Project Report on Mutual Induction
Cover Page
Project Title: Demonstration of Mutual Induction
Submitted by: Krishika Sisodiya
Class: XII – Science Stream
Roll No.: [Your Roll Number]
School Name: [Your School Name]
Subject: Physics
Academic Year: 2024–2025
Board: CBSE
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Physics teacher [Teacher’s Full Name] for
the valuable guidance and encouragement throughout the course of this project.
Their constant support and constructive feedback were crucial in completing this project
successfully.
I also thank my school for providing laboratory facilities and equipment. Finally, I am
thankful to my parents and friends for their continuous motivation and support during this
academic journey.
Index
S. No. Content Page No.
1 Certificate
2 Aim / Topic / Area of Study
3 Requirements
4 Concepts Involved
5 Procedure / Investigative
Techniques
6 Observations
7 Calculations
8 Result
9 Analysis of Result
10 Inferences Drawn
11 Bibliography / Resources
Certificate
This is to certify that Krishika Sisodiya, a student of class XII at [Your School Name], has
successfully completed the Physics project titled:
“Demonstration of Mutual Induction” under my supervision for the academic year 2024–25.
This project is the original work of the student and has been completed in accordance with
the guidelines issued by the CBSE.
Teacher's Signature: __________________
Date: __________________
Principal's Signature: ________________
School Seal
Aim / Topic / Area of Study
To investigate and demonstrate the phenomenon of Mutual Induction using two coils and to
study how a changing current in one coil induces an emf in the other.
Requirements
- Two copper wire coils (Primary and Secondary)
- Iron rod/core (soft iron preferred)
- DC battery or regulated power supply
- Key (Switch)
- Connecting wires
- Sensitive galvanometer or LED
- Wooden or plastic base
Concepts Involved
Mutual Induction is a phenomenon where a change in the electric current in one coil
induces an electromotive force (emf) in another nearby coil due to the change in magnetic
flux.
• Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction:
The magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
ε = -M * dI/dt
• Lenz’s Law:
The direction of the induced emf is such that it opposes the cause of its production.
• Mutual Inductance (M):
The constant of proportionality between induced emf and rate of change of current.
Applications:
- Transformers
- Wireless charging
- Inductive sensors
- Electric motors and generators
Procedure / Investigative Techniques
1. Take two coils and wind them on a soft iron core to enhance magnetic coupling.
2. Label them as Primary (connected to battery) and Secondary (connected to
galvanometer).
3. Connect the primary coil in series with a battery and key.
4. Connect the secondary coil to a sensitive galvanometer.
5. Close and open the key in the primary circuit and observe the galvanometer.
6. Try inserting and removing the iron core to compare the strength of the induced emf.
Observations
Action Taken in Primary Coil Observation in Galvanometer
Key Closed Sudden deflection (positive)
Key Opened Sudden deflection (negative)
Calculations
Example:
Let:
• ε = 0.02 V
• ΔI = 0.5 A
• Δt = 0.1 s
Then:
M = ε / (ΔI / Δt) = 0.02 / (0.5 / 0.1) = 0.02 / 5 = 0.004 H
Result
The secondary coil showed a deflection in the galvanometer whenever current in the
primary coil was changed, confirming the presence of induced emf due to mutual induction.
Analysis of Result
The induced emf in the secondary coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of
current in the primary coil. This linear relationship confirms Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction.
A graph of emf vs rate of change of current would show a straight line.
Inferences Drawn
- Magnitude of induced emf increases with faster current changes.
- Iron core enhances mutual induction due to better magnetic flux linkage.
- No emf is induced when current is steady.
- Reversing the direction of current in the primary coil reverses galvanometer deflection.
Bibliography / Resources
1. NCERT Class XII Physics Textbook
2. Pradeep’s Fundamental Physics
3. www.physicsclassroom.com
4. School Physics Lab Manual
5. Teacher’s Lecture Notes
