ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
1.4 TOPOLOGIES OF FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
Basic amplifiers are voltage, current, transconductance, transresistance amplifier.
These can be connected in a feedback configuration as shown in figure.
Fig 1.4.1. feedback configuration
(Source: Microelectronics by J. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-217)
Voltage Amplifier:
Voltage amplifier is used to amplify input voltage signal and provide amplified
input voltage at the output.
Signal source is a voltage signal hence it in thevenin’s equivalent circuit.
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ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Feedback topology suitable for Voltage Amplifier is voltage sampling and series
mixing.
This topology is known as series-shunt feedback topology or voltage series
feedback.
Current Amplifier:
Current amplifier are used to amplify input current signal and provide
amplified input Current at the output
Signal source is a Current signal hence it in Norton’s equivalent circuit
Feedback topology suitable for Current Amplifier is Current sampling and Shunt
mixing.
This topology is known as shunt-series f/b topology or Current shunt f/b
Transconductance Amplifier:
Transconductance amplifier with a thevenin’s equivalent in its input circuit and
Norton’s equivalent in output circuit
Ri>>Rs,Vi = Vs ; Ro>>RL , IL=GmVi
Feedback topology suitable for Voltage Transconductance Amplifier is Current
sampling and series mixing.
This topology is known as series-series feedback topology or Current series
feedback
Transresistance Amplifier:
Transresistance amplifier with a Norton’s equivalent in its input circuit and
thevenin’s equivalent in output circuit
Ri<<Rs , Ii = Is ; Ro<<RL , Vo= RmVi
Feedback topology suitable for transresistane Amplifier is Voltage sampling and
shunt mixing.
This topology is known as shunt-shunt feedback topology or voltage shunt
feedback.
Voltage-Series Feedback
In the voltage series feedback circuit, a fraction of the output voltage is applied in
series with the input voltage through the feedback circuit.
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ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
This is also known as shunt-driven series-fed feedback, i.e., a parallel-series
circuit.
The following figure 1.4.2 shows the block diagram of voltage series feedback,
by which it is evident that the feedback circuit is placed in shunt with the output
but in series with the input.
Fig.1.4.2. voltage series feedback circuit
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-218)
As the feedback circuit is connected in shunt with the output, the output
impedance is decreased and due to the series connection with the input, the input
impedance is increased.
Voltage-Shunt Feedback
In the voltage shunt feedback circuit, a fraction of the output voltage is applied in
parallel with the input voltage through the feedback network.
This is also known as shunt-driven shunt-fed feedback i.e., a parallel-parallel
proto type.
The below figure 1.4.3 shows the block diagram of voltage shunt feedback, by
which it is evident that the feedback circuit is placed in shunt with the output and
also with the input.
Fig1.4.3. voltage shunt feedback circuit
(Source: Microelectronics byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-219)
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ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
As the feedback circuit is connected in shunt with the output and the input as
well, both the output impedance and the input impedance are decreased.
Current-Series Feedback
In the current series feedback circuit, a fraction of the output voltage is applied in
series with the input voltage through the feedback circuit.
This is also known as series-driven series-fed feedback i.e., a series-series
circuit.
The following figure1.4.4 shows the block diagram of current series feedback, by
which it is evident that the feedback circuit is placed in series with the output and
also with the input.
Fig 1.4.4. current series feedback circuit
(Source: “ Microelectronics” byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-220)
As the feedback circuit is connected in series with the output and the input as
well, both the output impedance and the input impedance are increased.
Current-Shunt Feedback
In the current shunt feedback circuit, a fraction of the output voltage is applied in
series with the input voltage through the feedback circuit.
This is also known as series-driven shunt-fed feedback i.e., a series-parallel
circuit.
The below figure1.4.5 shows the block diagram of current shunt feedback, by
which it is evident that the feedback circuit is placed in series with the output but
in parallel with the input.
As the feedback circuit is connected in series with the output, the output
impedance is increased and due to the parallel connection with the input, the
input impedance is decreased.
EC8452 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS-II
ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Fig1.4.5. current shunt feedback circuit
(Source: “ Microelectronics” byJ. Millman and A. Grabel, , 2nd ed., Page-221)
Let us now tabulate the amplifier characteristics that get affected by different
types of negative feedbacks.
Types of Feedback
Characteristics Voltage- Voltage- Current- Current-
Series Shunt Series Shunt
Voltage Gain Decreases Decreases Decreases Decreases
Bandwidth Increases Increases Increases Increases
Input resistance Increases Decreases Increases Decreases
Output resistance Decreases Decreases Increases Increases
Harmonic
Decreases Decreases Decreases Decreases
distortion
Noise Decreases Decreases Decreases Decreases
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