Textile Effects

NOVACRON® S reactive dyes

Warm exhaust dyeing

Textile Competence: Effects

NOVACRON® S

4% 2% 1%

Yellow S-3R
Cost-effective trichromatic
element

Orange W-3R
Cost-effective trichromatic
element especially for
brown shades

Red S-2G
Bright red

Deep Red S-B

Very cost-effective for
deep combination shades

Red W-B
Brilliant red with excellent
washing fastness

Red S-2B
Basis for combination
shades with good chlorine
fastness

Dark Blue S-GL

Trichromatic element for
medium shades with impro-
ved light fastness
 Recommended trichromatic combinations for
NOVACRON® S

Standard trichromy for deep shades

Yellow S-3R Deep Red S-B Navy S-G

Scarlet, deep red and burgundy shades

Red S-2G Deep Red S-B Red S-2B

Navy shade Super Black shades

Navy S-G Super Black G Super Black R

Medium depth shades

Yellow S-3R Red S-2B Dark Blue S-GL

Pale shades with high light fastness: NOVACRON FN*

Yellow FN-2R Red FN-2BL Blue FN-R

Green, brilliant blue, turquoise: Smile Green concept*

Brilliant Yellow Brilliant Blue Turquoise
H-4GN H-GR H-GN

* Details covered in seperat pocket cards.

Coverage of Coverage of Discharge Discharge
dead cotton barry CV neutral to SD alkaline to SD

䊒 䊒 1/1 1/1

䊏 䊏 2/1 2/1

䊒 䊏 1/3 1/6

䊒 䊒 1/3 1/3

䊒 䊒 – –

䊒 䊏 1/6 1/6

䊐 䊒 1/1 1/1
 Post- Post-bleaching Red. stripping Partial
mercerization stripping
(Huntsman
internal test)

䊒 䊏 䊏 39%

䊒 䊐 䊒 74%

䊐 䊐 䊐 53%

䊒 䊒 䊒 47%

䊒 – 䊒 30%

䊐 䊒 䊒 45%

䊒 䊒 䊒 33%
Artificial light Solubility g/l in water Solubility g/l
(Tungsten) with salt

30°C 60°C 60°C

RR 100 100 30

RBr 100 100 30

YYBr 100 100 30

YYBr 100 100 30

YYBr 100 100 30

YYBr 100 100 30

G 100 100 30
 Xenon lamp Xenon Washing Washing
ISO 105 B02 AATCC 60°C/C1S 60°C/C1S
SD 1/1 SD 1x 5x

1/3 1/1 20 AFU 40 AFU Ch CO Ch CO

4 4–5 5 4–5 5 5 4–5 4–5

3–4 4 4–5 4–5 4–5 5 4–5 4–5

3 3–4 4–5 4 5 5 5 5

4 4–5 5 4–5 5 5 4–5 4–5

3–4 –4 4–5 4 5 4–5 4–5 4–5

3–4 4 5 4–5 4–5 5 4–5 5

4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5
Peroxide washing Perspiration Perspiration
95°C/E2S alkaline acid

Ch CO Ch CO Ch CO

4–5 4–5 4–5 5 5 5

4–5 5 5 4–5 5 4–5

5 5 4–5 5 5 5

4–5 4 4–5 5 5 5

3Bl 4–5 4–5 4 5 4

5 5 5 5 5 5

5 5 5 5 5 5
 Water M&S C10A Chlorinated
pale standard water
shade shade

Ch CO Ch Ch 10 mg/l 20 mg/l
Ch Ch

5 5 5 5 3–4 2–3

5 5 4–5R 4–5D 3–4RD 3RD

5 5 3–4 4–5 3 2–3

4–5 5 5 5 5 5

5 4–5 2 2 3 2–3

5 5 5 5 5 5

5 5 4R 5 4 3–4
Dyeing method for 100% CEL

For medium shades

°C °F

90 194

80 * 176

70 158
10' 20' 15 – 30' 30' 30 – 40'
60 140

50 Aux. Salt Soda ash 122

Dyes or Soda ash/NaOH
40 or ALBATEX® SA 200 104

30 86
dispensed or in portions

For deep shades

°C °F

90 194

80 * 176

70 158
10' 20' 15 – 30' 30' 30 – 40'
60 140

50 Aux. Dyes Soda ash 122

Salt or Soda ash/NaOH
40 or ALBATEX® SA 200 104

30 86
dispensed or in portions

* higher migration temperature at 80°C/176°F is recommended for dyeing delicate

fabrics, such as mercerized cotton, viscose, Modal, Lyocell or blends with elastane,
or fabrics difficult to penetrate
 Dyeing method for 100% CEL

For black shades

°C °F

90 194

80 * 176

70 158
10' 15' 15 – 30' 30' 40'
60 140

50 Aux. Dye Soda ash/NaOH 122

Salt
40 104

30 86
dispensed or in portions

Washing off

• 10 min rinse at 50°C/122°F

• 10 min neutralize at 50°C/122°F (with acetic acid)
• 15 min soap at 95°C/203°F with 0.5–2 g/l ERIOPON® R LIQ or
1–2 g/l ALBATEX® DS
• 10 min rinse at 50°C/122°F
• 10 min rinse cold

For deep shades we recommend an additional rinse at 95°C/203°F.

Salt and alkali recommendation

Liquor ratio below 8:1

With soda ash

Dye % <0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4 >5
Salt g/l 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Soda ash g/l 10 12 14 16 18 20 20

With mixed alkali

Dye % <0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4 >5
Salt g/l 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Soda ash g/l 10 5 5 5 5 5 5
NaOH** ml/l – 0.75 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3

With ALBATEX® SA-200

Dye % <0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4 >5
Salt g/l 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ALBATEX
SA-200* % 2.5 2.75 3 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5

Recommendations for black (Liquor ratio below and above 8:1)

NOVACRON % 4 and above
Salt g/l 100
Soda ash g/l 5
NaOH
36°Bé ml/l 3
Salt and alkali recommendation

Liquor ratio above 8:1

With soda ash

Dye % <0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4 >5
Salt g/l 30 40 50 60 80 90 100
Soda ash g/l 8 10 12 14 16 18 18

With mixed alkali

Dye % <0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4 >5
Salt g/l 30 40 50 60 80 90 100
Soda ash g/l 8 5 5 5 5 5 5
NaOH** ml/l – 0.5 1.0 1.25 1.5 2 2.5

With ALBATEX® SA-200

Dye % <0.5 0.5 1 2 3 4 >5
Salt g/l 30 40 50 60 80 90 100
ALBATEX
SA-200* g/l 2.5 2.75 3 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5

Notes
Salt
The same amount of common salt (NaCl) or Glauber’s salt
anhydrous (Na2SO4) can be used. If Glauber’s salt cryst.
(Na2SO4. 10H2O) is used, the amount of salt must be doubled.

* Recommended amounts of ALBATEX SA-200 in g/l for liquor ratio 8:1 and above;
in % for liquor ratio below 8:1
** NaOH 36°Bé/66°Tw
Pretreatment products

CLARITE® GS Processor for batchwise, discontinuous systems.

bleach-processor Crystallization and precipitation-inhibiting action in heavily
soiled bleaching systems such as one-stage rapid
bleaching, and in extremely short-liquor-ratio machines.
Contains no surfactant; anionic.

CLARITE® COM Combination product for batch-wise bleaching with per-

bleach-processor oxide. Regulates the formation of active oxygen.
No other additions to the bleach bath required than
hydrogen peroxide and alkali. Good detergency and
emulsifying properties. Anionic/nonionic.

INVADINE® DA Low foaming wetting agent and detergent for discontinu-

surfactant ous pretreatment and continuous immersion processes.
Good detergency/emulsifying properties and good
hydrophilicity of the goods. Very effective also on syn-
thetics and elastane. APEO-free, anionic/nonionic.

ULTRAVON® EL Dissolves grease and oil readily. High wetting/detergent/

surfactant dispersing power reinforced by a crystallization-retarding
complexing action. Low-foaming, stable at high alkali
concentrations (up to 300 g/l caustic soda 100%).
Suitable for enzymatic desizing. Stain-removing action at
high concentrations. APEO-free, anionic.

INVATEX® AC Special cracking agent to optimize the washing process,

cracking agent mainly applied after bleaching or mercerizing. Core neu-
tralization of the cellulose fiber and extremely clean fabrics
through thorough removal of traces of impurities at the final
rinsing stage. High complexing/dispersing power and
threshold effect. Contains no phosphorous or surfactant,
anionic.

INVATEX® SA Versatile sequestrant mixture, especially for acid and alka-

cracking agent line cracking. Marked retardation of crystallization, high
capacity to inactivate heavy metal ions in highly alkaline
media. Stable to oxidation and effective at high alkali con-
centrations (>300 g/l caustic soda 100%). Prevents pre-
cipitation in causticizing, mercerizing and caustic soda
recuperation baths. Contains no surfactant, anionic.

Stabilized, liquid catalase. The catalase enzyme removes

INVAZYME® CAT the hydrogen peroxide specifically by splitting it into oxy-
enzyme gen and water. Improves shade reproducibility
without loss of color yield with dyes that are sensitive
to oxidation processes. Outstanding biodegradability. Very
broad application spectrum: pH 3–10 and temperature
up to 65°C.
Pretreatment for cotton and its blends,
including elastane

Discontinuous peroxide bleach/SMART PREP

0.5–1.5 ml/l CLARITE® GS
1.0–2.0 ml/l INVADINE® DA or ULTRAVON® EL
1.0–2.5 g/l NaOH 100%
2.0–10 ml/l H2O2 35% or
2.5–4.0 ml/l CLARITE® COM
1.0–2.5 g/l NaOH 100%
2.0–10 ml/l H2O2 35%

Liquor ratio: 4:1–20:1

Temperature: 90–98°C (ULTRA BLEACH up to 115°C)
Reaction time: 20–60 min (ULTRA BLEACH up to 20 min)
Cooling/rinsing combined or separate hot rinse; drain.
Neutralizing/final clearing with INVATEX® AC at 40–60°C
for 5–10 min.
Without draining, remove peroxide with INVAZYME® CAT at 40–60°C
for 5–10 min; dyeing can be performed in the same bath.
For goods with high alkaline earth and heavy metal ion contents, it is
advisable to carry out an acid cracking process before bleaching to
enhance effects and process safety.

Discontinuous acid cracking

0.5–2.0 ml/l INVATEX® SA
1.0–2.0 ml/l INVADINE® DA or ULTRAVON® EL

Liquor ratio: 4:1–20:1/temperature: 30–60°C

Reaction time: 20–30 min/hot rinse; continue with bleaching
For dark shades, which do not require bleaching, it is advisable to
carry out an alkaline cracking process to remove greases, waxes, oils
and other kinds of impurities.

Discontinuous alkaline cracking

1.0–4.0 g/l NaOH 100% or soda ash
0.5–1.0 ml/l INVATEX® SA
1.0–2.0 ml/l INVADINE® DA or ULTRAVON® EL

Liquor ratio: 4:1–20:1/temperature: 90–98°C

Reaction time: 20–40 min/hot rinse
Neutralizing/final clearing with INVATEX® AC at 40–60°C
for 5–10 min.
 Chlorinated M&S C10A Water
water pale standard
shade shade

10 mg/l 20 mg/l Ch Ch Ch CO
Ch Ch

4–5 4–5 4–5 5 5 5

2 1 2R 3R 5 5

4–5 4–5 – 4Bn 5 4–5

4–5 4–5 – 4–5Bn 5 5

4–5 4–5 – 4R 5 4–5

Perspiration Perspiration Peroxide washing
acid alkaline 95°C/E2S

Ch CO Ch CO Ch CO

5 5 5 5 5 4–5

5 5 5 5 4–5 4

5 5 5 5 5 4–5

5 5 5 5 5 4–5

5 4–5 5 4–5 5 4–5

 Washing Washing Xenon Xenon lamp
60°C/C1S 60°C/C1S AATCC ISO 105 B02
5x 1x N/L - B/L SD

Ch CO Ch CO 20 AFU 40 AFU 1/1

N/L
5 5 5 5 5 4–5 3–4 4–5

N/L
4–5 4–5 4–5 4–5 4–5 4 3–4 4–5

B/L
5 4–5 5 4–5 4–5 4–5 – 5

B/L
5 4–5 5 5 5 4–5 – 5

B/L
4–5 5 5 5 5 4–5 – 5

N/L = Navy light, B/L = Black light

Solubility g/l Solubility g/l in water Artificial light
in salt (Tungsten)

60°C 60°C 30°C

30 100 100 RDe

30 100 100 RRDe

30 100 100 RDe

30 100 100 RR

30 100 100 RR
Partial stripping Red. stripping Post-bleaching Post-
mercerization
(Huntsman
internal test)

40%

75% – –

75%

56%

58% –
 Discharge Discharge Coverage of Coverage of
alkaline to SD neutral to SD barry CV dead cotton

N/L N/L

N/L N/L

B/L B/L

B/L B/L

B/L B/L
Auxiliaries for exhaust processing of CEL

ALBAFLOW® FFW
Penetration accelerant. Anionic. 0.5–2.0 g/l
ALBATEX® AB-55
Acid buffer – process control. Anionic
LR 8:1 0.5–5 g/l // LR < 8:1 0.5–5%
ALBAFLUID® CD*
Lubricant. Anionic. 0.5–2g/l
LYOPRINT® RG
Reduction inhibitor/oxidizing agent. Anionic. 1–3 g/l
ALBATEX® DS
Protective colloid. Anionic. 0.5–3 g/l
ALBATEX® SA-200
Buffered liquid alkali – process control.
LR 8:1 2.5–6.5 g/l // LR < 8:1 2.5–6.5%
ERIOPON® R LIQ
After-clearing agent. Anionic. 0.5–2 g/l
ALBAFIX® ECO
Fixative. Cationic. 1–3%

Key
Artificial light yellower Y
bluer Bl
greener G
redder R
weaker, lighter W
deeper, stronger De
duller, flatter D
brighter Br
Fastness Shade change Ch
Staining of cotton CO
Methods In portions
or dispensed
Key Very good Highly recommended 䊏
Good Recommended 䊒
Moderate Limited 䊐
Poor Not recommended –
Automated progressive dispensing of alkali for dyeing cellulose-containing fabrics is
covered by EP patent 126.042 (Adcon/Hoechst)

* An addition of 2–4 g/l ALBAFLUID CD is also highly recommended in pretreatment

under difficult machine conditions, such as low liquor ratio, and delicate fabrics, e.g.
viscose, Modal, Lyocell or blends with elastane.
 NOVACRON® S

1% 4% 8%

Navy S-G
Basis for combination
shades with good chlorine
fastness

Navy W-B
Economical trichromatic
element

Black concept

4% 6% 8%

Black W-NN
Element for deep black
shades

3% 5% 7%

Super Black G
Element for “super black”
shades (greenish cast)

3% 5% 7%

Super Black R
Element for “super black”
shades (reddish cast)
Highlights

Properties Customer benefits

Outstanding build up Cost saving
Based on special reactive chemistry “Sunrise” Deep shades with low amount of dyes.
combining several chromophores in one dye. Lower consumption of salt and alkali.
High color strength. New options for deep shades.
Allows shade depths previously not attainable
with reactive dyes (especially black and deep
red shades).
Cost-effective recipes.
Good overall fastness level Performance
Washing, perspiration, light and chlorine fast- All usual retailer fastness requirements met in
ness levels meet common requirements. medium to deep shades.
Homogeneous range Productivity
Consistent application properties. Less re-dyeing. Less dyes in waste water.
High degree of fixation. High output per dyeing machine. Easier
Good reproducibility. to wash off; energy, water and time saving.
Good lab-to-bulk and bulk-to-bulk
reproducibility.
Innovative Future oriented
Ciba Specialty Chemicals’ research team New solutions focusing on new requirements
created new molecules based on customers’ of customers worldwide.
feedback.
No negative impact on environment Ecology
Within the defined limits for heavy metals. Specific fastness requirements of Oeko-Tex
100 are fulfilled, including for baby clothing.

Copyright © 2007 Huntsman. All rights reserved.

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Huntsman Advanced Materials LLC, or its appropriate affiliate. Huntsman warrants that at the time and place of delivery all Products sold to Buyer shall conform to the specifications
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While the information and recommendations included in this publication are, to the best of Huntsman’s knowledge, accurate as of the date of publication, NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN
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NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, OR WARRANTIES AS TO QUALITY OR CORRESPONDENCE WITH PRIOR DESCRIPTION OR SAMPLE, AND THE BUYER
ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF SUCH PRODUCT, WHETHER USED SINGLY OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES.
No statements or recommendations made herein are to be construed as a representation about the suitability of any Product for the particular application of Buyer or user or as an
inducement to infringe any patent or other intellectual property right. Buyer is responsible to determine the applicability of such information and recommendations and the suitability of
any Product for its own particular purpose, and to ensure that its intended use of the Product does not infringe any intellectual property rights.
The Product may be or become hazardous. The Buyer should obtain Material Safety Data Sheets and Technical Data Sheets from Huntsman containing detailed information on Product
hazards and toxicity, together with proper shipping, handling and storage procedures for the Product, and should comply with all applicable governmental laws, regulations and stan-
dards relating to the handling, use, storage, distribution and disposal of, and exposure to the Product. Buyer shall also take all steps necessary to adequately inform, warn and
familiarize its employees, agents, direct and indirect customers and contractors who may handle or be exposed to the Product of all hazards pertaining to and proper procedures for
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172004e.doc—November 2007, Printed in Switzerland.