Chapter – 9

Data Structures – I: Linear List

DATA STRUCTURE – A data structure is a named group of data of different data types which is stored in a specific
way and can be processed as a single unit. A data structure has well defined operations, behavior and properties.
TYPE OF DATA STRUCTURE – The data structure can be classified into following two types.
1. Simple Data Structures – These data structures are normally built from primitive data types like integers,
reals, characters, Boolean.
Example – Array or Linear List
2. Compound Data Structures – Simple data structure can be combined in various way form more complex
structures called compound data structures. Compound data structures are classified into following two
types.
a. Linear Data Structure – These data structures are single level data structure.
Example – Stack, Queue, Linked List
b. Non Linear Data Structure – These data structures are multilevel level data structure.
Example – Tree, Graph
LINEAR LIST – Linear Lists or Arrays are one of the simplest data structures and are very easy to traverse, search,
sort etc. A linear is a sequence of n>=0 elements, E1, E2 ………. En where each element Ei has the same data type T.
Searching in a Linear List – There are two types of searching in Linear List.
1. Linear Search
2. Binary Search
Linear Search – In Linear Search, each element of the array/ linear list is compared with the given item to be
searched for, one by one.
def linearsearch(a,s,size):
found=0
for i in range(size):
if a[i]==s:
print("The element is found at position",i+1)
found=1
break;
if found==0:
print("The element is not found in list")
a=[]
size=int(input("Enter the size of the list"))
for i in range(size):
val=int(input("enter a number"))
a.append(val)
s=int(input("Enter the number for search"))
linearsearch(a,s,size)

Binary Search – Binary search can work for only sorted arrays. It works faster than linear search.
def binarysearch(a,s,size):
f=0
first=0
last=size-1
mid=0

while first<=last and f==0:

mid=(first+last)//2
if a[mid]==s:
f=1
pos=mid+1
if a[mid]>s:
last=mid-1
if a[mid]<s:
first=mid+1
 if f==1:
print("no is found at position",pos)
else:
print("no is not found")
#_____main program______
size=int(input("Enter the size of the list"))
a=[]
for i in range(size):
val=int(input("enter a number"))
a.append(val)
print("You entered list as =",a)
a.sort()
print("After sorting the List is =",a)
s=int(input("Enter the number for search"))
binarysearch(a,s,size)
Insertion in Linear list –
def insert(record,n,pos):
i=n-1
record.append(None)
while i>=0 and record[i]>pos:
record[i+1]=record[i]
i=i-1
record[i+1]=pos
print("The inserted list:",record)
record=[]
n=int(input("How many element you want to enter in list"))
for i in range(n):
val=int(input("Enter the element:"))
record.append(val)
pos=int(input("Enter the element which you want to insert"))
print("The original list is:",record)
insert(record,n,pos)
Deletion in Linear list –
def deletion(a,s,size):
f=0
first=0
last=size-1
mid=0
while first<=last and f==0:
mid=(first+last)//2
if a[mid]==s:
f=1
pos=mid
if a[mid]>s:
last=mid-1
if a[mid]<s:
first=mid+1
if f==1:
return pos
else:
return -1
#_____main program______
size=int(input("Enter the size of the list"))
a=[]
for i in range(size):
val=int(input("enter a number"))
a.append(val)
 print("You entered list as =",a)
a.sort()
print("After sorting the List is =",a)
s=int(input("Enter the deleted element:"))
x=deletion(a,s,size)
if x==-1:
print("Element not found")
else:
del a[x]
print("list after deletion:",a)

Bubble Sort in Linear List –

def bubble(a,size):
for i in range(size):
for j in range(size-i-1):
if a[j]>a[j+1]:
c=a[j]
a[j]=a[j+1]
a[j+1]=c
print("Sorted elements are:",a)
#_____main program______
size=int(input("Enter the size of the list"))
a=[]
for i in range(size):
val=int(input("enter a number"))
a.append(val)
print("You entered list as:",a)
x=bubble(a,size)

Insertion Sort in Linear List –

def insertion(a,size):
for i in range(1,size):
t=a[i]
j=i-1
while j>=0 and t<a[j]:
a[j+1]=a[j]
j=j-1
else:
a[j+1]=t
print("Sorted elements are:",a)
#_____main program______
size=int(input("Enter the size of the list"))
a=[]
for i in range(size):
val=int(input("enter a number"))
a.append(val)
print("You entered list as:",a)
x=insertion(a,size)

List Comprehension – A list comprehension is short-hand for a loop that creates a list. A list comprehension is
usually shorter, more readable and more efficient.
Advantages of List Comprehension – List comprehension are considered more Pythonic as they truly represent
Python coding style and also offer these advantages:
1. Code reduction
2. Faster code processing
Examples –
Question1. Write equivalent list comprehension for the following code:
A=[ ]
for a in range(1,6):
A.append(a*2)
Solution – A = [a*2 for a in range(1,6)]
Question2. Write equivalent list comprehension for the following code:
A=[]
for a in range(1,50):
if a%7==0:
A.append(a)
Solution – A = [a for a in range(1,50) if a%7==0]

Question3. What will be the output of the following code?

A = [num if num<5 else num*2 for num in range(2,9)]
Solution – [2,3,4,10,12,14,16]

Question4. Given an input list val below, produce a list namely mul3, using a list comprehension having the
numbers from val that are multiple of 3.
val = [31,15,42,12,5,39,21,61,25]
Solution – mul3 = [a for a in val if a%3==0]

Question5. Consider the following code. What will the list Res be storing?
Res=["Ev" if i%2==0 else "Od" for i in range(10,20)]
print(Res)
Solution – ['Ev', 'Od', 'Ev', 'Od', 'Ev', 'Od', 'Ev', 'Od', 'Ev', 'Od']

Question6. What will be the output of the following code?

[x+y for x in 'ball' for y in 'boy']
Solution – ['bb', 'bo', 'by', 'ab', 'ao', 'ay', 'lb', 'lo', 'ly', 'lb', 'lo', 'ly']

Question7. Write equivalent list comprehension for the following code:

Result = [ ]
for x in [10,5,2]:
for y in [2,3,4]:
Result.append(x**y)
print(Result)
Solution – Result = [x**y for x in[10,5,2] for y in [2,3,4]]
Output – [100, 1000, 10000, 25, 125, 625, 4, 8, 16]

Question8. What will be the output produced by following code?

text=['h','e','l','l','o']
print(text)
vowels="aeiou"
newtext=[ ]
newtext=[x.upper() for x in text if x not in vowels]
print(newtext)
Solution – ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
['H', 'L', 'L']

Question9. What will be the output produced by following code?

ages=[11,14,15,17,13,18,25]
print(ages)
e=[x for x in ages if x in range(14,18)]
print(e)
Solution – [14, 15, 17]