Base System
By Ananddeep Mishra, MOP, ALLEN MUMBAI
DECIMAL SYSTEM
1. If a number is divisible by 10 then the possible remainders are
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
2. These remainders are called as digits and the number system is called as
decimal number system.
3. Decimal expansion: 234 = 2*102 + 3*101 + 4*100
4. Therefore the base of decimal number system is 10.
What is base?
Base can be any number more than or equal to 2.
It is also called as radix.
If the base is x then the digits are 0,1,2,3,4,...,x-1
If the base is more than 10 then remainders may go from 10 to x-1. In this notation
we will represent A=10, B=11, C=12 and so on.
For Base 13, digits are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C
(X)y -> 0<=X<Y
(XXXXXX… m times)y = ym-1
Base is 2 - Binary System
When any number is divided by 2, we get the remainders as 0 or 1.
These are called as binary digits -> bits.
Correct Binary numbers: 101010111, 1010100 etc.
Invalid Binary numbers: 202022221, 342211000
Binary expansion: (101111)2 = 1*25 + 0*24 + 1*23 + 1*22 + 1*21 + 1*20 =
32+8+4+2+1 = 47
47 is the decimal value of 101111
(2)3 + (3)4 = (X)5 If X is a single digit number then X=?
(2)3 + (3)4 = (X)5 If X is a single digit number then X=?
(2)3 = 31-1 = 2
(3)4 = 41-1 = 3
2+3 = 5
If X is a single digit number then X =5 in base 5 is not possible thus X does
not exist.
If X is not a single digit number then X = 10 in base 5
How many 3-digit numbers in base 10 are also 3-digit
numbers in both base 9 and base 11?
How many 3-digit numbers in base 10 are also 3-digit
numbers in both base 9 and base 11?
For base 9 -> Lowest 3-digit number is 100 => 81 of decimal
-> highest 3-digit number is 888 => 93-1 = 728 of decimal
For base 11 -> Lowest 3-digit number is 100 => 121 of decimal
-> highest 3-digit number is AAA => 1330 of decimal
Thus number of 3-digit numbers which are also 3-digit number in base 9 and base
11 are 121, 122, 123, … , 728 = 728 - 121 +1 = 608
(245)x + (162)x - (427)x = 0, find x.
(245)x + (162)x - (427)x = 0, find x.
(245)x = 2x2+4x+5
(162)x = x2+6x+2
(427)x = 4x2+2x+7
Thus (245)x + (162)x - (427)x = (2x2+4x+5)+(x2+6x+2)-(4x2+2x+7) = 0
=> -x2 + 8x = 0
=> x = 0 or 8, (x = 0 is rejected)
Thus x = 8 (since all digits are less than 8, hence accepted)
(11x1y)8 = (12C9)16 Find the value of x and y.
(11x1y)8 = (12C9)16 Find the value of x and y.
84+83+82*x + 8 +y = 163 + 2*162 + 16*12 + 9
84 = (23)4 = 212 and 163 = (24)3 = 212
83 = 29 and 2*162 = 29
Therefore 64x + y + 8 = 192+9
64x + y = 193
Diophantine equation
x=3 and y = 1
WORKSHEET
1. (123)5 = (x8)y Find the ordered pairs (x,y)
2. (73)x = (54)y Find the possible solutions of the given equation.
3. A number N in base 10 is 503 in base b and 305 in base (b+2). What is the
product of digits of N? (IOQM - 2020)
4.
Answer Key
1. 3
2. 3-5t and 4-7t
3. 64
