
third and so on. When it reaches the
other end the momentum is attained
by the last body and starts moving in
the direction of momentum. This
happens for two bodies, three bodies
and moving on. Thus, proves that
“ENERGY CAN NEITHER BE
DESTROYED NOR CREATED BUT
CAN CHANGE FORMS” and “THE
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM” as the momentum is
transferred from first ball to last ball
and was not stopped at its MEAN
POSITION.
Precautions
1). All four leg rods should be of equal size.
2). All bodies should be spherical.
3). All strings should be of equal size.
4). Spherical bodies should be on centre of
the strings.
5). All Bodies should be in straight line
after hanging.
Bibliography
www.google.com
en.wikipedia.org
byjus.com
science.howstuffworks.com
www.livescience.com
www.phys.vt.edu
