Example 20.

Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of
solid reinforced concrete slab in SAPFIR-RC system

In this lesson you will learn how to:

 deal with creation of architectural and analytical model of multistorey building in SAPFIR program;
 define the assemblage tables in SAPFIR program;
 generate the meshed model of multistorey building in SAPFIR-STRUCTURES system for further export
to VISOR-SAPR;
 import the meshed model into VISOR-SAPR system;
 deal with design options;
 determine reinforcement for framework elements of multistorey building;
 import into SAPFIR-RC the reinforcement analysis results, performed in VISOR-SAPR system;
 design the solid reinforced concrete slab in SAPFIR-RC system.

Description:
Plan of the ground floor and section of the building are presented in Fig.20.1.a, 20.1.b.

Figure 20.1.a Plan of the ground floor

The height of the typical floor is 4 m. Number of floors - 5. Floor elevation for ground floor is 0,000.
Building Code – SNIP 2.03.01-84*. Material for elements: columns, capitals – concrete B30, walls,
overlapping slabs, foundation slab – concrete В25.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Column section 0.6х0.8 m. Capital dimensions: two steps, bxh=0.3х0.2 m. Thickness of overlapping slab
– 0.2 m. Zone of thickening – 0.2 m. Thickness of foundation slab 0.6 m. Wall thickness – 0.2 m.

Figure 20.1.b Section of the building

Loads:
 Load-case 1 – load from external walls – dead uniformly distributed along line g1 = 1.6tf/m, applied to the
floor slabs on all storeys; load from non-structural wall – dead uniformly distributed along line g2 = 1.6tf/m,
2
applied to floor slabs on all storeys; load from floor structure – dead uniformly distributed g3 = 0.3tf/m ,
2
applied to floor slabs on all storeys; load from roofing structure – dead uniformly distributed g4=0.1tf/m ,
applied to roofing slab.

2 2
Load-case 2 – live load on floor slabs g5 = 0.5tf/m , surface load on overlapping slabs g6 = 2.0tf/m .

On the task-bar, click the Start button, and then point to All programs. Point to the folder that contains
LIRA-SAPR / LIRA-SAPR 2015 and then click SAPFIR 2015.

Step 1. Creating new problem and setting its properties

 Click on the SAPFIR menu (Application button) and click New (button on the Quick Acces Toolbar).

To set the project properties

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Project panel click the Project properties command.
 In the Parameters dialog box make sure that SNIP 2.03.01-84* is selected as current Building Code. Other
parameters remain by default (See Fig.20.2).
 Click Apply.

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Figure 20.2 Parameters dialog box

Visualization of a workspace

 On the toolbar Visualization click Visualization options to customize the workspace.

 In the Visualization options dialog box (See Fig.20.3) define the following characteristics:
 select the Only in 1-st quadrant check box for metric grid;
 specify the cells number – 20.
 To confirm the specified data, click OK.

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Figure 20.3. Visualization options dialog box

To save data about project

 On the SAPFIR menu (Application button), click Save command (button on the Quick Access
Toolbar)
 In the Save as dialog box specify the following data:
 file name – Example20;
 location, where you want to save the project.
 Click Save.

Step 2. Edit the storey properties

The building and the storey are automatically creating when the first object is added to a model.

 Point the line in Structure dialog box (right part of a workspace) to display its characteristics
in Properties dialog box.
 In mentioned dialog box define such parameters:
 storey height, mm – 4000;
 other parameters remain by default.

 Click Apply to object (press Enter).

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Step 3. Creating grid

To create rectangular grid
 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel, point to Grid drop-down list and click the Grid

through the table command.

 In the Grid lines dialog box (see Fig.20.4) specify the following data:

Figure 20.4 Grid lines dialog box

 type of grid – Rectangular grid (snap point is left bottom corner; coordinates of snap point – Х = 0
mm, Y = 0 mm;
 grid lines extension D=4000mm;

 click the Add interval button for vertical grid lines;

 point the value in the Interval column and input 6000;
 add several intervals between vertical grid lines with the values 1500, 3000, 1500, 6000 mm.
Resultant positions for grid lines are determined automatically;
 select for horizontal grid lines number A, B, C… from the list;
 define the intervals between horizontal grid lines – 6000, 3000, 3000, 6000 mm.
 Click OK.

Automatic generation of dimensions for grid lines

 Select the grid with the pointer (the grid will be coloured blue)
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 On the property line for Grid tool click Specify dimensions button.
 Press Esc to unselect the grid.

Step 4. Creating columns

To create columns
 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel, point to Column drop-down list and click Column

command.

 In the properties line for Column tool click (See Fig.20.5)

 In the Section parameters dialog box define the following parameters:
 point Rectangular(S0) in the list of section types;
 define b=600mm;
 h=800mm.
 Click OK.

Figure 20.5 cross-section parameters dialog box

 In the Properties of construction: Column dialog box select Yes for Form PRB parameter to generate
PRB (perfectly rigid bodies).

 Click Apply to object (press Enter).

 Position columns on intersections of B-2 and B-5 grid lines (See Fig.20.7)
To create columns with capitals

 In the properties line click (See Fig.20.6).

 In the Capital dialog box click Add step and specify the following parameters:
6 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.
Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

 h, mm = 200;
 b, mm = 300;
 select the Slope check box.

 Once more click Add step to create the capital second step and specify the following dimensions:
 h, mm = 200
 b, mm = 300
 Select the Analytical model check box.

 After this click Apply .

Figure 20.6 Capital dialog box

 Position columns as shown on Figure 20.7.

 Press Esc to finish creating columns.

You can navigate the model in the view using the following methods;
Rotate (change the rotation of a model) - click and hold the right mouse button. Pan (move the model up, down,
to the left, and to the right) - click and hold down the scroll wheel (the middle mouse button). Zoom in/out
(change the zoom magnification of a model) - use the scroll wheel (the middle mouse button).

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.7 Scheme of columns position

Step 5. Creating walls

To create walls for the staircase
 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel, point to Wall drop-down list and click the Load-

bearing wall command.

 In the Properties of construction: Wall dialog box define the following properties:
 form PRB – Yes.

 Click Apply to object (press Enter).

 In the properties line for Wall tool define the following:

 method of creation – Rectangle;

 - Thickness – 200;
 justify – center;
 base level – 0;
 top level – 0 from storey top.
 Specify the points on intersections of grid lines 3E - 4D to create the stiffening core (see Fig.20.8)

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Figure 20.8 Scheme of walls and columns positions

Step 6. Creating doors

To define door opening

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel click Door command.

 In the properties line for Door tool click .


 In the Door parameters dialog box (see Fig.20.9) define the following:
 point Rectangular list and select the door type – Rectangular opening.
 Click OK.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.9 Door parameters dialog box

 In the properties line for Door tool specify the following parameters:
 door snap – center;

 - door width – 900mm;

 - door height – 2100mm.

 Place the opening into the center of the wall along grid line D (wall center is marked with triangular snap
marker) (See Fig.20.8).

Step 7. Creating and editing of overlapping slab

To create overlapping slab

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel point the Slab drop-down list and click Slab
command.
 In the properties line for Slab tool define the following:

 method of creation – Rectangle;

 - Thickness – 200;

 level – 0 from storey bottom.

 Began the construction defining the pair of points (start and end of rectangle diagonal):
 press the X key - entry field for X in coordinate window will activated and then input (-1170);

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

 press the down arrow - entry field for Y is activated and input (-1420);
 press Enter;
 input 19420 - the value appears into entry field for Y coordinate (as for the last input coordinate);
 press up arrow – entry field for X is activated an input 19420;
 press Enter.

To input coordinates from the keyboard use the following keys:

X – activation of entry field for X;
Y – activation of entry field for Y;
Z – activation of entry field for Z;
L – input the length values (distance from the last constructed point);
U – activation of entry field for angle from X axis;
Up/down arrows is the switching between the entry fields in coordinate window.

To move dimensions
 Select the dimension chain along X (the program will automatically activate the Edit ribbon tab).

The Automatic move mode is activated by default in SAPFIR program, the Move button is
turned on (on the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel). If this button is turned off, click it.

 Click one of the control point of dimension chain and drag the chain. Release left mouse button.
 Click again to complete the move.
 Press Esc to unselect the dimensions.
 Do the same for dimension chain along Y.

To edit contour of overlapping slab

 Select the overlapping slab (ribbon tab Edit becоme active).

 On the ribbon tab Edit, on the Modify panel click Insert the point command.
 Rotate the model to see on the foreground the intersection of grid lines 6 and A.
 To insert the point into slab edge parallel to X axis while pressing left mouse button drag the edge (the slab
contour become break).
 Define the point coordinates from keyboard (X=13420, Y= - 1420).
 Press Enter.
 Between the inserted point 1 and right corner of slab insert point 2 with coordinates (X=13420, Y=4580)
(See Fig.20.10).
 Move the right corner of slab to point with coordinates (X=19420, Y=4580).
 Press Esc to unselect the slab.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.10 Slab contour after modifying

To create opening in overlapping slab

 To present the model in horizontal projection XOY on the Projections toolbar click Top .

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel click Opening command.
 Select the overlapping slab.

 In the properties line for Opening tool click Rectangle method of creation.
 Define the rectangular opening for staircase into stiffening core defining the pair of points on its diagonal
(See Fig.20.11).
 Press Esc to unselect the slab.

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Figure 20.11 Opening position in overlapping slab

To create zone of greater thickness in overlapping slab

 To present the model in isometric projection on the Projections toolbar click Isometry .

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel click ± ΔH command.
 Select the overlapping slab.
 In the properties line for ± ΔH tool define the following:

 method of creation - Rectangle;

 depth – (-200) mm and press Enter;

 side - back.
 Specify the coordinates for zone of greater thickness:
 first point – (X=5250, Y=5250);
 second point – (X=12750, Y=6750).
 Press Esc to unselect the slab.

Step 8. Copying stories

To copy stories

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Project panel click Storey command.
 In the Create new storeys (See Fig.20.12) dialog box specify the following:

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

 number – 4;
 storey height – 4000mm;
 copy elements;

 click and then click Uncheck all ;

 check the elements for copies: wall, column, slab;
 click ОК;
 after this click ОК.

Figure 20.12 Create new storeys dialog box

The program will check the model before copying of storeys. If there are no errors to report the dialog
informing you about this. If there are errors to report, the Service information dialog displays them.
Error elements should be fixed.

 To present the whole model on the Projections toolbar click Extents (double click the scroll wheel
(the middle mouse button)).

To modify 4-th and 5-th storeys

 In the Structure dialog box (See Fig. 20.13) click plus near 4-th storey and expand the list of
its elements.

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Figure 20.13 Structure dialog box

 Right-click the Column line and click Select for all columns of 4-th storey.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Select panel click Select up command.
 In the Parameters of 11 objects dialog box specify the following:
 click button opposite to Capital parameter;

 in the Capital dialog box click Delete command.

 Press Esc.
 Rotate the model to see zone of greater thickness in floor slab of 5-th storey.
 Select zone of greater thickness.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel click Delete command.
 In the Structure dialog box verify that is the current one (the current storey is shown in bold
typeface)
 Select the floor slab of the 5-th storey.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel point to Copy drop-down list and click Copy command
(Ctrl+C).

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel point to Paste drop-down list and click Paste command
(Ctrl+V).

Now there are 2 slabs within the storey and one of them is selected.

 In the properties line for Slab tool define the level 0 From storey top .
 Press Esc.
 Zoom in to the staircase opening in upper slab and select it.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel point to Delete drop-down list and click Delete command.

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 To present the whole model on the Projections toolbar click Extents (double click the scroll wheel
(the middle mouse button)).
To modify foundation slab

 In the Structure dialog box right click the line and click Set as active storey (double-click the
line).
 Zoom in to floor slab of the 1-st storey.
 Select zone of greater thickness and staircase opening holding Shift key.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel point to Delete drop-down list and click Delete
command.
 Select the floor slab of the 1-st storey.

 In the properties line for Slab tool specify the Thickness - 600mm.
 In the Properties dialog box, in the Boundary conditions block define the following:
3
 С1, tf/m - 1000;
 click button opposite to Constraints parameter;
 in the Constraints dialog box (See Fig.20.14) select X, Y check boxes;
 click ОК.

Figure 20.14 Constraints dialog box

 Click Apply to object (press Enter).

 Press Esc.

Step 9. Ramp modelling

To change UCS position in model
 Right-click in model and click Rotate UCS.
 In the Enter rotation angle dialog box (See Fig.20.15) define the rotation angle 270

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Figure 20.15 Enter rotation angle dialog box

 Click OK.
 Move UCS in the left nearest point of foundation slab using shortcut menu command UCS into the point.
To create trajectory and generatrix for ramp

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Structural tools panel click Line command.
 In the properties line for Line tool specify the following:

 method of creation - Segment;

 verify check boxes Chain and Close to be unselected;

 lineweight - Basic 6;
 colour – red.
 Create the first generatrix with coordinates:
 start point (X=0, Y=2000);
 end point (X=0, Y=6000).
 Create the second generatrix with coordinates:
 start point (X=10000, Y=14000);
 end point (X=6000, Y=14000).
 In the properties line for Line tool specify the following:

 point to Arch drop-down list and click Arch P1 P3 P2 ;

 Create arch trajectory with following coordinates:
 first point of trajectory (X=0, Y=2000) – start point of 1-st generatrix;
 second point of trajectory (X=10000, Y=14000) – start point of 2-nd generatrix;
 third point of trajectory (X=8000, Y=6000).
 Twice press Esc.
 Select the first generatrix.
 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel, point to Move drop-down list and click Move by coordinates

command.
 In the Move the objects dialog box (See Fig. 20.16) specify the following:
 Increment Z, mm – 4000.
 Click OK.
 Press Esc.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.16 Move the objects dialog box

To create ramp
 Select the trajectory, 1-st and 2-nd generatrices (the order of selection is important), holding Shift.
 On the Create ribbon tab, on the panel Shapes point to 3D by line drop-down list and click 1 trajectory

and 2 generatrices command.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel point to Delete drop-down list and click Delete
command.
 Select the created surface.
 In the Properties dialig box define the following:
 material – Concrete B25;
 interpretation – Load-bearing structure;
 number of generatrix parts – 8
 shell thickness, mm – 180.

 Click Apply to object .

 Press Esc.
 Right-click in the model and click UCS to abs.0,0,0.

Step 10. Erection process modelling (ASSEMBLAGE)

Automatic generation of assembled actions

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Automatic creation panel click Assemblage command
 In the Assemblage dialog box (See Fig.20.18) click Auto.
 In the Automatic generation of actions dialog box (See Fig.20.17) specify By types of elements and
uncheck Stages by storeys.

Figure 20.17 Automatic generation of actions dialog box

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

 Click Order of elements types for generation of actions to see in what order the elements will be
erected.
 Click Generate (in Assemblage dialog box appears the actions chain – order of building erection).

To assign assemblage stages manually

 To change erection order click action 4,Other (storey #1) and holding left mouse button drag the action to
the right, changing its position with action 5,Slab bottom (storey #2).
 Select the action 5,Other and select check box Stage.
 Select check box Stage for next actions: 8,Slab bottom (storey #3); 11,Slab bottom (storey #4); 14, Slab
bottom (storey #5); 17,Slab top (storey#5) (See Fig.20.18).

Figure 20.18 Assemblage dialog box

To see animation of structure`s erection process

 In the Assemblage dialog box define the following:
 click the first assemblage action;
 in the Filter field point to drop-down list and select Model state at the moment of active action.
 in the Animation field move the slider right a little
 click Play (See Fig.20.19, 20.20)
 Click Stop
 Click Close .

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.19 Second stage of assemblage

Figure 20.20 The last assemblage stage

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Step 11. Creation of load-cases and assigning loads

Load-case №1 (Dead load)

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Loads panel click Linear load button.
 In the properties line for Load tool specify the following:

 method of creation - Axial;

 at the beginning - 1.6tf/m2; at the end 1.6 tf/m2;

 click button near Load-case.

 In the Edit load-cases dialog box (See Fig.20.21) define the following data:
 click row Load on slabs;
 click one more time on the name of load-case Load on slabs and rename it on Dead load;
 for this load-case in the Load-case type list, click Dead;
 click row Temporary load on slab and rename it on Effective load;
 in the Load-case type list click Live temp/Live;
 select row Another load-case;

 click Delete button;

 select row Dead load (make it active one) (see Fig.20.21);
 after this click OK.

Figure 20.21 Edit load-cases dialog box

 Click the foundation slab edge to take its axial line (slab perimeter will be marked with thin green line).
 Press Enter.

 In the properties line for Load tool click Segment method of creation;
 Create linear load with next coordinates:
 first point (X=3000, Y=7500);
 second point (X=3000, Y=13500);

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Loads panel click Load across contour button.
 In the properties line for Load specify the following:

 method of creation Axial ;

 at the beginning 0.3tf/m2;
 at the end 0.3tf/m2.
 Click the foundation slab edge to take its axial line and press Enter.
 Press Esc.

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To modify the contour of linear load

 Select the linear load.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel click Offset button.
 In the Offset dialog box (See Fig.20.22) specify the following:
 Offset, mm – (-100)
 Click OK.
 Press Esc.

Figure 20.22 Offset dialog box

Load-case №2 (Live load)

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Loads panel click Load across contour button.
 In the properties line for Load tool define the following:
 load-case – Effective load;
2
 at the beginning – 0.5 tf/m ;
2
 at the end – 0.5 tf/m ;
 colour – green.
 Click the foundation slab edge to take its axial line and press Enter.
 In the properties line for Load tool specify the following:

 method of creation - Rectangle ;

2
 at the beginning – 2tf/m ;
2
 at the end – 2tf/m ;
 colour – red.
 Create a uniformly distributed loaf with next coordinates:
 1-st point of diagonal (X=13000, Y=11000);
 2-nd point of diagonal (X=15500, Y=15000).
 Press Esc.

Copying loads on storeys

 On the Visualization toolbar click Filter button.

 In the Filtrate elements dialog box (See Fig.20.23) select Load check-box.
 Click Select.

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Figure 20.23 Filtrate elements dialog box

 Click Close button.

 On the Edit ribbon tab, on the Modify panel point to Paste drop-down list and click Paste to selected

storeys button.
 In the Select storeys dialog box (See Fig.20.24) select all storeys, while pressing Shift, except the first
one.
 Select check boxes for all storeys.

Figure 20.24 Select storeys dialog box

 Click OK.
© 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. 23
Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

 Press Esc.

To define load from roofing

 In the Structure dialog box double-click the line to make it active one.

 On the Create ribbon tab, on the Loads panel click Load across contour button.
 In the properties line for Load tool specify the following:

 method of creation - Axial ;

 load-case – Dead load;
2
 at the beginning 0.1tf/m
2
 at the end 0.1tf/m ;
 colour – blue.
 Click the roofing slab edge to take its axial line and press Enter.
 Press Esc.

On the Visualization toolbar click Filter by load-cases button to see the load separately for
each load-case.

Step 12. Creation of FE model

To create a meshed model

 On the Analytics ribbon tab click Meshed model button.

 In the Create a new meshed model dialog box (See Fig.20.25) click OK (will open the new tab called
Example20.spf:Meshed model).

Meshed model button switches between the creation of physical model and tools for generation of a
meshed model.

Figure 20.25 Create a new meshed model dialog box

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Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

The program will launch check on errors before creation of a meshed model. If there are errors to
report, the list of them displays in Service information window. It is recommended to correct all errors.

To edit the properties of a meshed model

 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Meshed model: creation panel click Meshed model properties
button.
 In the Parameters dialog box (See Fig.20.26) specify the following:
 L search, mm – 350.
 Click OK.

Figure 20.26 Parameters dialog box

To idealize model
 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Meshed model: FE mesh generation point to drop-down list Reach

and click Reach twice command.

 In the SAPFIR dialog box (See Fig.20.27) click Yes.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.27 SAPFIR dialog box

 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Meshed model: FE mesh generation panel point to Intersect drop-

down list and click Intersect command.

 In the SAPFIR dialog box (See Fig 20.28) click Yes.

Figure 20.28 SAPFIR dialog box

 The meshed model with intersection is presented on Fig.20.29

Figure 20.29. Meshed model with intersections

26 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

To generate FE mesh

 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Meshed model: FE mesh generation click Options button.
 In the FE mesh options dialog box (See Fig.20.30) specify the following:
 FE mesh for plates – adaptive quadrilateral;
 Size, m – 5.
 Click Assign.

Figure 20.30 FE mesh options dialog box

 On the toolbar Projections click Top view .

 Click and drag the mouse to window-select ramp elements from left to right.
 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Meshed model: FE mesh generation panel point to Generate drop-

down list and click Generate FE mesh command.

 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Meshed model: FE mesh generation panel click Options
button.
 In the FE mesh options dialog box (See Fig.20.30) change Size, m on 0.6.
 Click Assign.

 On the Projections toolbar click Left view button.

 Click and drag the mouse to window-select model elements except ramp from left to right.
 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Meshed model: FE mesh generation panel point to Generate drop-

down list and click Generate FE mesh command.

 Press Esc.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

To assign boundary conditions on ramp elements

 On the Projections toolbar click Top view button.

 Click and drag the mouse to window-select bottom row of ramp elements.
 In the Parameters of 16 objects dialog box specify the following:
 click button opposite to Constraints parameter;

 in the Constraints dialog box (See Fig.20.31) for group At bottom click Rigid fixing .
 Click OK.

Figure 20.31 Constraints dialog box

 Click Apply to object (press Enter).

 Click Esc.

Step 13. Creation of file to LIRA-SAPR

 On the Analytics ribbon tab, on the Analysis in LIRA-SAPR panel point to drop-down list Open and click

Open to open meshed model into LIRA-SAPR software.

The program will create file into *.s2l format in directory C:\Users\Public\Documents\LIRA SAPR\LIRA
SAPR 2015\Data and will open this file into VISOR-SAPR system.

 After file saving Service information window will display the next warnings Dead load. Cannot find finite
elements to apply load. 4.27% (5.544 tf) of the load is lost. Effective load. Cannot find finite elements
to apply load. 4.27% (10.080 tf) of the load is lost (the lost part of load is above the staircase opening).
 The meshed model opens in LIRA-SAPR software

Step 14. Unification of local axes

SAPFIR automatically unifies local axes for slabs and walls.

 On the Projections toolbar, click Projection on XOY plane button.

 On the Select toolbar, point to Select elements drop-down list and click Select elements button.
 Select the ramp elements by selection window through the left to right diagonal.

28 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

 On the Plates contextual tab, on the Edit plates panel, click Local axes of plates command.
 In the Local axes of plates (See Fig.20.32) dialog box select the second tab Cutting plane.

 Select the XOZ- option and click Apply

Figure 20.32 Local axes of plates dialog box

 Click Close button.

 On the Select toolbar, point to Select elements drop-down list and click Select elements button in
order to make this command not active.

Step 15. Edit the assemblage table

 On the Analysis ribbon tab, on the Nonlinearity panel click Assemblage command.
 In the Model nonlinear load case of the structure dialog box (See Fig.20.33) select the fifth tab Add.
load cases and specify the following:
 select the row Stage 5 in the History area;
 in the table Coefficients for account of additional load cases specify the coefficient 1 for 6-th and
7-th load cases;

 click OK .

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.33 Model nonlinear load case of the structure dialog box

Step 16. Complete analysis of the structure

 To carry out complete analysis of the structure, on the Analysis ribbon tab, on the Analysis panel point to

Analyse drop-down list and click Complete Analysis command.

Step 17. Review and evaluation of static analysis results

When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate results of static analysis, select the
Results ribbon tab.

 In the mode of analysis results visualization, by default design model is presented with account of nodal
displacements for first assemblage stage. To present the model without nodal displacements on the

Results ribbon tab, on the Deformations panel click Initial Model command.

To present diagrams of internal forces

 To display diagram My, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Forces in bars panel click Moment diagrams

(My) button.
 To display diagram Qz, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Forces in bars panel click Shear force diagrams

(Qz) button.
 To display diagram N, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Forces in bars panel click Axial force diagrams

(N) button.

30 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

 To display mosaic plot N, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Forces in bars panel click Mosaic plot of

forces in bars command in the Force diagrams/Mosaic plots drop-down list.

To change number of active load case

 On the status bar (displayed at the bottom of the screen) in the Load case No. list select No. 2 for the

second assemblage stage and click Apply .

To present displacement contour plots:

 To present contour plots of displacements along the Z-axis, on the Results ribbon tab, on the
Deformations panel, point to Displacement mosaic/contour plot drop-down list and select the

Displacement mosaic/contour plot in global coordinate system command.

 Then click Displacements along Z button on the same panel.

To present stress mosaic plots

 To present stress mosaic plot for Mx, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Stress in plates and solids panel

select the Stress mosaic plot command in the Stress mosaic/contour plots drop-down list.

 Then click Stress Mx button on the same panel.

 To present stress mosaic plot for Nx, click Stress Nx button on the same panel.

To generate and review tables of analysis results

 To present table with forces in elements of the model, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Tables panel point

to Documents drop-down list and click Standard tables command.

 In the Standard tables dialog box (See Fig.20.34) select Forces in the list.

 Make sure that All load cases option is defines in the Choose load case No. list and click Apply .

By default standard tables are generated in the *.csv format. Information presented in these tables is
divided into different tabs: input data (optional), e.g. DCF coefficients; output data for bars, output data for
plates; etc.
To generate table in *.csv format and add it to the Report Book, select the Generate updated table in Report
Book check box. If the tables located in the Report Book it is possible to update it later (if required) and add it to
the report file with the Report Book options.
To modify format on the table, in the Standard tables dialog box, click Select format. Then in the Table format
dialog box, select appropriate option and click OK. To generate table in Document Maker (DOC-SAPR module),
select RPT format.
Selected format is saved and will be applied by default in further work with standard tables.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.34 Standard tables dialog box

 To close the table click Close button.

Step 18. Review and evaluate results from analysis of reinforcement

When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate results from analysis of reinforcement,
select the Design ribbon tab (for Standard ribbon interface).

To present results from analysis of reinforcement

 To present information about determined reinforcement in a certain plate element, on the Select toolbar,

click Information about nodes and elements button and specify with a pointer any plate element of
the model.
 In the dialog box that appears on the screen, select the Information about reinforcement tab. This dialog
box contains complete information about selected element, including results for reinforcement.

 To close the dialog box, click Close button.

 To switch to the mode for presentation of symmetric reinforcement in rebars, on the Design ribbon tab

select RC: bars panel and click Symmetric reinforcement command in the Reinforcement drop-
down list.
 To display mosaic plot for area of longitudinal reinforcement in the lower left corner of the section AU1, click

the Corner reinforcement AU1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Bars panel).
 To display mosaic plot for area of longitudinal reinforcement in the lower left corner of the section AU1, click

the Corner reinforcement AU1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Bars panel).

32 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

 To display mosaic plot for area of longitudinal reinforcement in the lower right corner of the section AU2,

click the Corner reinforcement AU2 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Bars panel).
 To display mosaic plot for area of lower reinforcement in plates along the X1-axis, click the Lower

reinforcement in plates along X1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Plates panel).
 To display mosaic plot for area of lower reinforcement in plates along the Y1-axis, click the Lower

reinforcement in plates along Y1 button (on the Design ribbon tab, the RC: Plates panel).

To generate and review table with analysis results for

reinforcement

 On the Select toolbar click Select Vertical Bars

command and select with the pointer all elements of
columns.
 On the Design ribbon tab, on the Tables panel point to
Documentation drop-down list and select Analysis results

tables for RC command.

 In the Tables of results dialog box (See Fig.20.35), click the
Plates option in the Elements area. Options For all
elements in the Create table area and CSV (*.csv) in the
Select format area are selected by default.
 Click Table on the screen (It is also possible to add the
table to the Report Book and select format for the table, in a
similar manner to that used for standard tables).

Figure 20.35 Tables of results dialog box

Step 19. Export the reinforcement results for slabs to
SAPFIR
 To export the reinforcement results for slabs point to Application menu and select Export Reinforcement

Results to SAPFIR… command.

 In the Export reinforcement results to SAPFIR dialog box make sure that filename is Example20 and
select the directory. Then click Save.

The results file (*.asp), formed by LIRA-SAPR it is recommended to save into model file (*.spf)
directory and with the same name as model file. Then SAPFIR will automatically load the

reinforcement results when clicking on Show command (option Results autoload in Project
properties).

Step 20. Import the reinforcement results into SAPFIR-RC system

To continue work with SAPFIR on the task-bar, click the Start button, and then point to All programs.
Point to the folder that contains LIRA-SAPR / LIRA-SAPR 2015 and then click SAPFIR 2015.

To continue work with the sample point to Application menu and select Open command. In the
Open dialog box select the directory where the sample was saved. Select Example20.spf model and click
Open.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

To import the reinforcement results

 In the Views dialog box double click the line.

 On the Visualization toolbar click Filter by object types command.

 In the Object visibility filter dialog box (See Fig.20.36) clear Load check box.
 Click OK.

Figure 20.36 Object visibility filter dialog box

 To present the reinforcement results on the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Reinforcement results

panel click Show command.

 During import of reinforcement results the following data is presented in Service information window:
 Building Standard, according to which the analysis was completed – SNiP 2.03.01-84*;
 analysis of sections by – Forces;
 number of design option – Variant 1;
 8973 FE (from 9229) are geometrically correlated with reinforcing elements;
 55 columns and beams are subjected to reinforcement.

 Select the overlapping slab between 4-th and 5-th storeys.

 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Longitudinal reinforcement panel click Reinforce
command
 In the SAPFIR 6.0 dialog box (See Fig.20.37) click Yes.

34 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Figure 20.37 SAPFIR 6.0 dialog box

 In the Tagging of structure elements dialog box (рис.20.38) agree with proposed tag Ss-1 and click OK.

Figure 20.38 Tagging of structure elements dialog box

If the reinforced results are not saved at the same directory as the model, you are prompted to load
reinforcement results. Find the directory with results, select them and click Open.

 The system will open the new tab Example20.spf: Ss-1 with formwork plane of slab and will present model
in horizontal projection XOY.

To customize the reinforcement palette

 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Settings panel point to Reinf.palette drop-down list and click the

Reinforcement palette command.

 In the Reinforcement palette customization dialog box (See Fig.20.39) specify the following:
 right click in window and click DT(M), DAKK colours;
 select For all check-box,
 click OK.

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

Figure 20.39 Reinforcement palette customization dialog box

The complex reinforcement palette in mentioned dialog box allows varying the diameter and step for
main reinforcement, adding new combinations of diameter and step, and deleting the existed one. The
customized reinforcement palette could be saved in file and then loaded for other projects.

 To select the visualization and layout of upper reinforcement click the Upper reinforcement along Y
command (on the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Slab panel).
 The formwork plane of slab with reinforcement results in form of mosaic plot is presented on Fig.20.40

Figure 20.40 Mosaic plot of upper reinforcement along Y

36 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Step 21. Layout of additional reinforcement zones

To analyze the anchorage length

 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Settings panel, click Anchorage and lap command.
 In the Anchorage and overlapping of nonprestressed reinforcement dialog box (See Fig.20.41) specify the
following parameters:
 point to Concrete class drop-down list and select B25;
 point to Diameter drop-down list and select 12mm;
 click Calculate button;
 the result of analysis is shown in Anchorage length area.
 After that click OK.

Figure 20.41 Anchorage and overlapping of nonprestressed reinforcement dialog box

By default all reinforcement zones have initial anchorage according to diameter. Anchorage length is
taken from Reinforcement dialog box (button Reinforcement on the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on
the Settings panel). You can create your own user set of rebars with corresponding settings and save
it to the file. User set you can use in further projects.

Layout of rectangular zones of additional reinforcement

 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Longitudinal reinforcement panel, point to Slab drop-down list

and select Rectangular zone command.

© 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. 37
Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

 In the properties line for Rectangular zone tool select Ø12 step 200mm from drop-down list.
 In the Properties of construction: Reinforcement dialog box define the following:
 Anchorage length 340mm;

 Click Apply to object .

 Position some rectangular zones over supports to cover all spots of additional reinforcement. To position the
rectangular zone of additional reinforcement in is necessary to specify 2 vertices of rectangular diagonal
(See Fig.20.42).
 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Reinforcement results panel, point to Mosaic plot drop-down

list and select Reinforcement shortage .

In turned visualization mode Reinforcement shortage when reinforcement spot had overlapped by
additional reinforcement, then it disappeared from formwork plane.

 Select the reinforcement zone at inner corner of overlapping slab.

 In the properties line for Rectangular zone tool click Cut by place button to mark this zone with the *.
 Press Esc to unselect rectangular zone of reinforcement.

If the mode Get from mosaic or contour plot is turned on then SAPFIR RC automatically
chooses the reinforcement intensity (combination of diameter and step) necessary by analysis to
overlap the reinforcement spot.

Figure 20.42 The scheme of upper reinforcement position along numerical axes

38 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

Step 22. Frame the opening in overlapping slab

To frame the opening
 Select the opening in overlapping slab.
 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Auxiliary reinforcement panel, point to Frame the opening

drop-down list and select Frame the opening command.

 In the Frame the opening dialog box (See Fig 20.43) define the following parameters:
 in Straight rebars area Step S, mm – 150;
 number – 5;

 click Identical parameters ;

 in Straight rebars along diagonals area step S, mm – 150;
 number – 5

 click U-elements button, to turn off position of U-elements

 After that click Accept.

Figure 20.43 Frame the opening dialog box

To assign tag-leaders for framing reinforcement

 Select vertical framing rebars.

 In the properties line for Rebars tool click the Tag command.
 Attach tags for other framing rebars (See Fig.20.44).

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

 If necessary move the tags using Move the point command (on the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on
the Modify panel).
To assign dimensions
 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Annotate panel click Automatic generation of dimensions

command.
 For all reinforcement zones will be created automatic annotations for their outer dimensions and snap to
grid lines (See Fig.20.44).

 If necessary edit position of dimensions using Move the point command (Reinforcement ribbon tab,
Modify panel).

Figure 20.44 The scheme of upper reinforcement position along numerical lines with dimensions

Step 23. Generate Rebar list and drawing sheet

To unify zones of additional reinforcement

 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Documentation panel click Rebar list command.
 In the Rebar list.Ss-1 dialog box (Fig.20.45) right click the position to be unified and click Merge position
with the previous one from the shortcut menu (in column Unif.Δm, kg is specified mass on
overexpenditure of reinforcement).

So as layout of additional reinforcement zones depends on Bar length multiple module, mm (rebar
length and other default parameters could be changed on Views ribbon tab, Settings panel, SAPFIR

40 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

Example 20. Analysis of multistorey building with non-girder framework and design of solid reinforced concrete
slab in SAPFIR-RC system

settings dialog box, Reinforcement tab), then number and length of rebars could differ. Merging of
positions should be performed for such reinforcement zones where it is reasonable.

Figure 20.45 Rebar list dialog box

 To merge three or more positions and also if necessary to specify the length of unified rebars select 3
positions in the table and click command.
 In the Unification of rebars length dialog box (Fig.20.46) specify the new length value (by default it equals
to the longest rebar from unified).
 Click OK twice.
To generate drawing sheet

 On the Reinforcement ribbon tab, on the Documentation panel click Rebar list command.
 In the Rebar list dialog box click command.
 In the Draw schedules and rebar lists dialog box specify the name of a drawing Slab reinforcement and

click Apply command.

Figure 20.46 Draw schedules and rebar lists dialog box

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2016

 The system opens the new tab Example20.spf:Slab reinforcement with rebar list, list of steel
consumption, parts list and notes.

To place the reinforcement scheme on drawing

 In the Views dialog box click plus near to expand the list of reinforcement views.
 Right click Ss-1 line and click Place on drawing.
 The formwork plane of slab with scheme of reinforcement appears on the drawing.

 Select the scheme and move it to the left upper corner of sheet using Move command (Annotation
ribbon tab, Modify panel).
 Press Esc to unselect the elements.

Figure 20.47 Drawing of reinforcement position in overlapping slab on elevation +16.000

42 © 2011 – 2016 LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.