Set theory was given by German mathematician Georg Cantor
between years 1874 and 1897.
A set is a well defined collection of objects or elements.
Notation of sets :
Notation A = { 1,2,3,4,6,10 }
of Sets Elements
of Set
Some Standard Notations For Some Special Sets
N Natural Numbers
W Whole Numbers
Z/I All Integers
Q Rational Numbers
E Even Integers
O Odd Integers
R Real Numbers
Є Belongs to
Є Does not Belongs to
Representation of Sets
Sets are represented by three methods : -
Representation of Sets
Description Roster form or Set Builder Form or Rule
Method
Method Tabular Form
Description Method :
A well defined description about set is written.
Description is usually enclosed in curly brackets { }.
Roster Form or Tabular Form :
Representation of set, elements of set are separated by commas and
are enclosed within curly brackets { }.
Set Builder Form or Rule Method :
We write a variable representing any element or members of set, put
vertical ‘ | ‘ or colon ‘ : ’ which stands for words ‘ such that ‘ .
Types Of Sets
Finite Set Infinite Set
Empty Set or Null Set or Void
Equal Set
Set
Equivalent Set
Finite Set :
A set whose elements can be counted, in which the process of counting
it’s elements comes to an end.
Infinite Set :
A set which has unlimited number of elements is called an infinite set.
Empty Set or Null Set or Void Set :
A set having no element is called an empty set or null set or void set.
It is denoted by Ф or { }.
Equal Set :
Two sets are said to be equal when they have exactly same elements.
Equivalent Set :
Two ( finite ) sets are equivalent, if their cardinal numbers are same.
Equivalent sets are written as A B or A ~ B.
Subset
If every element of one set is also a member of second set, then the first set
is a subset of second set.
We use the symbol ⊂ to mean “ is a subset of “.
Super Set
When set A is the subset of set B, then set B is called the super set of A.
Symbolically :- B ⊃ A.
Power Set
The collection of all subsets of set A is called the power set of A.
It is denoted by P(A).
The power set of a given set is always non-empty.
Universal Set
A set that contains all the elements under consideration in a given problem is
called an universal set.
It is denoted by S or U or 𝛏 ( pxi ).
