Calculus:
Derivatives
Definition
𝑑 ′ 𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 = lim
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ
It is a
COMMAND
telling to get the
derivative of a
given function Called as the Formula used to
derivative of a find the derivative
given function
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Example: Find the derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 3 using the definition of
the derivative.
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓′ 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ 5ℎ
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
5 𝑥 + ℎ + 3 − [5𝑥 + 3]
𝑓′ 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 5
5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 3 − 5𝑥 − 3
𝑓′ 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
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Try This!
Find the derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 6𝑥 + 2
Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1, find 𝑓′(3)
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 6
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Common Derivative Rule
Examples:
Constant Rule
𝜋
Given 𝑓 𝑥 = , find 𝑓′(𝑥)
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If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐; then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 0
Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝜋𝑒 −8 , find 𝑓′(𝑥)
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Common Derivative Rule
Examples:
Power Rule Find the derivative of the
following functions:
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 , when 𝑛 is a a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 9 𝟗𝒙𝟖
real number; then
3 𝟐
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2
𝟑𝒙𝟏/𝟑
1 𝟑
c. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 −
𝒙𝟒
d. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝟏
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Common Derivative Rule
The Derivative of a Sum
If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are differentiable at 𝑥, then
𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Example:
Find the derivative of the following functions:
a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 3 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐
𝟑
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b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑥 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟓 +
𝟐𝒙𝟏/𝟐
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Common Derivative Rule
The Derivative of a Difference
If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are differentiable at 𝑥, then
𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 − 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Example:
Find the derivative of the following functions:
𝟏
a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 −
𝒙𝟏/𝟐
5 𝟏𝟎
𝑏. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 − 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑
𝑥2 𝒙
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Higher Order Derivative
Find the 4th derivative of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 1
𝒇𝟒 𝒙 = 𝟕𝟐
Find the 2nd derivative of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 2
𝒇′′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔
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Common Derivative Rule
The Product Rule
If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are differentiable at 𝑥, then
𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Example:
Find the derivative of the following:
a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟗
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b. 𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 4 + 3𝑥)(5𝑥 2 − 𝑥) 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟓 + 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐
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Common Derivative Rule
The Quotient Rule
If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are differentiable at 𝑥, then
𝑑 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 [𝑔 𝑥 ]2
Example:
Find the derivative of the following:
𝑥 2 +1 −𝒙𝟒 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑
a. ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 −3𝑥
′
𝒉 𝒙 =
(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙)𝟐
3𝑥−2 𝟏𝟑
b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥+1 𝒇′ 𝒙 =
(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐
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More Examples
Find the derivative of the following functions.
𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 1
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐
ℎ 𝑥 = (3𝑥 2 − 4)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥)
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐
3𝑥 + 5
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥2 + 4
′
−𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 =
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐
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Thanks!
Any questions?
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