School of Information Science

Introduction to Emerging Technologies

(EMTE 1012)

Instructor: Tsegaye Berhanu

 Chapter 1

Introduction to Emerging Technologies

 Outline
➢Evolution of Technologies

➢Role of Data for Emerging Technologies

➢Enabling devices and networks for Technologies

➢Human to Machine Interaction

➢Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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 Objective of the Course
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
 Develop knowledge about the era of industrial evolutions
 Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution
possible
 Analyze the changing conditions created by the industrial revolution in
both Europe and the united states
 Understand the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain,
continental Europe, and the United States.
 Describe the technological innovations that incited industrialization
 Identifies and understand the programmable device
 Understand the design of human-computer interfaces
 Develop general knowledge about emerging technologies

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 Emerging Technology
 Emerging technology (ET) is a term generally used
to describe a new technology.

 But it may also refer to the continuing development

of existing technology in different areas.

 ET commonly refers to technologies that are

currently developing, or that are expected to be
available within the next five to ten years.
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 Emerging Technology
 Emerging Technologies have slightly different
meanings when used in different areas, such as
media, business, science, or education.

 Emerging technologies usually are creating or

are expected to create significant social or
economic effects.

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 Technology and Evolution
Technology:
 The application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes, especially in industry.
 systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique
 Technology is the skills, methods, and processes used to
achieve goals
Evolution:
 evolution means the process of developing by gradual
changes.
Technological evolution is a theory of radical
transformation of society through technological
development.
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 Introduction to the
Industrial Revolution (IR)
 Industrial Revolution (IR) was a period of major
industrialization and innovation that took place during
the late 1700s and early 1800s.
 An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a
society shifts from using:
 Tools to make products to
 Use new sources of energy, such as coal, to
 Use of power machines in factories.

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 Industrial Revolution

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The revolution started in England, with a series
of innovations to make labor more efficient and
productive.
 The Industrial Revolution was a time when the
manufacturing of goods moved from small shops
and homes to large factories.
 This shift brought about changes in culture as
people moved from rural areas to big cities in
order to work.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The American Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0), started
sometime between 1820 and 1870.
 During the IR, the impact of changing the way items
was manufactured had a wide reach.
 Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass
making, and agriculture all had undergone changes.
 For example, prior to the Industrial Revolution,
textiles were primarily made of wool and were
handspun.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
The industrial revolution comes in four phases
I Industrial Revolution

II Industrial Revolution

III Industrial Revolution

IV Industrial Revolution

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
The following industrial revolutions fundamentally
changed and transferred the world around us into
modern society.
➢ The steam engine
➢ The age of science and mass production
➢ The rise of digital technology
➢Smart and autonomous systems fueled by
data and machine learning
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
Some Inventions of the Industrial Revolution are:
Transportation  Communication.
 The Steam Engine  The Telegraph
 The Railroad  The Transatlantic Cable
 The Diesel Engine  The Phonograph
 The Airplane  The Telephone
 Industry:
 The Cotton Gin
 The Sewing Machine
 Electric Lights
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 Historical Background of IR
(IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
 The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the
late 1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.
 The first European countries to be industrialized after
England were Belgium, France, and the German states.
 The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the
effects created by the Agricultural Revolution.
 The Industrial Revolution began in Britain to increase
the food production, which was the key outcome of the
Agricultural Revolution.
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 Industrial Revolution
The four types of industries are:
 The primary industry involves getting raw
materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
 The secondary industry involves manufacturing
 e.g. making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service
 e.g. teaching and nursing.
 The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries e.g. IT.
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 First Industrial Revolution
(IR 1.0)
 The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a
transition to new manufacturing processes.
 The IR 1.0 was begun in the 1760s
 The transitions in the first Industrial Revolution
included:
 going from hand production methods to using machines,
 mechanization through water(steam power) and coal
 development of machine tools
 rise of the factory system.
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 First Industrial Revolution
(IR 1.0)

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 Second Industrial Revolution
(IR 2.0)
 The Second IR, also known as the Technological
Revolution, began somewhere in the 1870s.
 The advancements in IR 2.0 included:
 Manufacturing interchangeable parts
 Railroad networks
 Mass production and assembly lines using electricity
 Telegraph
 Telephones for Communication

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 Second Industrial Revolution
(IR 2.0)

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 Third Industrial Revolution
(IR 3.0)
 IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and
analog electronic technology to digital electronics
which began from the late 1950s.
 Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was
given the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
 The core factor of this revolution is:
 Mass production
 Digital logic circuits (computers and automation
machines, handphones, the Internet etc.)
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 Third Industrial Revolution
(IR 3.0)
 These technological innovations have enabling
people to communicate with another without
the need of being physically present.
 Certain practices that were enabled during IR
3.0 is still being practiced until this current day
 Example of IR 3.0 is the production of digital
computers and digital records.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution
(IR 4.0)
 The IR 4.0 is characterized by the new advancements
in various technologies such as:
 AI
 Robotics
 Internet Of Things
 Additive Manufacturing
 Autonomous Vehicles
 Smart Grid
 Medical Monitoring,
 Industrial Control Systems
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 The technologies mentioned above are what you
called cyber-physical systems.

 A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is

controlled or monitored by computer-based
algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its
users.

 The IR 4.0 is Enhanced with smart and autonomous

systems fueled by data and machine learning.
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
 One example that is being widely practiced in IR 4.0
is the usage of Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
machines.
 CNC machines are operated by giving it instructions
using a computer.
 The term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” was coined
by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman
of World Economic Forum, in the year 2016.

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

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Introduction to Emerging Technologies
 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic
asset since we are living in the age of big data.
 Data drives or even determines the future of
science, technology, the economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.
 Data is the source of innovation and economic
opportunities.

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 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 The innovation and economic opportunities
could be created, transformed, and adjusted by
understanding, exploring, and utilizing data.

 Data-intensive scientific discovery as an

emerging technology, is the so-called “fourth
industrial revolution,”

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 Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 Data science and data analytics that enables data-
driven theory, economy, and professional
development is increasingly being recognized.
 Data science involves in all disciplines such as:
 Computing
 Informatics
 Statistics
 Business
 Social science, and health/medical science.
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 Enabling Devices and Networks
(Programmable devices)
 In the world of digital electronic systems,
there are four basic kinds of devices:
➢Memory devices
➢Microprocessor devices
➢Logic devices
➢Network devices

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 Enabling Devices and Networks
(Programmable devices)
 Memory devices: store random information such as
the contents of a spreadsheet or database.

 Microprocessors: execute software instructions to

perform a wide variety of tasks such as running a word
processing program or video game.

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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
Logic devices provide specific functions, including:
 Device-to-device interfacing
 Data communication
 Signal processing
 Data display
 Timing and control operations, and
 Almost every other function a system must
perform.
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 Enabling Devices and Network
(Programmable devices)
 The network is a collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other
devices connected to one another to allow the sharing
of data.

 An excellent example of a network is the Internet,

which connects millions of people all over the world
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 Programmable devices

Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?

• Because what makes a computer is that it follows a
set of instructions.
• Many electronic devices are computers that perform
only one operation, but they are still following
35 instructions that reside permanently in the unit.
 Programmable devices
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
 Channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit
(DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers
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 Examples of Programmable devices
 Achronix Speedster SPD60
 Actel’s
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip
(PSoC) family
 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
 Silicon Blue Technologies
 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
 Xmos Semiconductor L series
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 Human to Machine Interaction
(HMI/HCI)
 Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the
communication and interaction between a
human and a computer (machine) via a user
interface.
 Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as
gestures have gained increasing attention as they
allow humans to control machines through
natural and intuitive behaviors
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 HCI-Human to Machine Interaction
 HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of
how people interact with computers and to what
extent computers are or are not developed for
successful interaction with human beings.
 As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:
 The user
 The computer itself, and
 The ways they work together.

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 Human to Machine Interaction
How do users interact with computers?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for
the human input and output such as displays,
e.g. through a graphical user interface.
 The user interacts with the computer over this
software interface using the given input and
output (I/O) hardware.

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 How important is HCI?
 The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction
between users and computers by making
computers more user-friendly and
approachable to the user's needs.
 The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease
of deployment & operations and cost savings for
smaller set-ups.
 They also reduce solution design time and
integration complexity.
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 Human to Machine Interaction
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction.
 Cognitive psychology
 Computer science:
 Linguistics.
 Engineering and design.
 Artificial intelligence.
 Human factors.

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 Currently available Emerged Technologies
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Blockchain
 Augmented Reality (AR)
 Virtual Reality (VR)
 Cloud Computing
 Angular and React
 DevOps (development and operations)
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
 Big Data
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 BLOCKCHAIN
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Some emerging technologies that will shape the future
of you and your business
 Emerging technologies are taking over our minds more and
more each day.
 Emerging Technologies sound like tools that will only affect
the top tier of technology companies who employ the
world’s top 1% of geniuses. This is totally wrong.
 Chatbots, virtual/augmented reality, blockchain, Ephemeral
Apps and Artificial Intelligence are already shaping your life
whether you like it or not.
 At the end of the day, you can either adapt or die.

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