PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY
REPORT
TOPIC: MUTUAL INDUCTION
NAME:PRAJAN MURUGAN
CLASS: Ml ABILITY
SESSION:
2025-2026
MUTUALINDUCTION
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AIM
APPARATUS REQUIRED
PRINCIPLES
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS
SOURCES OF ERROR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to all the
people who have contributed to the success of this
physics project, without whom it would not have
been possible.
Firstly, I am thankful to my physics teacher for her
guidance and knowledge that she shared, which
helped me a lot in making this project. I would like to
thank my principal for providing me with all the
equipment that was required for this project.
This project would not have been possible without
the support of my parents, who provided me with
assistance, which resulted in this project's success. I
am also grateful for my friends and classmates for
their efforts in helping me. Last but not the least; I
would like to thank everyone who has offered a
helping hand when required.
TOPIS
MUTUAL lNDUCTlON
ιι c.hanging
AIM
To study the phenomenonof mutual inductionusing
two coils of wire and calculate the mutual inductance
of the coil used.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Insulated copper wire (Gauge : 28 SWG), Transistor
(2N 2222A), Resistor (10K Q), LED light (5mm),
Battery (9V), 9V Battery clip connector, Soldering
Iron, Solder wire (preferablyPb), Solder flux, Face
mask (As a safety measure while soldering), Sand
paper, Wire cutter.
THEORY
When two coils are brought in proximity to each
other, the magnetic field in one of the coils tends to
link with the other. This further leads to the
generation of voltage in the second coil. This
property of a coil which affects or changes the
current and voltage in a secondary coil is called
mutual inductance.
Mutual Inductance, M =
PRINCIPLES
INDUCTION:
The process of generating current in a conductor in
a changing magnetic field is called induction.
MUTUAL INDUCTION:
Mutual induction is an electromagnetic
phenomenon that occurs when a changing current in
one coil induces an electromotiveforce (EMF) in a
neighboring coil.
FARADAY'S LAW:
Faraday's First Law . The changing magnetic field
linked with a conductor induces an electromotive
force in the conductor.
Faradays Second Law : The induced electromotive
force is proportional to the rate of change of
magnetic field linked with the conductor.
s
LENZ'S LAW:
The current induced in a circuit due to a change in
a magnetic field is directed to oppose the change in
flux and to exert a mechanical force which opposes
the motion.
PROCEDURE
• Using the insulated copper wire, prepare a 30
turn wire coil (15 turns - 1 loop - 15 turns) with
the help of a round object. This will be the
Primary coil.
• Prepare another 30 turn coil (30 turns) for the
receiver coil. This will be the Secondary coil.
• Using a sandpaper, carefully remove the
insulation in the connecting ends of the coil
alone.
e Connect the negative terminalof the batteryto
the Emitter terminal of the transistor using a
soldering iron.
• Connect the positive terminal of the battery to
the switch and the other end of the switch to the
loop end of the Primary Coil using a soldering
iron.
• Connect one end of the resistor to the Base
terminal of the transistor and the other end of
the transistor to one of the two connected ends
in the Primary Coil using a soldering Iron.
• Connect the 3rd connecting end of the Primary
Coil to the Collector terminal of the transistor
using a soldering iron. (Primary coil circuit is
completed)
• Connect the anode and cathode of the LED to
the two connecting ends of the Secondary coil
using a soldering iron. (Secondary coil circuit is
completed)
• By bringing near the Receiver coil (as shown in
Figure), the glowing of the LED can be observed.
OBSERVATION
• The LED glows when the secondary coil is brought
near the primary coil, even though there is no
physical connection.This verifies the phenomena
of Mutual Induction.
• The LED 's light intensity is higher when the two
coils are closer and the light intensityis lower
when the two coils are farther. This shows that the
strength of the magnetic field decreases as the
second coil moves away.
Strength o/ the magnetic field a Distance betweenthe twocoils
N2turns
coil coil 2
(a)
N 2turns
N 1turns
coil 1 "coil 2
(b)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
다 여
RESULT
Hence studied the phenomenon of mutual induction
using two coils of wire.
PRECAUTIONS
• Connections must be tight.
• Instruments should be handled carefully.
• The removal of insulations in the copper wire
should be done only at the connecting ends.
• Only insulated copper wire should be used.
• A mask must be used while soldering.
SOURCES OF ERROR
• Connections may not be tight.
• The insulations may not be removed at the
connecting ends.
• The connections may not be done appropriately
with the transistor.
REFERENCE
• Physics- Textbookfor Xll (NCERT)
• WWW.wikipedia.org
• WWW.khanacademy.org
• Laboratory Manual(Arihant)
