Dynamic Planet B - Dynamic Planet B - Dick Smith Memorial - 12-11-2021

Please read all instructions carefully to ensure you are entering in the format required for the autograding to work properly.

Use the drainage basin image above to answer the following questions. Your answer should be a single digit number with no decimal.

1. (0.50 pts) What is the Strahler stream order at location A?

2. (0.50 pts) What is the Strahler stream order at location B?

3. (0.50 pts) What is the Strahler stream order at location C?

4. (0.50 pts) What is the Strahler stream order at location D?

 3

5. (0.50 pts) What is the Strahler stream order at location E?

6. (0.50 pts) What is the Strahler stream order at location F?

7. (1.00 pts) If the drainage basin map above were zoomed out showing a larger scale, what affect would it have on the assignment of the stream order?

A) It would make no difference

B) All stream orders would be lower

C) Some stream orders would be lower

D) All stream orders would be higher

E) Some stream orders would be higher

F) Some stream orders would be higher and some would be lower

8. (1.00 pts) The point where two tributaries meet is called the...

A) Congruence

B) Conflagration

C) Connection

D) Confluence

E) Conflation

9. (2.00 pts) A drainage pattern is governed by: (select all that apply)

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A) The gradient of the land

B) The temperature of the water

C) The pH of the water

D) The hardness or softness of the rocks

E) The longitude of the land

F) The topography of the land

10. (1.00 pts) Identify the drainage pattern in the following picture:

A) Trellis

B) Dendritic

C) Rectangular
 D) Simplistic

E) None of the above

11. (1.00 pts) Identify the drainage pattern in the following picture:

A) Isosceles

B) Parallel

C) Radial

D) Distorted

E) Trellis

F) None of the above

12. (1.00 pts) Identify the drainage pattern in the following picture:

A) Annular

B) Dendritic

C) Trellis

D) Contorted

E) Radial

F) None of the above

13. (1.00 pts) Identify the drainage pattern in the following picture:

A) Trellis

B) Annular

C) Parallel

D) Dendritic

E) Radial

F) None of the above

14. (1.00 pts) Identify the drainage pattern in the following picture:

A) Parallel

B) Trellis

C) Radial

D) Annular

E) Contorted

F) None of the above

15. (1.00 pts) This drainage pattern is the most common and develops in regions where the underlying material is homogenous.

A) Annular

B) Dendritic

C) Trellis

D) Contorted

E) Radial

F) None of the above

Use the word bank for the next group of questions. This word bank will be repeated after 8 questions to reduce required scrolling for following questions.

Enter only the single letter assigned to the word with no punctuation. For example, if the answer is alluvial fan, enter simply G without a period.

A. endorheic G. alluvial fan M. water table S. capacity

B. pebble balance H. procordant N. interfluve T. dynamic equilibrium

C. cryptorheic I. levee O. alluvium U. delta

D. concordant J. watershed P. saltation V. zone of aeration

E. competence K. permeability Q. zone of saturation W. porosity

F. discordant L. zone of soil moisture R. traction X. travertine

16. (1.00 pts) The Great Salt Lake, the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea and the Dead Sea are all examples of what type of basin?

17. (1.00 pts) Streams that are correlated with the structure or relief over which they flow.

18. (1.00 pts) Topographic barrier that divides drainage basins.

19. (1.00 pts) The raised land between tributaries.

20. (1.00 pts) Material deposited by a stream.

21. (1.00 pts) Suspended particles bouncing down a stream, dislodging other particles upon impact.
 P

22. (1.00 pts) The maximum load of sediment a stream can carry for a given discharge.

23. (1.00 pts)

When sediment particles that erode and are transported downstream from one area are replaced by particles of the same size and shape that have originated in areas upstream.

Word Bank (repeated to reduce scrolling)

A. endorheic G. alluvial fan M. water table S. capacity

B. pebble balance H. procordant N. interfluve T. dynamic equilibrium

C. cryptorheic I. levee O. alluvium U. delta

D. concordant J. watershed P. saltation V. zone of aeration

E. competence K. permeability Q. zone of saturation W. porosity

F. discordant L. zone of soil moisture R. traction X. travertine

24. (1.00 pts) Formed from the deposition of the sediment carried by the river as the flow leaves the mouth of the river.

25. (1.00 pts) Debris flows from large floods that have coarse grained sediments and can either flow onto a land surface, or into a body of water.

26. (1.00 pts) Zone where all the open spaces in the ground are completely filled with water.

27. (1.00 pts) Zone where water is held in place as surface film on soil particles.

28. (1.00 pts) Upper limit of the zone of saturation.

M
29. (1.00 pts) A materials ability to transmit liquid.

30. (1.00 pts) Percentage of the total volume of sediment with empty space.

Use these lettered channel types to answer the next group of questions.

31. (1.00 pts) Which letter identifies a straight channel?

A)

B)

C)

32. (1.00 pts) Which letter identifies a meandering channel?

A)

B)

C)

33. (1.00 pts) Which letter identifies a braided channel?

A)

B)

C)

34. (1.00 pts) Which letter(s) identify a channel that can create an oxbow lake? (select all that apply)

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A)

B)

C)

35. (1.00 pts) Which letter(s) identify a channel that develops pool and riffle sequences? (select all that apply)

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A)

B)

C)
36. (1.00 pts) Which letter(s) identify a channel that is anastomosing? (select all that apply)

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A)

B)

C)

37. (1.00 pts) Which letter(s) identify a channel that forms when the stream load is too great for its velocity? (select all that apply)

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A)

B)

C)

38. (1.00 pts) Which letter(s) identify a channel that contains point bars? (select all that apply)

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A)

B)

C)

39. (1.00 pts) Which letter(s) identify a channel that contains a thalweg? (select all that apply)

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A)

B)

C)

40. (1.00 pts)

You decide that you want to spend the afternoon floating down the river with your friend. You drive to the river input, hop into your inner tubes and start floating. You estimate that you
are floating at about 2 mph. After an hour and a half, you exit the river under a bridge. Fortunately, there is a road that goes straight back to your car which is .75 miles away. What is
the sinuosity of the river?

A) 2.25

B) 0.1875

C) 0

D) 4

E) 1

41. (1.00 pts) How much of a streams energy goes into vertical and lateral cutting?

A) 1%

B) 5%

C) 25%
 D) 60%

E) 90%

42. (2.00 pts) Flowing water erodes a stream through (select all that apply):

(Mark ALL correct answers)

A) Abrasion

B) Attrition

C) Accumulation

D) Hydraulic action

E) Solution load

43. (1.00 pts) Clasts that are between 0.25mm and 0.5mm are considered...

A) Fine pebbles

B) Very fine silt

C) Clay

D) Very coarse pebbles

E) Medium sand

44. (1.00 pts) Velocity is the key determinant in a streams ability to carry dissolved load.

True False

45. (1.00 pts) As a stream gets closer to its base level, downward erosion becomes less dominant.

True False

46. (1.00 pts) Waterfalls are commonly found in graded streams.

True False

47. (1.00 pts) As the speed of a channel increases…

A) Capacity increases and competency decreases

B) Competency increases and capacity decreases

C) Capacity and competency both increase

D) Capacity and competency both decrease

E) Capacity and competency remain unchanged

Use this chart to answer the next group of questions.

48. (1.00 pts) At what velocity will pebbles begin to erode.

A) 50 cm/sec

B) 175 cm/sec

C) 300 cm/sec

D) 425 cm/sec

E) According to this chart, pebbles will not erode

49. (1.00 pts) At what velocity will a transporting 8mm particle begin to deposit?

A) 50 cm/sec

B) 200 cm/sec

C) 240 cm/sec

D) 300 cm/sec

E) According to this chart, 8mm particles will not transport

50. (1.00 pts) Which type of clast will transport over the greatest range of velocities?

A) Clay

B) Silt

C) Sand

D) Gravel

E) Pebbles

51. (2.00 pts) Which sized particle will erode more readily than the others.

A) 0.01mm

B) 0.1mm

C) 0.3mm

D) 0.9mm

E) 100mm

52. (2.00 pts) Which is the largest sized particle that will not deposit in the slowest running water (.1 cm/sec)?

A) 0.001mm

B) 0.002mm

C) 0.01mm

D) 0.019mm

E) 0.005mm

F) 0.05mm

53. (1.00 pts) Introducing a dam into a stream that is in equilibrium will…
 A) Increase erosion above the dam and decrease sedimentation below the dam

B) Increase sedimentation above the dam and increase erosion below the dam

C) Increase sedimentation above the dam and decrease erosion below the dam

D) Decrease sedimentation above the dam and decrease erosion below the dam

E) Have no effect on sedimentation or erosion

F) Without knowing the height of the dam you cannot determine the effects

54. (1.00 pts) A stream that flows throughout the year is a/an:

A) ephemeral stream

B) intermittent stream

C) bajada

D) perennial stream

E) arroyo

Use this chart to answer the next 4 questions.

55. (1.00 pts) What does USGS stand for? (spell out all words correctly for autograding)

United States Geological Su

56. (1.00 pts) What was the highest discharge displayed on this chart?

A) 8,100 cfs

B) 1,100 cfs

C) 8,100 mps

D) 81,100 cfs

E) 81,100 mps

57. (1.00 pts) Historically, which month of the year tends to have the lowest discharge?

A) January

B) December

C) September

D) July

E) May

58. (1.00 pts) Which statement is true about the last six months?

A) The Susquehanna has had a higher than normal discharge.

B) The Susquehanna has had a lower than normal discharge.

 C) The Susquehanna has had an expected level of discharge.

D) You cannot tell from this chart.

59. (3.00 pts)

On December 23rd, 2020 the discharge was 4,420 cubic feet per sec. If the cross sectional area of the river at the gauging station is 1105 sq. ft, what was the velocity of the river in
ft/sec? (enter a number without units)

60. (3.00 pts)

If the above stream is 7 meters wide, and 2.5 meters deep, what is its cross sectional area in square meters (enter a number without units).

17.5

61. (3.00 pts) From the previous question, what is its wetted perimeter of the stream in meters? (enter a number without units)

12

62. (1.00 pts) The worlds largest river by discharge is:

A) Congo

B) Yangtze

C) Mississippi

D) Amazon

E) Nile

F) Ganges

63. (1.00 pts) If you live in a flood plain with a 100 year recurrence interval, and the last 100 yr flood was 10 years ago, what are the odds that your home will be flooded this year.

A) 1 in 10

B) 1 in 89

C) 1 in 90

D) 1 in 100

E) Because the flood was so recent, there is no chance of a flood this year.

64. (1.00 pts) Fresh surface water in ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, etc. makes up approximately what percentage of all of Earth’s fresh water.

A) 0.2%

B) 1%

C) 5%

D) 30%

E) 65%

F) 75%
65. (1.00 pts) Where is most of Earth's fresh surface water held?

A) Rivers

B) Lakes

C) Living things

D) Ground ice

E) Soil Moisture

66. (1.00 pts) If water contour lines point in a V upstream, it means the stream is a/an…

A) losing stream

B) gaining stream

C) ephemeral stream

D) perennial stream

E) intermittent stream

67. (1.00 pts) Karst topography results when limestone comes in contact with groundwater containing…

A) Acetic acid

B) Carbonic acid

C) Hydrochloric acid

D) Sulfuric acid

E) Citric acid

68. (1.00 pts) At what temperature is water most dense?

A) 0°C

B) 0°F

C) 0 Kelvin

D) 4°C

E) 32°F

F) 12°C

69. (1.00 pts) Each lake has a balance of which 4 major cations?

+2 + + +
A) Ca , Li , Na , K
+2 +2 + +
B) Zn , Mg , Na , K
+2 +2 +2 +
C) Ca , Mg , Hg , K
+2 +2 + +
D) Ca , Mg , Na , K
+2 +2 + +
E) Ca , Mg , Na , H

70. (1.00 pts) A lake that is very unproductive, is low in nutrients and algae, but has good drinking water quality is:
 A) Mesotrophic

B) Oligotrophic

C) Satutrophic

D) Imbutrophic

E) Eutrophic

Use the following image to answer the next group of questions.

71. (1.00 pts) Zone A is the:

A) Benthic Zone

B) Limnetic Zone

C) Littoral Zone

D) Europic Zone

E) Euphotic Zone

72. (1.00 pts) Zone B is the:

A) Benthic Zone

B) Limnetic Zone

C) Littoral Zone

D) Europic Zone

E) Euphotic Zone

73. (1.00 pts) Zone C is the:

A) Benthic Zone

B) Limnetic Zone

C) Littoral Zone

D) Europic Zone

E) Euphotic Zone

74. (1.00 pts) Zone D is the:

A) Benthic Zone

B) Limnetic Zone

C) Littoral Zone

D) Europic Zone

E) Euphotic Zone
75. (1.00 pts) Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Marshes are nutrient rich, bogs are nutrient poor

B) Bogs and marshes are both nutrient rich

C) Marshes are formed over thousands of years when plant matter decays and fills it in

D) Bogs are often formed by rivers on low lying flood plains.

76. (1.00 pts) What body of water is the deepest freshwater lake in the world?

A) Great Bear Lake

B) Lake Superior

C) Lake Baikal

D) Dead Sea

E) Aral Sea

77. (1.00 pts) What body of water is the largest lake by surface area?

A) Caspian Sea

B) Lake Superior

C) Lake Titicaca

D) Sea of Galilea

E) Lake Vostok

Use this image to answer the next 3 questions.

78. (1.00 pts) Layer A is known as the...

epilimnion

79. (1.00 pts) Layer B is known as the...

metalimnion

80. (1.00 pts) Layer C is known as the...

hypolimnion

81. (1.00 pts) Most fish die when detergent concentrations approach 15 ppm. How do detergents kill fish?

Expected Answer: Mucus layers protect fish from parasites and bacteria. Detergent destroys the mucus layer and can damage the gills.
82. (1.00 pts) Identify this feature:

Expected Answer: tarn or corrie

83. (1.00 pts) Identify this feature:

Expected Answer: alluvial fan

84. (1.00 pts) Identify this feature:

Expected Answer: braided stream

85. (1.00 pts) Identify this feature:

Expected Answer: oxbow lake

86. (1.00 pts) Identify this feature:

Expected Answer: pingoes

87. (2.00 pts) How were the mounds in the previous picture formed?

Expected Answer: Sediment filled in over water. The water froze, expanded, and pushed up the sediment.

88. (1.00 pts) Identify this feature:

Expected Answer: stalactites

89. (1.00 pts) Identify this feature:

Expected Answer: soda straws

90. (1.00 pts) Identify this specific type of topography.

Expected Answer: tower karst topography

91. (2.00 pts) How was the topography in the previous image formed?

Expected Answer: Groundwater dissolved large quantities of limestone leaving behind only residual towers.
 This concludes the test.

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