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FM 2 Unit 1 and Unit 2

fluid mechanic

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Apoorva Sahu
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34 views23 pages

FM 2 Unit 1 and Unit 2

fluid mechanic

Uploaded by

Apoorva Sahu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Rare waite WEisboe A" 5 = Zonder a Liquid Howing through a pipe q Vametry 0’ 7 losicler section OO% 00 demi wits uuils apart de” At de be the diflovenu in Lively bf the 9 section's. At v be te ream velatitips Y dow det W he the Seational areaff lor. det pic Pp be the Prewure inten rity He rowscher the flaiol bocly bia the ' thoh wo aces the yesultaut fore in should be we wee puss newton's for Ureular pipet pond eee Ne nl “ ae ~onsider Pe part q pide a trthaving myth We bet 5 hy = aban? geetion $4 awa 2,2. 7 1 Ww > dit vy he the vole Alb throws tad Ue Phe det @ be a Woelticienct om Phot Fo te fs the quuowtity 9 He Higa Plows Yooetes 28 vibe hes a(t) at phere wet willhe a frictional ReVistanter ea 7e ov zy Loe > Recording te & Proud. oS Prickonal Reristamee spontack Area. x body y| io ev = fk contact mea * Welouty) a where 1 1, a woetpicienct obefewdling on athe yours ed r ie 2. Prctinal tenstance =o ¥ Up. 2) ¥ where pis the perimetiv Y Pipes we Ue above: quowsity An g ow % ap in bee feared in eyal te voor clone Ua over - hietional Rewitewee pur $20 Foctional Revstante x dist ofa lr Leelee = tet weignt 4 te Liquid diseharge Por secon : (SAL tlre. A atte aren FPipe, w= wert dem sity: a dew | erry Aeod & su Liquicl mover, Hare will claimg work agaimat es K vem tengo omen moved it om setond hy = low} emery) per wath weight Y the Liguids = Fl ptw 1A =f Chexy's Formula we ye yuor Hat from i" O we vee ae L v= | [mi iF es ix slope : oh where Tree Gal t ta (Emre, i te = 2S Yhw Peloton pect] i calle] chara's formula. af Value 9 Ltn dovey welshach formula :— @ the wefficiont f iv the formula, ge MEL ag we a fumcton 4 Reynoldl’s wo. Re Co eo a7 +) whim & <2000, ie Litagouw pelrulle.) <4” 000, fz 0-079 ne) uate @e 72000 & Me 100,000 anol f from the <2", Le a Log, gReVaF ~ 8 [Karroam Prandtl <4") Weg 4 Houar stron at te pipe wall 2— Futtional Revivtonte providing by pipe wall = fv tontaet area xv gp veo rey oot the free ibe a ~ (Ee) vv ang velouty | dren & Sere | [c xv 2 T et 2 { y A Pipe 20 ome im iametin Arm dmg tonveys & water ot a velit it wy Pind the tread lov in friction et. = “ faking f 20.006 © wring mange Os est whew 6-57 SAO 2) dong treo ee Ly oFking the formula hy addy 234 = Ax oooge sexes” 229-8 (0-2) Wee ee bao 4 = osm © ve efmi |. FF Ff. i te mag BESS ve S71 Joornt pe onsg = RE 2p hye 1038 tH om t ara 2 smooth wrought bron pipe 200m in dliametin Loney orasle ol ak a velaity 4 Srmis Bnd phe dow tuad per room dng % pipes take a %lemematic vieasity yy crude ob 0.5 Hoken ov em'/s. solution: Given dl = 20am = 12M s yoam]s, L= Loom 7H = 0.8 a tk = Md = wy 300 x20 _ 200 %20 _=\2,000 = OF sine Re’ Lies betoeer 2000 amd 100,000 we Motel Bind PP by wing Mantua formate = 0.018 = 0-013 = 0.007" ett (42.000)74 odo Yaad tgs 4h | yb = ow “7° *t dg = Axpensorexioe y 9 2 Geom ® 020 2X98) = g Giew thot the Fictional wetti det for the flow through a Smecth tile iv yiven ty f = 0-003 +0. 0725" Ro? wheye, Re = Reno's Wuumper. Ag mercueryhly pind the premnare chap On owe a am. why wal % density Lampe Bypapae rod ver a gt and vistonty 0: 0067 poise, Flows tough 225mm dhamety tbe 2 the role # 0-95 be/sce. Steric gravity, Q Hg = Ber solution ;— A= av > VE 39365 em/s Reo = dvd 2S x193SK4 0.0087 Jaro 52 12202 or os f= or003+ oars (122%) = 0005s 335) a 2. 4x 0.possx oe LY 38° Nei dys ude eV & eee B80 Oae qe y ng 2 Ose = 0, 504x108 Tae 2 baeel bread dors ie owned Hye = = gts OM THY. eu inn dan ion Pickin the Wottident % dnetion ds giver ie nil ee pur throu 2 pipe $10 m lng chametiv. the oll has a viscosity % 0.05-pole amd cpecitic wget % 930 Fy /m3. Find thea the head y02S sieve Re = Rewold's No. = 0-013 Re Hoo pump having am efticd = obs buy ne: aeneten md ales iy ice meat Mo & tight 4 18 m detrmins te Horie power Regie tw pvive the pump? SEE Given, pes v.05 ps ge isatl je Gradiok += spttylrowlic eS wlan. ; de i SD L aeiay onal oneal he ete % 8 Fictions. the fluid , oven % amen 4 pipe. thy wel wiaad Sac ond Ly whom We tontider a dong pide; Torah the. Fotional Revi toner és * oo sodargt thot otlur Resistantes i vmeuy he Aaparr 04 bri yriticnvet= = oa unergy Lo ion over Lovniming the a Jonctional’ Rovistamte, bor unit watts FS An Aguid % the emerey ‘heal lob in biction awd Lt do Mpreased| tm meters J He awd: Fige vinous a long pipling 4 Langs" et two Resour Uonncediny % ned. dak nebo Aid deel 9 Oe ha prevece wmatioasity 7 de diy Ans _pibe- Shear trem = om sectional | prevrve head ot Bu Section in po cewune baal qe Led ot al seston tp plotted as vertical ordi nadia, Jaring Ue i Linas we ger a Called — the Wychraulite grachienc Ak vlope % PWyetraullic gracliont = Jetal Lows of tees tan! oo dived boy the total darcatck Lag 9 the pfpe. jah wn Solpe Y bydtyaustti gradient Make Hoon woke % Syphon — . > Hae fore #0 Pipeline ia ahove, thy hydrau ic gradient Lind ib called & sybian « He qt powible that a pipeline onay vemain ‘below the upper Mathes. : AU be called a Hyphon df Fomeware 4b above he Hydraulic gradient Une. af Aythaulic. gradliout for pipeline having vanable Oia [ Sualden contraction ams expomssun.) > Let's wow consiley & pipe 7 small Ang Lomnesting, far Reve vier koma B. . _s dit watr Plow from the Refirviour Aa the ReAVB along th pipe. we row Abot ot assem any tection 4 tla bipe. We roral emery “head b equal t datiunn teée] oq (polucial had ) + Pre ure head + Kinetic head. rk ret - oy Whith Reference from tle wotev Junel iw te Reveviour re duh more Y Loner 4 mer doces| hand to Pee pipeline un to ae fetes de Cie oblained im this wou B 2 called a total emevay Line. Shin dine » them dle teight 4 dhs dolarencrgyp Line ; EEE he pipline vomits He Loreponends abt be, ded Qt. q clit: Levgth om sreatdia.). Por thu Ramge W®, the dat wes be the velaiticn tm the phe ab, bored: ak dis bay dy be Pe Aangths % teats tompaneds 7 the bipe, Wa folleing Lore tee] head ill oucerea: — “ps at the pobret a, Aon trend at evtrens % the pipe i ce HGL © below He TEL by VE, por the Range Be, the HGL Bbelow TEL bi, Tesh, por Hee Range CD tne HGL & below Zhe Ter Uo vee buds Sore ee = Entree ie 2) tow buna duc to path ts ob Joxe $20-002. 4 head = Lut dyedin tb ote eee a ctmnn tenn Oem, 2H + ws bro mM), 3.) at the pt-b , Lom % head] ole to tualden tontrection fe eroot : = 0-5 Ve aly 2 oo dpe agar — , wast” 4) dow 4 heal dur to biction im be- | Sag NE dy agbe > e, « teorrowtal pipe Lonveys voater. L 5.) ot bte. 3 >, ie omolias Monreal pipe Loveys Ly tw 14 head dub suclolenol enlargement Hobe 4 toy the ujdraulic gradioct ho (Lda 120), = Wao) Find the Cale % flaw. tae f = 00005 6 yt of = Oem oe elope wr hnydluaubic geadion ) dan | hed duel ri Pion by col ee, 18 ae ay hues in Ba Lent ) 2 4d 4d qa- dia: ed | £20,008 4 pipe taom , Lon 4 tread= oad 1) bow Vad ot enhons ta Resivviou "2 ae . ao Ts gr= Ape noocd®y _ Le3 0257 K(0IE)” wy dn sum % all Here Uaes 4 taal rhrowld be dgnoing seconct 1 tun Be 8 Rectal € Lomes ty the ndividual pipe. oe wdisclnargt @” bb ty same ts dit key hd, bag be te dorsen Y head bo the Hrcbividua pipes Hum tatal Lonres ethene + hey ew ahr chp tPA oh y Ate pve MO we 4 4 a was HE eyuivalink pike towerponding 4 A given set Z fite Wy Series . dk of be the clammetin Y am epurivalsrcl pibe 7 the some “mgt a2 Wat q the tempeumd Pipes ty fuss the bowme chischarge at the same Lon% read. ays ¢ Ans : oe Uae oh 4: 4 Pipes Lomnected im. Parallel s— LL prod dutta clue to wall closer vill pro ere th tive bramch pips are? 4 © “Yr prewerre pro J : enn Aa be comnettes} rag ! dy % | -co oO foop sive. the pipe mate ipe In thats ancomgemeut the a sent! | nowy hurst du to es asevive hoop Mens coured ma 5 a otal Usoharge &’ crises aaah anim ASE Ss ty homer blo fied at, | along tla dovamde pipes such | : b Brod Ge WIR. ® ' Ln Dry avvomgement the lo tread from seti yw seeton@® v equal to the Lom ise one 4 thse bromch Pipe Le. teehn= he . AON. AGEN AVE BVe 294) ade ~ 2) duet 2 fuse | penure Line Vaulve dur olovere :—[rgotin # Leigid watw calumn thor). “Tren | > lun Ue water flowi by pipeline is reudelenly drab te res by the cldser q ac walla athe lower” | end ov by anus timilay cause, teve will be a tude on vise Sin prewure cut the clistretion y wmomintumr. 2 the Moving w ater, tls will enrcuce a preywube wave which iy trons. emitted] along Lhe ibe oud may produce noice called Poking Or toaley hammer, Dee entout q “prevvare powduer “will alepenol on tha todtervel, a tne im whith tu wall & closed, amd Uae Lemgth4 Une pipe Amd the original velocity im the pipe. puscking 4 pipe can te hear in domevtic watiy pipe alto, wlun Hu tap b ole quickly da Molden PreWure Rise Caused oi tw eapage ¢ flo i pnown ay hammer blow. AE UNET= 2 @® Plow Prous open channels: > nw ober chomnmrel wn coms or paurage Unrvoughr wotid water Plows with TAS Gur face dreedy exposed to ty adworphere- Hur water at Wy puttocn to oct odmosrprerien pre nurse uglet » gle Chanel ™ be Opn ov may be provioled with lever oF top. yu Cane channel Lo proveled mutha Cover’ & OF teh , dt must not be renning full and the air above the water gurbacr % at atmorprenc pre ure. Kbipe im wtih. the watix to nef Panning full alto ets as a chamnel. “tpn lama — a LOVE thin Ribera «= “Sharon ceased charnel Ylu seetion Y the channel may Le tani Uniform or Yow uniform. for B71- A chawnel , ASearey, Ov aquuaduct Chexy's Porrmaulas— vn Smt Consider Lmitor flow | rab iy a Chomne| whore bed 4 at “x Co clobe t det WBE Bee tenitorm cea 4 flow Section Omol 'P? the eociyted pari meter. - fit ¥ be the meom velacity q flow: tonsioler the veater ay Soh a seating aw ga 4225 0 obit apart! wae, ® weight 9 tects worl Bis the too Seation = writ Un above wartity 4 watiy will move & clittamte Vein ‘Pieebud. ond wit fall averticoL cept 4 “Wh s. dom oy pobvctial emevyp ™ gseeond Prefs = wine te NE PacHonal eVvante againat te mation 4th show ey T way = g! x tontact fires. ROH soxsling ‘te droude. on the nature ¢ the pone Bone ages: drsfon ba Tome’ Secor soy .u) Eyeoting the lon 4 RE- we ep agalet friction. wad = ipl v9 ve ted ¢’ ve Ve BEE Ouzy's Pormuta « AL = m= Hydraulic meaner lope sp Fovvkale. for caleudetton cherys cana Pimento, Baxin's Formula s— Chery: tomat ont Ke Conite oltpemcli ng on Ae nate ae Ne priutter's constant ov Pauglness tarfficiowt clepencling. on the. Rouplnea ap He Gham channel gurpac. | wwohuve 5 @ Warnings Pormuta s— heeording te Mannings formula ap Shure Stren at the channel wa :— > we prow for ty channel b/w tipo seetins, a Convegamee Chomnel Section #— - so % factnnal Revittomer provieled Bee aa : tee “ by sonel see 7 = fix tortact area FUhannel x (velouty) Accourding to froude " ghuay stem at the channel Walls is cecal * Ale tontect mean x UF) \ ae es ee = tant act neem = ae = flemmi = pyres fam mE] emt ne we pun that discharge Hoougye & Channel ,vaith aariterm flow giver ty chery 'S equation. qe ace-dmi dle relation Com ge wt where, Ke Aaredm™ the factor “K' is called tue vonveyamee gq channel section. He tonveyomer 44 Hu section & dire proportional B He dlischarye (Kx J ass similarly , we Pole bg cnanmning's formula » the discharge 4/the madvon bs Ziven by Bead wt tt here ne manningts tonviant: Ke ke LL ms eau on Conveyounet 4 . Phe sections be exprescea| 94 hen ec @ on # tiychawle Mia Depth for some particular Chemnel Section — © Pectomguler sections width & section = b gue fh SHA clupth ¥ section= 4 Seameter meas bed, fo bisa J+ HMDIm) = # = bal P pteel © Traperoioal section:— fotiom wictlh= b VS oepih=d , Sole slop JEM 1S al wale ba Tob width = brand A= Ex d[bs band] pas d[bind] “Pe peo smete d® i p= bted srt swan) a = Abt) : +24 [uve] ® Somicireular Channel :— biametx = d , mea = dh p= xd xa © 3h 4 Zz @ creator Channel Piometix =a, k= Fae tery om) =A = Ge phere, di depth 4 weber. HH Most economical section % Channel ov channel best Section ¢— f ; ~y Thin & a chore) whose diamension are design 50 a4 tw provid Lhe maximum discharge for & given amt. ¢ excavation. n given valin J the cross ee sectional avea, fi Hu foro irmal olspim may be cletimine 10 that the discharging ae Be meximunc. © Rectowgular home| 3 best Section == contider aRec- channel 4 i ae Pov thin genes giver area” dct ws dlbeniant He width, amd AepUe _t_ B - 000 gli- toe Jmt boéem, ie dade neress m= ae bd Pp = bred =a. eee smi a 2 ‘ (g-4f'= (5464) > a4 * $000 36d 54. 6 256 _ . 2k = 2q90.53x 2418 6 32 mes [ered ) 25% = 0.059. 6d = eee Sa Sg peso STE HE HO A bed SSS SO gos doe SID 1S 3K qe oem & * Ree channel [n= 0.018] co Sm wick amd conveys trater ate oopth % tom. dp th bes Sob % 0.0063 tind the Rati q flow. Sots - 4. — N= 0.018 , b> Sm, qAatsom, L= 0+0003 ms *~& = bd Ski 2 1S 2 9.93 P been Seo ee Oma Qe av = aed iit ease t_. wo? (ose) D018 R= 6-913 m/s QA dle Y ‘00 Ws = = ot w/s” Hot doon in a. Recs fume q width boom amd having adjustable umbattom sap. i C= 56, find tle bawtbattm Moap ne cesar¢ for unritorm How. with aolspth4 flo 300m Also find ty as tonve- ~ne'K) 9 te flume Given foot), , ges oem No cee = 0.3% vee smi me A 2 0:dk Ob P “bet de Vs sb foi = Oe = 9.1 he 0:19 26, O18 As so « wis {= 0.00064 = — is 008 pe aed = on 18 xe K TOT B Fino Hhemax. Misehayye for Least excavation 4 a hee eh om d- WH B= BYmt Ke r8a bor B= HSK Gor ext. to ne b=3m,, #m | c= 60 CE 18200 are 3 TS M/s - Gumae . AF Trapexoidal channel % Best Sections —> tongider He traperoiclal CLanne| Acetion sown by figure. a} at k= yhewvalur 9 Ha seotional nea. Het b = Batten width d= bpth 7 flow. i= m> ae AL bind) = aren —oO | ssciguteal primeter =p brad nH —@ Q= acfEt for te Bischerge Te be monimum, ‘prstould be minimum s Qws dom co O4O - omnel ami when €=60 omd bed, ebobe sa1200) substituting for & hom @® A000 an = 7 bam ao UHH > ~ a en volun % siete Sloop Wwe con Qetaglim the relation bio ‘band 4 eg" @ ve ca oleberneint, be sal staited 20 Praro -follers- ube aed a apigate snap qtr section om) =F = lord) __ bred pry LC gt Ms But from <4 Ort | cog 2 beard 2LBrnad channel Y Be of Section UTrapeel otal.) g > Best Sit vloap for max. discharge-— = 60" pe And +24 nH for pte ve mini. Ae oo ode 2 aa” A, n+ air 0 ep am = DH wt. ih the sidks be at am tb voith the torn - tele Aral asphhet: pence a| Rabel) tecnica Teac Sete ae ws chowme| & terpezeidal Seett L, fo Eom aus gic. Heaps at Be rare i Bo depth q flow & bse, fi Levert cle. pebtod ir = £25 42 fara QF < : > find te bea xO > 4.078 Yeqlired #0 alischarae 36 m2 gee, take manu stoop Mate 5 22 inna mings tent: op. eae = O.sSe wr is bee bom ae fe : nee B= 36 W/cc0 cae Noe 6.028, 7 = 22s xbo % DuSSUX es = 1-469 ws a= d (bend) ous 4 tyapridel dawn dan a bebfon width % 85 Tes = ves [SHEL s)) sim the Abt 4 flow being 04S Af tr vide Aoapa My cia (oe Serena tnas eel cect Lt p000, oleferneine ee eae ee nee ee vole Getto fee EFC Gal776 m/s ve = 3h sam, Siw v Bk 8 beam , de ourm — side Fompe = tit m= e Lo tae + =, =1.025™% c= 60 YS oo pet mits 4 me oe ay w= dlbmd) Nt = pas ( ston) L 2 | ices 3X 0:028 | Pe b+ md ver sis mh i wen \s [2 aoe oA [ Ste] an) pe ae osvE = 4-2Tm 2-0-0068 poaroe oe Os ee ov We dee HST fee et nw tr jdol section S x oye c+ tngei se onl te a renee oU) at 4s? ih the bea Sloop 2 Nas Qa tere w)s pat 7 tt. Take © > 60- a tiv be tom asim, pruss , tas c=60 Ae = tant nee. Ac aclbrnd) 5 es = Leet) net = oes Q dae ema tetion a an Obemchanmel i & | with abetin wieltr 3, bs & trapartune” | YAComne| 4 trapereidal . hoboietisidbe a, _cle to 2 torrent af, Peat ae vei | 5H ed ec nas ee ee es ces, ng find the divenarge | Ut bed the channel t dat at a ach. Ueseo db Ae Mischarge % the channel bo 6.96 cumae, dee wormal depth 4 flow and the mean velority 7 Poo iy pepth 4 flow bis Lam aml Ux bed fp, ap in the Channel, take mamirg's N>O0r oy os S085 mre 122M bb L tooo. : Q= 8.06 cumae- Sati Giver bo 36m side slepe 4.2. ar ee en a Soli 2, Dene ie SUES Given b=sm, sicle Hoap= bir - rn neo = 4a loeranta) d=? a = tem amd meow volacitg =? mete Albina) 2 dissed) e rl prea’ f2%1 P 27 fy ween pe vrdlm WF = 3broe = 3:96 Be me —— ger xox | 06009" te Qz 3-06 Cumace 0-803 ™ Sq pogre LL > Ss, ee we desea) OB A trapecidal channel { b Se erp seetion Has ang Sh phe rds Voap be L vertical a no the bebbm width md lipth. for the rixontal 4 ceo meamicol seetion Chovre whe gnome wesomte RMON Te, for Da choumel 4 etonomial setion, prond 2d (nH S band Ae b= (eir-4)4 : be o-4eed dante, 4 = A [ bra) 34 [owned +24) =5° A= 450m: be oud = oetrex 45° prw27m™: Ques A trapevoidel channel te Carry 1>5 0? fin 7) olerigne4 te dave the bevt section. find Oe bottom width awd AcpUe ik bed Yo pe to ta HL Hape ot Gyr anol E=bo? f ms 1200 Give, Qa i385 ruin = IEE. peasy, yidle Hoa = temas? ae mee bel 2 dir 2 pr2d = 2A be aie - 41 yarn bfezl04) 4 Qe acim be0-84 25 = 4-60 fm [Se) Sciewte this Blu Channel J bert Scetfon med a A= dlbrd)-60. f be TL lig lend) 60. Je TEajed Pes ——dloeetiod} tex ).ore4 vb) 298 = doped 2A) xGox o0r1hd C= edaetry.qead de 760x002 dq afte d= 0.832 pa oer le ol [brtd )x 60x Jin& gas = 4 Losede d) xbox o-o204r VF hs gas ~ paesdxd™ GOR 0.0204) 5) 22 = ts fox 0 02B4) RIB H Channel $ cixeulay seation:— > vonsicley a chawnel 4 cirertar seetion of Radia Rv ht the depth $ flow 4g water te 4. 5 det He woostur surface Sumtaiid an ange 26 with tle annis 9 Hla CLawnele > Area Y the waber section > Fr Are thea 4 sector - “saan (Ce) wee Re) 2b Kevin ex Rios oe aun outermine be = lp -Leinze) weighdee] pained [p= ore) tee Fading a atk we ¢ WMD [m= A. P sis pischarge & given by. [4 re Vat | a discharge % water at le pinerte om. dy “tha Suse to Laid 0 a tloab 4 jin soo, dind thn Yab 7 flow - tote &=60 qeorm- t= F L given iM = Lm = L000 mm “0 R= osm c=60 pre of hos (1 - vse) spe eb = £307! = 01927 Padlions wes A= Morgen) = onem” 4s (osst[o-907 - 1 vn Lan!) | 5 P= 0-927 wee A= ttm ie Qe Ref = onexte * (ona Qa ote my tee. Bz do) MP Jgecn ciraulay sectton 3 F Shane Tage onium Yee on sider wetter Flowing fn & chore % ae of Radius ame Laid at a Stahe't’. Wet 'P gp) najpenends Lhe wader sarface refer ye. LA de L oeapheirenddal Subtainsel by xB oct the ols Yowannel be ‘re yen y flow he ele- He Channel te lay section + sino) p= ae . velocity 7 Hoe = oF foxy fo be mavimeem A dual be meninnn “4 pede wae ao 40 P Spd = Ae Le pepo. ge ( +- L028) ~ Rr (e 54 wk 20) Eg acess) bg one) snip = 2 sre fine eS o=% 0. ns! oe pps 573d, B= 1eHS 2. depth for marimunmn velocity =a Y ies alice) = RfL-testoeae)) Am -verk = 08d chesney at tondition dor Matinum Ascharge. de nept Y flow YF marimume Diseravye [4 = 095 Df Bia y Chewned Dae f HE Specific: Enorgy? Head" Cattlenh Debt > The bpesibic emery Neaol at any 4 section qa canned in te sum 4 the capt 1 flow cual the Kinetic Read at that | pection. Uy 'eh b the dpth 9 flow. ama ‘yb the velocity, | ad q section, Pm Tha specitic emery tuad LE) io given Joc tha cae | HAY edly ceiforn Fin, He aepth 7 flow the Aame at abl Sections aud the velocity te Bu ome oct all gections. Hence Us vpeciiic emer yp head vill be Ha some at all sections det un wan convider a Heady , now -unitem (aed « fot the 'B be the svielth Y the channel Let Q be the vray vol 7 flare. ig aig the cisehange be oe ce a BL = conrtonse uy be tha Neatly voloci ty at ung seen) ee Ft At various sectio te low wih change with ee Seat Ss dhe Line HN Repreyencts ee vinetic encragp taal day fea he pods clopth Tend “Un velocity io “tomatantk |... = 2 teao] curv BCD at all sections. At amy section the sheeltic enrcngp teas ib obtains) by comdbinivy, de horirental ereinatis % tha di agyamy on & MN~ = ts os i ia oe 4 Ue) Study soho epee emeryp hind cunt Be Bep, we find: 2 ay u(§) Se (i) De Ypeeibic emery? dread tivt becom Lamer owe ® 2 “Lumen a he oth bats Orne ‘resets Q. min: e= av Sf fest cee “4 Ui) For further ener 40 olepth, ae spesitic mevep tao i a ae a ere energy bead to increas) spin de covcesboncling pe ees aaa sta vpesbie everney tied i atau is Cater — tmibical olept for cack valuc 4 Abe vpeeitic nergy ool theiy ave “bod posdbl chips olepths J flow. tonvoler the condition toreespond to tle Line GHI. gy 2 Calbed| she static ene Had. p hed. she speeibic Cnevay head dor Uo tenditin @ equal dt. Ese tee & gcd, EL > Te aud €, btu Kinetic emer 0g, put the oeprh ¢ Howe may be either Git 0YGT. > De haps popth =>, x dum thins lee critical obepbh DC» toteide Aba btpt GT = Oy. ngratrr Hum the civitical aeptle woten the Adept he & grater thew Ue cotical olepth y Abs flow o Called Hreandng flow or framqil flow. Folin tthe epithe fiers © tun Uris Mee ee op dae Specibic emeresy ‘head Ve platiee| for a affine the flow i called ehattivg Flas el fuautity 4 flow for verous " leet ie pol tn, Depth fla bs eysal te the critical olopth, pe low 6 cated the ciel critical flow, Ge velotitg at citital flow b calle cnvical velocity, (4 apt): Day Une & ett lity Merougte fle orig | dat, Phe ental corvespondig to & given pate 790 with the ranls — determine or follows. bt y= wie alirclong per unit eojaltle qe dh 9 flaws ae be e= att agd Eto be winiminn ae _ , O65 de op to SEDs ae But we a fg nti oloptl. Again fo from tle Neove peat? vg)? = 3d? wage. a entical lepth- Wie ib oe by Du catical ope owe! hy Ve he the entical verocity VR Ne de = BE ¢. we Puce thet Emi, = det Ve + Emin = de de = ade, ee dex & Emin Also eomerbonclings to entical flows er =1 = Ly froude:'s Number ot emtical {Low Ve Ge —_. poner, FOr enitical flow the Proucle's Numbers ey Wot mnanimume Discharge at a sont Ue taser Bet clischange = bl eG = ba 12g LEA) a= eplek a) or Mma Led%d3) Houle le marimune 5 2B) & - dy [EA #)-0 rer tH red -3o'=0 Bet Basdr ge ao ion ane ea sear ein ta re eee tt tha oateal dagelas thy He a eee ee en specibic Menge clicharge tondition, fre broude's A hactonqular channel 4 rm wicle 8 clischarge hou wotiv. jy tu Speeitic nergp head i 225m, find De pombe lepth | flow. gol's- Given Discharge permeter width # = Q. b = > 4 B01 4 UMMC A py, ad = yeva a4 “ Yo St: qd Specibic Meryp Head LE) = 4 Ss 2227 _ Jé 222357 = at a5 5 794? =) 2x9.81 tb ~ 279 Bld’x a2 oo q= 0.73™ oY 2-057 w Q water Hous ot Are vol 4 16 M/s bo a channel ,lom retde ot o velocity F REMI] s , Calotate oa Vpeei tic emevap head ind alyo Hu evitical depth, CH ACL Velocit and the mimmuem Veluwe Speeibic emeryp hea Corcerponcting to Td dischay, in the channel. e 21.18302™.- de = 0-639 ™ Ve = 2+503™/s tmin = 069580 m,

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