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Scenario: Library System …

1. Scenario: Library System

• You need to design a library system where books can be borrowed and returned. Create
classes Book, Member, and Library. Each Book should have a title, author, and status (available or
borrowed). Each Member should have a name and an ID. The Library class should manage a collection
of Books and Members and allow books to be borrowed and returned.
• Questions:
1. How would you design these classes and their relationships?
2. What methods would you include in the Library class to handle borrowing and returning
books?
2. Scenario: Banking System
• You are tasked with implementing a simple banking system where customers can create
accounts, deposit money, and withdraw money. Create a BankAccount class with methods for
depositing and withdrawing money. Each account should have an account number and balance.
• Questions:
1. How would you implement the BankAccount class with appropriate methods?
2. How would you ensure thread safety when multiple transactions are happening
simultaneously?
3. Scenario: Employee Management System
• Develop an employee management system where employees can be added, and their
details (like name, ID, and department) can be updated. Create a Employee class and a Department
class. The Department class should manage a list of employees.
• Questions:
1. How would you design the Employee and Department classes?
2. What methods would you include to add, remove, and update employees in the
Departmentclass?
4. Scenario: E-commerce Platform
• Create a basic e-commerce system where products can be listed and purchased. You need
to design a Productclass with properties like name, price, and stock quantity. Additionally, design a Cart
class where users can add products and checkout.
• Questions:
1. How would you design the Product and Cart classes?
 2. What methods would you include in the Cart class to handle adding products, calculating
the total price, and completing the purchase?
5. Scenario: Vehicle Management
• You are developing a system to manage different types of vehicles (e.g., cars, trucks,
motorcycles). Create a base class Vehicle with common attributes like make, model, and year. Derive
subclasses Car, Truck, and Motorcycle from Vehicle, each with specific attributes and methods.
• Questions:
1. How would you define the Vehicle class and its subclasses?
2. What methods would you include to display the details of each vehicle type?

1. Library System

1.1 Class Design and Relationships

● Book:
○ Attributes: title (string), author (string), status (boolean: available/borrowed)
○ Methods: getters and setters for attributes
● Member:
○ Attributes: name (string), ID (int)
○ Methods: getters and setters for attributes
● Library:
○ Attributes: books (list of Book objects), members (list of Member objects)
○ Methods:
■ addBook(Book book): adds a book to the library
■ addMember(Member member): adds a member to the library
■ borrowBook(Member member, Book book): borrows a book for a member
■ returnBook(Member member, Book book): returns a book from a member

1.2 Library Class Methods

● borrowBook(Member member, Book book):
○ Checks if the book is available.
○ If available, sets the book's status to borrowed and associates it with the member.
● returnBook(Member member, Book book):
○ Checks if the member has the book.
○ If so, sets the book's status to available and disassociates it from the member.

2. Banking System
2.1 BankAccount Class
● Attributes: accountNumber (int), balance (double)
● Methods:
○ deposit(amount): adds the specified amount to the balance
○ withdraw(amount): subtracts the specified amount from the balance if sufficient funds are
available

2.2 Thread Safety

● To ensure thread safety, use synchronization mechanisms like locks or atomic operations when
accessing the balance.
 ● Consider using a concurrent data structure like ConcurrentHashMap for storing accounts.
● Implement optimistic concurrency control for better performance.

3. Employee Management System

3.1 Employee and Department Classes
● Employee:
○ Attributes: name (string), ID (int), department (Department)
○ Methods: getters and setters for attributes
● Department:
○ Attributes: name (string), employees (list of Employee objects)
○ Methods:
■ addEmployee(Employee employee): adds an employee to the department
■ removeEmployee(Employee employee): removes an employee from the
department
■ updateEmployee(Employee employee): updates an employee's details

3.2 Department Class Methods

● addEmployee(Employee employee): Adds the employee to the employees list.
● removeEmployee(Employee employee): Removes the employee from the employees list.
● updateEmployee(Employee employee): Finds the employee in the list and updates their
details.

4. E-commerce Platform
4.1 Product and Cart Classes
● Product:
○ Attributes: name (string), price (double), stockQuantity (int)
○ Methods: getters and setters for attributes
● Cart:
○ Attributes: items (list of Product objects)
○ Methods:
■ addItem(Product product): adds a product to the cart
■ removeItem(Product product): removes a product from the cart
■ calculateTotalPrice(): calculates the total price of all items in the cart
■ checkout(): processes the purchase (e.g., reduces stock quantity, generates order)

4.2 Cart Class Methods

● addItem(Product product): Adds the product to the items list.
● removeItem(Product product): Removes the product from the items list.
● calculateTotalPrice(): Iterates over the items and calculates the total price.
● checkout():
○ Iterates over the items and reduces the stock quantity for each product.
○ Generates an order (could be a separate class) with the purchased items and total price.

5. Vehicle Management
5.1 Vehicle and Subclasses
● Vehicle:
○ Attributes: make (string), model (string), year (int)
○ Methods: getters and setters for attributes
● Car:
○ Attributes: numberOfDoors (int)
○ Methods: specific car-related methods (e.g., startEngine())
● Truck:
○ Attributes: payloadCapacity (int)
○ Methods: specific truck-related methods (e.g., loadCargo())
 ● Motorcycle:
○ Attributes: engineType (string)
○ Methods: specific motorcycle-related methods (e.g., startEngine())

5.2 Displaying Vehicle Details

● Each subclass can have a displayDetails() method to print its specific information along with the
inherited attributes from the Vehicle class.
Note: This is a basic outline. Depending on the specific requirements, additional classes, attributes, and
methods might be needed.