Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 9

Example 9. Analysis of structure on soil foundation with the use of SOIL system

In this lesson you will learn how to:

– generate design model of the framework using perfectly rigid bodies (PRB) that simulate rigid
connections of column and slab elements;
– simulate multi-layer foundation and calculate moduli of subgrade reaction C1 and C2 according to
geological engineering survey;
– apply loads including additional loads from neighbouring buildings for calculating subgrade moduli;
– introduce the procedure of iteration refinement of subgrade moduli.

Description:
Reinforced concrete floor slab with dimensions in column axes 4 x 6 m, thickness 150 mm.
Reinforced concrete base slab with dimensions in column axes 4 x 6 m, thickness 500 mm.
Reinforced concrete columns of rectangular section with dimensions 400 x 800 mm.
Height of the framework – 3 m.
Analysis is carried out for floor slab with dimensions of finite elements 0.2 x 0.2 m and base slab with
dimensions of FE 0.4 x 0.4 m and 0.4 x 0.2 m (see Fig.9.1).

Loads:
– load case 1 – dead weight;
2
– load case 2 – dead uniformly distributed load g1 = 0.5 t/m applied to floor slab;
2
dead uniformly distributed load g2 = 1 t/m and dead concentrated vertical load P = 100t applied to base
slab (see Fig.9.2, load case 2);
– load case 3 – concentrated horizontal load F = 2t applied to floor slab (see Fig.9.2, load case 3).

Figure 9.1. Model of 3D framework

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.2. Load cases for slabs in framework

On the taskbar, click the Start button, and then point to All Programs. Point to the folder that
contains LIRA SAPR / LIRA-SAPR 2015 and then click LIRA-SAPR 2015.

Step 1. Creating new problem

On the FILE menu, click New (button on the toolbar).
In the Model type dialog box (see Fig.9.3) specify the following data:
problem name – Example9;
model type – 5 – Six degrees of freedom per node (translations X, Y, Z and rotations Ux, Uy,
Uz).

Click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.3 Model type dialog box

It is also possible to open the Model type dialog box with a pre-defined type of model. To do this,
on the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), point to New and click Model type 5 (Six DOF per

node) command . One more way to do the same: on the Quick Access Toolbar, click New and

in the drop-down menu select Model type 5 (Six DOF per node) command . Then you should
define only problem name.

To save all output data files for the problem in certain directory, select appropriate check box. The
directory name will coincide with the name of the problem. This directory will appear in the directory for
files with analysis results. This is helpful if you have to find output data files for certain problem, then
transfer these files or review and evaluate them with the help of Windows Explorer or other file
managers.

Step 2. Generating model geometry

To generate base slab:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Create regular fragments and

grids list and click the Create slab command.

In the Create plane fragments and grids dialog box specify the following data:
spacing along the first axis: spacing along the second axis:
L(ì) N L(ì) N
0.4 19 0.4 1
0.2 2
0.4 9
0.2 2
0.4 1
other parameters remain by default (see Fig.9.4).

Click Apply .

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.4 Create plane fragments and grids dialog box

To generate the floor slab:

Then in the Create plane fragments and grids dialog box, in the Coordinates of the 1st node
area, clear the Specify with pointer check box and define coordinates for the first node of the
fragment:
X(m) Y(m) Z(m)
0.2 0.2 3.
Define the spacing along the first and the second axes (unnecessary rows should be cleared):
spacing along the first axis: spacing along the second axis:
L(m) N L(m) N
0.2 36 0.2 24.

Click Apply .

To present numbers of nodes on the screen:

On the Select toolbar (by default, it is displayed at the bottom of the screen), click Flags of drawing

button .
In the Display dialog box (see Fig.9.5), select the Node numbers check box on the Nodes tab.

Click Redraw .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.5 Display dialog box

To add columns:

On the Select toolbar (by default, it is displayed at the bottom of the screen), click PolyFilter .
In the PolyFilter dialog box, select the Filter for nodes tab (the first tab) (see Fig.9.6).
Select By numbers of nodes check box and specify the following node numbers (separated either
by comma or by space character): 43, 58, 263, 278, 398, 428, 1138, 1168.

Click Apply .

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.6 Filter for nodes tab

Close the PolyFilter dialog box.

To present on the screen only selected nodes of the model, on the Select toolbar, click

Fragmentation .
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Add element drop-down list and

click Add bar . The Add element dialog box is displayed with the Add bar tab open (see
Fig.9.7).

Figure 9.7 Add element dialog box

To add bar elements between nodes, specify with the pointer the following pairs of nodes in
sequence: No. 43 and 398, 58 and 428, 263 and 1138, 278 and 1168 (in this case the rubber-band
line is automatically stretched between the nodes that you select).

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

To restore design model in initial view after fragmentation, on the Select toolbar, click Restore model

To save data about design model:

On the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), click Save command .

In the Save as dialog box specify the following data:
file name – Example9;
location where you want to save this file (Data folder is displayed by default).
Click Save.

Step 3. Generating perfectly rigid bodies (PRB)

To generate perfectly rigid bodies in the base slab:

On the Select toolbar, click Select block button .

Select with the pointer any node or element of the floor slab (nodes and elements of the floor slab will
be coloured red).
To present on the screen only unselected nodes and elements, on the Select toolbar, click Inverse

fragmentation button .
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Perfectly rigid body

button .

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes and click Select nodes button .
Select with the pointer nodes where base slab is connected to perfectly rigid body 1 (column body)
No. 22-24, 42-44 and 62-64 (nodes will be coloured red).

You can select elements either with a single click or by dragging selection window around
appropriate elements.
If required, it is possible to enlarge the fragment of the model with the Zoom command (located on the
Select toolbar) or with the mouth wheel button.

In the Perfectly rigid body dialog box (see Fig.9.8), in the Assign principal node of current PRB
area, select the Specify principal node with pointer check box.
Then, on the model of base slab, specify with the pointer node No.43 (node will be coloured black).
To generate the first perfectly rigid body, in the Define perfectly rigid body area, click Add PRB

button .

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.8. Perfectly rigid body dialog box

All operations with rigid body are carried out only with their principal nodes, e.g. restraints, local
(nodal) coordinate system, initial displacement, coupled degrees of freedom.

Make sure that the Specify principal node with pointer check box is selected and specify with the
pointer node No.58 on the base slab.

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes and click Select nodes button .
Select with the pointer nodes where base slab is connected to perfectly rigid body 2 - nodes No.37-
39, 57-59 and 77-79.
To generate the second perfectly rigid body, in the Define perfectly rigid body area, click Add PRB

button .

When the Select nodes command is active, select with the pointer nodes where base slab is
connected to perfectly rigid body 3 - nodes No.242-244, 262-264 and 282-284.
In the Perfectly rigid body dialog box, in the Assign principal node of current PRB area, select
the Specify principal node with pointer check box.
Then, on the model of base slab, specify with the pointer node No.263.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

To generate the third perfectly rigid body, in the Define perfectly rigid body area, click Add PRB

button .

When the Specify principal node with pointer check box is selected, on the model of base slab,
specify with the pointer node No.278.

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes and click Select nodes button .
Select with the pointer nodes where base slab is connected to perfectly rigid body 4 - nodes No.257-
259, 277-279 and 297-299.
To generate the fourth perfectly rigid body, in the Define perfectly rigid body area, click Add PRB

button .

To restore design model in initial view after fragmentation, on the Select toolbar, click Restore model

To generate perfectly rigid bodies in the floor slab:

On the Select toolbar, click Select block button .

Specify with the pointer any node or element of base slab.
To present on the screen only unselected nodes and elements, on the Select toolbar, click Inverse

fragmentation button .

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes and click Select nodes button .
Select with the pointer nodes where floor slab is connected to perfectly rigid body 5 - nodes No.359-
363, 396-400 and 433-437.
In the Perfectly rigid body dialog box, in the Assign principal node of current PRB area, select
the Specify principal node with pointer check box.
Then, on the model of floor slab, specify with the pointer node No.398.
To generate the fifth perfectly rigid body, in the Define perfectly rigid body area, click Add PRB

button .

In a similar manner to that used above, define the following data:

nodes where floor slab is connected to perfectly rigid body 6 - nodes No.389-393, 426-430, 463-
467 with principal node No.428;
nodes where floor slab is connected to perfectly rigid body 7 - nodes No.1099-1103, 1136-1140,
1173-1177 with principal node No.1138;
nodes where floor slab is connected to perfectly rigid body 8 - nodes No.1129-1133, 1166-1170,
1203-1207 with principal node No.1168.

To restore design model in initial view after fragmentation, on the Select toolbar, click Restore model

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes and click Select nodes button in order to make this
command not active.

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Step 4. Defining material properties to elements of the framework

To create material data sets:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Material properties

button .
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box (see Fig.9.9a), click Add. The list of standard section types
will be presented in the Add stiffness dialog box (see Fig.9.9b).

a b
Figure 9.9 Dialog boxes: a – Stiffness and materials, b – Add stiffness

Double-click the Rectangular bar icon in the list. The Define standard section dialog box opens. In
this dialog box you can define material properties for selected type of the section.
In the Define standard section dialog box specify the following parameters for Rectangular bar
(see Fig.9.10):
modulus of elasticity – E = 3e6 t/m2 (for the U.S. keyboard layout);
geometric properties – B = 40 cm; H = 80 cm;
unit weight of material – Ro = 2.75 t/m3.
To preview schematic presentation, click Draw.

To confirm the specified data, click OK .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.10 Define standard section dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, select the third tab Plates, solids, numerical and double-
click the Plates icon in the list.
In the Stiffness for plates dialog box (see Fig.9.11), specify the following parameters for Plate (floor
slab):
modulus of elasticity – E = 3e6 t/m2 (for the U.S. keyboard layout);
Poisson's ratio – ν = 0.2;
thickness – H = 15 cm;
unit weight of material – Ro = 2.75 t/m3.

To confirm the specified data, click OK .

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.11 Stiffness for plates dialog box

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the List of stiffness types, select ‘2.Plate H 15’.
Click Copy.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the List of stiffness types, select ‘3.Plate H 15’.
Click Edit.
In another Specify stiffness for plates dialog box specify parameter for base slab:
thickness - H = 50 cm.

Click OK .

To hide the library of stiffness parameters, click Add in the Stiffness and materials dialog box.

To assign stiffness to elements of the framework:

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, on the Properties tab, in the List of stiffness types, click
the stiffness type 1. Rect. bar 40x80.
Click Set as current type (in this case selected type will be displayed in the Stiffness box in the
Assign to elements of the model area). You can also specify the current type by double-clicking the
necessary type in the List of stiffness types.)

On the Select toolbar, click Select vertical bars button .

Select all vertical elements of the model with the pointer. The elements will be coloured red.

You can select elements either with a single click or by dragging selection window around
appropriate elements. When the Select vertical bars command is active, you can drag selection
window around the whole model and only vertical bars will be selected.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply . The elements become unselected. It
indicates that the current combination of stiffness type and material is assigned to selected elements.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, on the Properties tab, in the List of stiffness types, click
the stiffness type 2. Plate H15.
Click Set as current type.

On the Select toolbar, click Select block button .

Specify with the pointer any node or element of slab.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, on the Properties tab, in the List of stiffness types, click
the stiffness type 3. Plate H50.
Click Set as current type.

On the Select toolbar, click Select block button .

Specify with the pointer any node or element of base slab.

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply .

To unselect nodes, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

Step 5. Defining boundary conditions

To avoid geometric unstability in the XOY-plane, additional boundary conditions are defined for
base slab (with the help of one-node elements FE 56).These elements are defined at nodes of the
base slab. The stiffness for all FE 56 will be defined as equal to the following value: 70% of stiffness of
elastic foundation C1z multiplied to load area associated with one FE 56.
As the stiffness of elastic foundation is unknown, we accept initial values of stiffness for FE 56 as
equal to 200 t/m. When moduli of subgrade reaction are calculated, the stiffness value for FE 56 may
be clarified.

To define stiffness for FE 56:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Material properties

button .
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Add. The dialog box expands to display the library of
stiffness parameters. In the Add stiffness dialog box, select the Plates, solids, numerical tab (the
third tab).
Double-click the Numerical for FE 56 icon in the list. The Numerical description for FE 56 dialog
box opens.
In the Numerical description for FE 56 dialog box (see Fig.9.12), specify the following parameters
for the section:
stiffness of FE per unit length in tension-compression along the global X-axis – Rx = 200 t/m;
stiffness of FE per unit length in tension-compression along the global Y-axis – Ry = 200 t/m.
To confirm the specified data, click OK.

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.12 Numerical description for FE 56 dialog box

To add FE 56:

When the Select block button is active, select with the pointer any node or element of the base
slab.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Add element drop-down list and

click Add 1-node FE .

The Add element dialog box is presented with the Add one-node FE tab open (see Fig.9.13).
In this dialog box, specify with the pointer FE '56' option.

Click Apply .

Figure 9.13 Add element dialog box

When FE 56 are added to design model, stiffness for these FE was assigned as the current one
in the Stiffness and materials dialog box. This stiffness was automatically assigned to these added
FE.

To unselect elements, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

Step 6. Defining parameters of elastic foundation

On the Select toolbar, click Select block button .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Select with the pointer any node or element of the base slab.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Moduli of subgrade

reaction button .
In the Define moduli C1 and C2 dialog box (see Fig.9.14), make sure that the Plates check box is
selected.
To define moduli of subgrade reaction, select the From soil model option and define:
uniformly distributed load on soil Рz = 12 t/m2.

Click Apply .

Figure 9.14 Define moduli C1 and C2 dialog box

To unselect all nodes, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

To activate SOIL system:

To activate the SOIL system, in the Define moduli C1, C2 dialog box, click Soil model button.
The Soil model dialog box (see Fig.9.15) appears on the screen. By default, in this dialog box,
Method 3 is defined in the Calculation method (C1, C2) list and SNIP 2.02.01-83 is defined in the
Building code area.

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

On the calculate C1, C2 tab, define the following parameters that will be applied for calculation of
moduli of subgrade reaction:
in the Data for calculation area, define coefficient for depth of compressible stratum as equal
to 0.5;
in the Merge loads area, clear the Replace adjacent loads or loads of neighbouring values
with one load equal to average value check box.
Then in the Soil model dialog box, click Attach soil model button.

Figure 9.15 Soil model dialog box

You could also open Sol model dialog box by clicking the Soil model button (Advanced
edit options ribbon tab, SOIL panel).

In the Open file with soil model dialog box (see Fig.9.16), when the file name Example9 is
mentioned, click Open.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.16 Open file with soil model dialog box

To define parameters for grid of nodes:

In the SOIL system window, on the MODEL menu, click Grids (button on the toolbar).
In the Grids dialog box (see Fig.9.17), select the First point check box and define coordinates (m):
X = -1; Y = -1.
Then define the step value for the grid:
Along X-axis Along Y-axis
Step value Steps Step value Steps
1 18 1 14.

Click Apply .
Close the Grids dialog box.

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.17 Grids dialog box

To define parameters for boreholes in geological profile:

To calculate moduli of subgrade reaction we will use soil properties that were defined according
to results of geological engineering survey and are located in the Soil properties table. To activate

this table, on the MODEL menu, click Soil properties (button on the toolbar).

On the MODEL menu, click Boreholes (button on the toolbar).

In the Boreholes dialog box (see Fig.9.18), for the mouth elevation specified as equal to 100 (m),
define the following data for borehole 1:
select Coordinates check box;
coordinates for the borehole (m): X = 2, Y = 6;
in the Geological element (GE) list from the Soil properties table, define GE 1;
depth of layer equal to 3 (m);

click Refresh table ;

in the Geological element (GE) list from the Soil properties table, define GE 2;
depth of layer equal to 5 (m);

click Refresh table ;

in the Geological element (GE) list from the Soil properties table, define GE 5;
depth of layer equal to 15 (m);

click Refresh table ;

other parameters are calculated automatically.

Click Apply .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.18 Boreholes dialog box

For the borehole 2, define the following parameters:

coordinates of the borehole (m): X = 9, Y = 4;
depth of layer for the first layer of soil (GE1) equal to 1 (m);
depth of layer for the second layer of soil (GE1) equal to 9 (m);
depth of layer for the third layer of soil (GE1) equal to 15 (m);

click Refresh table ;

other parameters are calculated automatically.

Click Apply .

For the borehole 3, define the following parameters:

coordinates of the borehole (m): X = 4, Y = 1.2;
depth of layer for the first layer of soil (GE1) equal to 2 (m);
depth of layer for the second layer of soil (GE1) equal to 6 (m);
depth of layer for the third layer of soil (GE1) equal to 15 (m);

click Refresh table ;

other parameters are calculated automatically.

Click Apply .
Close the Boreholes dialog box.

To define loads from the neighbouring building:

On the MODEL menu, click Loads (button on the toolbar).

In the Loads dialog box (see Fig.9.19), select the type of load – Arbitrary load (the second tab).
Select the Elevation check box and specify the value equal to 97 (m).
For the specified intensity of soil pressure as 20 t/m2, click the Specify load (arbitrary polygon) on

plan button .

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.19 Loads dialog box

Then specify (with the pointer) load contours on the grid of soil as presented in Fig.9.20 (beginning
from the point with coordinate X = 16, Y = 12 and move the pointer 8m left, then 4m back, then 4m
right, 5m back, 4m right and come back to initial point).

Figure 9.20. Location of load contour on grid of soil

In the SOIL dialog box (see Fig.9.21), click OK.

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.21. SOIL dialog box

Close the Loads dialog box.

To define elevation for the base slab of the framework:

On the MODEL menu, click Imported loads (button on the toolbar).

In the Imported loads dialog box (see Fig.9.22), define the elevation value as equal to Z = 96 m.

Click Apply .

Figure 9.22 Imported loads dialog box

Close the Imported loads dialog box.

To save the data about design model, on the FILE menu, click Save (button on the toolbar).
Close the SOIL system window and return to the main window of LIRA-SAPR.

Step 7. Applying loads

To create load case No.1:

To define load from dead weight of the slab, on the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads

panel and click Add dead weight .

In the Add dead weight dialog box (see Fig.9.23), click All elements and specify Load factor as

equal to 1. Then click Apply (dead weight of elements is added automatically).

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.23 Add dead weight dialog box

To create load case No.2:

To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button .
Select nodes No.106, 115, 206 and 215 with the pointer.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel, then select Load on nodes command

from the Loads on nodes and elements drop-down list.

In the Define loads dialog box (see Fig.9.24), specify Global coordinate system and direction along
the Z-axis (default parameters).

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Figure 9.24 Define loads dialog box

In the Load type area, click Concentrated load button .

In the Load parameters dialog box specify P = 100 t (see Fig.9.25).

Click OK .

Figure 9.25 Load parameters dialog box

With Select block option, select the elements of base slab.

In the Define loads dialog box, select the fourth tab Load on plates .

In the Load type area, click Uniformly distributed load button .

2
In the Load parameters dialog box specify P = 1 t/m (see Fig.9.26).

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Click OK .

Figure 9.26 Load parameters dialog box

Select elements of the base slab.

In the Define loads dialog box, click Uniformly distributed load button once again.
2
In the Load parameters dialog box specify P = 0.5 t/m .

Click OK .

To unselect nodes, on the Select toolbar, click Unselect all button .

To create load case No.3:

To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.

On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button .
Then select node No.321 (the nearest left node on the floor slab).

In the Define loads dialog box, select the second tab Load on nodes and define direction along
the X-axis.

In the Load type area, click Concentrated load button .

In the Load parameters dialog box specify P = -2 t .

Click OK .

To define detailed information about load cases:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Loads panel, click Edit load cases . The Edit load
cases dialog box is displayed on the screen (see Fig.9.27).
For load case 1 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Dead and click Apply

.
For load case 2 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Dead and click Apply

.
For load case 3 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Short-term and click

Apply .

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.27. Edit load cases dialog box

Close the Edit load cases dialog box.

Step 8. Generating DCL table

On the Analysis ribbon tab, select the More calculations panel and click DCL button .

As the type of load cases was defined in the Edit load cases dialog box (see Fig.9.27), the DCL
table is generated automatically with parameters accepted by default for every load case. Now you
have to modify parameters for the third load case and define combinations.

In the Design combinations of loads dialog box (see Fig.9.28), select building code SNIP 2.01.07-
85* and for load case 3, in the Load factor cell, define factor as equal to 1.4.

To define combinations, do the following steps:

in the list of combinations, select the first row (1 main) and click Add.
then in the list of combinations, select the second row (2 main) and click Add (columns with
coefficient values according to SNIP 2.01.07-85 will appear in the table).

To save defined data, click Save data .

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

Figure 9.28 Design combination of loads dialog box

Close the Design combinations of loads dialog box.

Step 9. Static analysis of framework

To carry out static analysis, on the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Analysis panel and in the

Analyse drop-down list, click Complete analysis .

In the Warning box (see Fig.9.29) that appears on the screen, make sure that Recalculate moduli
of subgrade reaction C1 and C2 for elastic foundation by soil model check box is selected and
click OK.

Figure 9.29. Warning box

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Step 10. Review and evaluation of static analysis results

When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate analysis results, select the Results
ribbon tab.

To hide presentation of loads on design model:

On the Select toolbar, click Flags of drawing button . In the Display dialog box, clear the
Loads check box on the General tab.

Click Redraw .
In the mode of analysis results visualization, by default design model is presented with account of
nodal displacements (see Fig.9.30).

Figure 9.30. Design model with account of nodal displacements

To present displacement contour plots:

To present contour plot of displacements along the Z-axis, on the Results ribbon tab, on the
Deformations panel, select the Displacement mosaic/contour plot in global coordinate system

command in the Displacement mosaic/contour plot drop-down list.

Then click Displacements along Z button on the same panel.

To present diagrams of internal forces:

To display diagram My , on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Moment

diagrams (My) button .

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

To display diagram Qz , on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Shear force

diagrams (Qz) button .

To display diagram N, on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Axial force

diagrams (N) button .

To display mosaic plots N, on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Mosaic plot of

forces in bars command in the Force diagrams/Mosaic plots drop-down list.

To present stress mosaic plots:

To present stress mosaic plot for Mx, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Stress in plates and solids

panel, select the Stress mosaic plot command in the Stress mosaic/contour plots drop-down
list.

Then click Stress Mx button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plot for Nx, click Stress Nx button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plot for Rz (soil pressure), click Stress Rz button on the same panel.
To present the full picture of stress mosaic plots for Rz in base slab, select the slab with the Select
block command and perform fragmentation.

To restore design model in initial view, on the Select toolbar, click Restore model .

Elements located inside the PRB are not considered in analysis. That's why, forces in such
elements are absent with the exception of soil pressure.
Elements of floor slab that are located inside the PRB may be deleted from design model because
they have no influence on analysis of the framework.

To present mosaic plots for subgrade moduli:

To present mosaic plot for modulus of subgrade reaction C1, on the Advanced results ribbon tab, on
the Subgrade moduli panel, in the Mosaic/Contour plot drop-down list, click Mosaic plot C1, C2,

Pz button . Then, on the same panel, click Mosaic plot C1z .

To present mosaic plot for uniformly distributed load on soil Pz, on the Subgrade moduli panel, click

Mosaic plot Pz .

To change number of active load case:

On the status bar (displayed at the bottom of the screen), in the Load case No. list, select No. 2 and

click Apply .

To generate and review tables of analysis results:

To present table with force values in elements of the model, on the Results ribbon tab, select Tables

panel and click Standard tables in the Documents drop-down list.

In the Standard tables dialog box (see Fig.9.31), select Forces in the list.
Make sure that All load cases option is defined in the Choose load case No. list and click Apply

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 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 1

Figure 9.31 Standard tables dialog box

To close the table, on the FILE menu, click Close.

Close the Standard tables dialog box.

Step 11. Iterative refinement for moduli of subgrade reaction

To visualize analysis results by DCL, click Results by DCL button on the Status bar.
To present mosaic plot Rz (soil pressure), on the Results ribbon tab, on the Stress in plates and

solids panel, click Stress mosaic plot Rz .

Then evaluate stress mosaic plot Rz from every DCL. To do this, switch to the next combination (in a
manner similar to changing the load case No.). Then find out the worst combination (in this case it will
be combination 2).

Make sure that Stress mosaic plot Rz button is active for the second DCL. Then on the

Results ribbon tab, on the Tools panel, click Apply soil pressure button .
In the Apply soil pressure dialog box (see Fig.9.32), when All elements option is selected, click
OK.

Figure 9.32. Apply soil pressure dialog box

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 Example 9 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015

In the warning box (see Fig.9.33), click OK.

Figure 9.33. Warning box

The system automatically goes back to the mode of creating design model and analysis results
become unavailable.
To carry out analysis, on the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Analysis panel and in the Analyse

drop-down list, click Complete analysis .

In the Warning box (see Fig.9.29) that appears on the screen, make sure that Recalculate moduli
of subgrade reaction C1 and C2 for elastic foundation by soil model is selected and click OK.

When analysis is complete, to present stress mosaic plot Rz (soil pressure), on the Results ribbon

tab, on the Stress in plates and solids panel, click Stress mosaic plot Rz . Stress mosaic plot
should be presented for the second DCL.
To compare obtained values of soil pressure Rz with the load on soil Pz, on the WINDOW menu, click
New window and then on the WINDOW menu, click Arrange icons.
In the new window with design model, to present mosaic plot of uniformly distributed load on soil Pz,

on the Advanced results ribbon tab, on the Subgrade moduli panel, click Mosaic plot Pz .

For the next refinement of subgrade moduli, make sure that Stress mosaic plot Rz option is
active for the second DCL and then on the Results ribbon tab, on the Tools panel, click Apply soil

pressure button .
In the Apply soil pressure dialog box (see Fig.9.32), when All elements option is selected, click
OK.
In the new warning box (see Fig.9.33), click OK.

Recalculation of the problem and comparison of obtained values of soil pressure Rz to the load on
soil Pz should be made in a manner identical to the one described above.

The structural engineer decides in each case whether refinement of subgrade moduli is required.
It is recommended that iterations for refinement of subgrade moduli are made up to the state when
difference between values of soil pressure Rz and load on soil Pz does not exceed 5% (but not more
than 5 iterations).
One iteration is taken to mean applying soil pressure and recalculation of the problem with new value
of load on soil.

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