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‘To measure diameter of a given wire and thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.
Aim
To measure diameter of a given wire using screw gauge.
Apparatus
Screw gauge, wire, half-metre scale and magnifying lens
Theory
1. If with the wire between plane faces A and B, the edge of the cap lies ahead of Mb
division of linear scale.
Then, linear scale reading (L.S.R.) = N
I nth division of circular scale lies over reference line.
Then, circular scale reading (C.S.R.) = n x (L.C.) (L.C. is least count of screw gauge)
Total reading (T.R.) = L.S.R. + C.S.R. = N#nx (L.C.).
2. If D be the mean diameter and | be the mean length of the wire, Volume of the wire,
ver 2
Diagram
Fig. Screw gauge measuring diameter of the wire.
Observations Determination of Least Count of the Screw Gauge . 1 L.S.D.= 1 mm
Number of full rotations given to screw = 5
Distance moved by the screw = 5 mm
Hence, pitch p = 5 mm/5 = 1 mm
Number of divisions on circular scale = 100
Hence, least count, =1 mm/100 = 0.01 mm = 0.001 cm.
Zero Error=c= NIL
Table for diameter (D)
‘SI No. LINEAR SCALE Circular Scale Reading Total Reading
READING (N) No of Circular Value Observed: Corrected readin:
Scale division [nx(L.C)]
‘onreference line D, = N+nx (1.0) D=Do+e
(n) °
1 0 67 0.067 0.067 0.067
2 0 2 0.062 0.062 0.062
3 0 6 0.065 0.065 0.065
Mean= 0.065
Length of the wire=5 cm
Diameter D= 0.065 cm
Volume of the wire,
2
Ve (2) 1
2 = 0.0165 cm3 Observations:
Thickness of the paper:
SI No.] LINEAR SCALE Circular Scale Reading Total Reading
READING (N) No of Circular Value ‘Observed: Corrected reading:
Scale division | —[nx(L.C)]
onreference ting D,=N+nx (L.0) D=Dote
1 0 85 0.085 0.085, 0.085,
2 0 86 0.086 0.086 0.086
3 0 83 0.083 0.083 0.083
Mean= 0.085 cm
Thickness of the paper= 0.085 cm
Precautions
1. To avoid undue pressure; the screw should always be rotated by ratchet R and not
by cap K.
2. The screw should move freely without friction
3. The zero correction, with proper sign should be noted very carefully and added
algebraically. . For same set of observations, the screw should be moved in the same direction to
avoid back-lash error of the screw.
. At each place, the diameter of the wire should be measured in two perpendicular
directions and then the mean of the two be taken.
. Readings should be taken at least for five different places equally spaced along the
whole length of the wire.
. Error due to parallax should be avoided.
Sources of error
RON=
. The screw may have friction.
. The screw gauge may have back-lash error.
. Circular scale divisions may not be of equal size.
._ The wire may not be uniform.
