MODUL E-5 LRt

Conpiaa thot flecw

whih thedemt of the tflui do not yemain
Costert duiia flow. Thie meanS thatthe deaty
Chmge fhom porf to pomf m compstsibe Tc
Cocompl:- o of qce thmoveh oihee no3394
* Floco of gasSA machin sUh
compsestoe
* projectle 4 ainpken Flyrm t hieh
alfitude wrth ieh veloci t .
The chenge ry enaty of a tud s a ccoinp
-mied by the ehorngA npAene
t
henre the theumonam'e bahoTH fempoe
of fud oil
hove to be taen mto ocort

Eqaaffion of Stote Fuaten of tte av

the orfiship befaeen the presne , fempeotue
4Specific volme ot a g .
For a pretfect g9s ewafien of stefe
P RT

Speeiht o|me Nolhe pes mass

T- Abolute femeyafe =213+fk

whenthe coponen4 compS8|nst a

perfecf

~ght by the to OA ohie h

 contonf T=cnt.
Tothemal pioçe <8,
*:
hdiabght proce: Ps- consot, these e
Heot lot.

Velocity of somd or pveese

The dtnbmçe i s o l , li'aut g98 wta
miffed fom One porif to otte.The veoy wi
which htubonce tamtfes p r t uPe
the dstonce befeem the oleaule of the me
The detemçe ymthe molecule e eofed otth
the denaty whch imtendend uporthe prAML
K ose of fuid. Hence the dect of ttbone
Jepene upothe choge of petune 4dnety of fud
EocpyeSjn foY nocHy ofS oumde e ina fu
The detubonce cieafee.the py esMe ave
Kma fhui. The pesin we trayel estth aVeloctt t
h o) l divetins.
The i s e shoas he odel tot nt-dimen

long pipe of mfom mot-Sectial area, fffed th

pston, Le-t the prpe w lled th a competble
fhuid, hich e ot ef mfiolgThe pigton
The atunbonce vs rthe nm of prhe cae,
eOhich tHoe rn the ftuid oth a
Nocit sf soun
Lef A- cAO&E~ Setieal nea t the pipe

p- pse'othe Phtd pipe before

the moemet ofthe peton.
 3
Dy.LRT

S* perty of furd before the monemt

of the paton.
{= ASo)l imtenal of fime corth cohih peton

tyavelled mthe fud

Dstenee travelled bythe Pwt Htme e
Vlocrty of pstan Xdf = V f
pyatence tovelled bythe pene aJave ñ tne t

CxJf

K=VJ

The vahve of c' e mmee compãeto iv hen

CxdE aoill be moe than Vxf
Fo time ittenal 'de the pesse ae has
tovell e tonce L 4 ton maed'c.Try rin the
lent fthe tube eauck fo CL-), heflud ill be
Compe ed. Due to comprtsed of the furd, heere
-AdUm 4 Jensity of the fluid oill ehonge.
Lef Ptpa peENe atter
comprotier
NOw ma f he fuid fo a
lengthbefese
eXVolme of fuipto length
exAxLa
No wmase of the fuid tey conidin fo the
 4

Buf. V eymall comporre to c

Nef fce the fid

onthe fuid = Rofe of honge
momentm/MEA pu econ

JpxA= Total Mosv)

Ame

mutiplyi

The abeve cawatin

we whehi h e Sauor oofayeeoaty t md
Fheafo ot
h o e of Prsne tohe chng st deniy of fuid.
 DLRT

’elocty of somd mter o 3llk moul

Tmcvease peSSe Jp
-
matt of the fuit est
NOw cwe know
Hence PxUolhme=c t o f

RX19 = tontof

Diffeyemiathg the abave caro

S ubsttufe

, -J

we how The weloaty o Som)

The above eaNafiemgie

the velocty et Sound waye m, tosms k a8.

ylocity ot Som feY Tstheral pioet
The Tsothamal psos gem by the
e aurton P

PSsnjof
pffe enofe the
aboueecwaticm
 -Pe-l +Jpeo

P
P_=
RT p

Vs
c=RT
veloety of somd fer adabahie oce0
Ahabatic þrocaS Jiven bythe eaafien
P =conetont = Pe=c
Dfferneafe theab ecafi

Duede by g-k

Plc

Pk

RTK

C kRT
t NO NoA
adiabahe.
meniond,it ateUmedfo be
 pLT 1

ch Nummbe Maoh n b hae beem

Jetie the s auore yoot
the t t h e a t o of the Iresa
foce to the elathe force.
Mach Nmbe: M mee ra force
E l t ' e ferce

M:

mUmig
M= loat of Auid 4body

Nelocty ot SOUnd

fr the compeible FlutHow, Machmmbey

t'mpoifonton-nsial fenm. onthe
basa t the Moch be, the loos Je'ne e
|. Sub Sonic Aow A Row ie sad fo be sub-soni

(i'.e M<l) cohich meos the elout of Aow

2. Somje fou; Aflow e said to be Sonie fay

ifthe ochbey M ewal to1.Thye me
that decty oF flow eaualfo veloc1y of Sound

3. up4 -Sic oc- A Flow Satd fo besupey.

Somie f e , if the Mach mumbey MiA Nater thon
2. Tha mers thaf velocrtyf flow s glter tharn
Nlocit of Somd cooe. (Vz)
 Sooni -Nelocity
Frit the smic for the felleusg
fiuids (
(1) morcy hong a bulle mau

Jonic velot

k 2643700 Nem

2648100X of
|3.6X\O00

C l395.Se

\cvd cohere psiNe 4 {empAtne

R= 21 3/g]e, < l +

C=K RT
C2 3401 mml&

- calo lofe the Moch Nynbe at a pof najctpope

coha ar femprne
aiy s 20C.Take ik=l4 4 R=28Uak
f= 20c
T 213420=293 lc
 LRT9

V= uO0X|00 -3As
| . 4 x 28¬ K293, 366

30S .SS o.29

343.1|

Mo89

fyr t nhaghf of 1s lcn,ahen

Am aeroplne y
femmporatve IA -So»c. the Specd of theplore c e
the
stmmg ka:4 R=2315/telc
-APmch fo M:2.0.
frid tthe speed of the pone.

M.

C kRT

tbme
proaghion f PçeAe aaye
comeeçi ble Fuid
istwbmce is Pouced ma
awhenever the
Purd,. he dutbermce iA prepogaf
compterble
eeiom aith avecaty t saumd Cie euolt
mall
mate of popagafim off the digtwbone
c). The
nbey. Lef comiJey
Jepemx upon the mMoh
ama)l poectieaumg trom left
fo ihf m
staiehf Imeana Rtatiennamy fuid. Dye Da to
movemnt othe pauecthle, t bonee w)
 Ths dyt bance cwill
be aeafed m the Fluid.
all hyecticn wth ayelociy c
bcmvi
Hunce v- velocty of projectie

when MKI, Me
Lef

Lef the proJetile m e f o m |eff to iehf.

The pO)ectile at A moe da toead B m 4secem.

ABs 4X=AmfThe t n c e cAeafed re

etonce = 4c = 4X222mt

6t
4nit

=4mif

9
Af poitf|1X2

cate,- cohe M , CEV

Let p oi ethle mGye AfoB m ASecon

the datbomce eafed rff A 4XC
=4umf
Af3 =3XC=3m
 |4

CoRe M>, Lef 9=1mf

M2.0

The dtomce troveled by the projetile m4

4XC =2 f
Af pomf 4)

2ore
of silmce
Machcome
4

Zone ofacton

* Moch Agle'- This vs defin the halfangle

sfthe Mechme. pHA al& defn t the ho
of

wueaty of prosect le
M
 2

’2one of octiam. ohen M , the effect of dt

~bome ye fef onlh mthe egn maide the Moch
cOme. Thx neaion called the 2one sf ation.

>2one t silemce: ohen m>,thee is mo effect

of tbonce the eyjnS torde he mch
The negien ohih ufaide the mach one
j cal led 2 n e of Silcmce.

-ongk t 4o: Pnd the loct otthe pajecti le.

Take : k=\:4 R= 237, cgk

T 13-2 = 21|k

V-ndoty of pyo ectile

I-427X271
cG330
360

Y 330

cf|o'c at Spee|So0 lem/. Fm the

munbe ach
Machgle.tace kal4,4 R= 2373/sek

= 4\6.
 DrI3

= 33. 20 nle
Me 9:1.23r
-o.97

sm'(o.09)
= S4. o6

> Fmd the velot of bylef fid ñ t r d n t

he Mach aale so 30.. alce R= 287lkak 4kat
for an. Aeeme fempratune o \s°c.
eniven
R=81.14e97egk

T:292k

VkRt

Simd :

S3o

stagnotion repyfs:
-Rd boy. md t poit nthe b y Ehe veu
- t n t veoeity b comt 3eo, the Naluz f pe
fempeafe atthaft pomf
called fogarfiom popetr. The porif ik
colkd&ta ra tin pont The valu ot pUn
Jmit 4fenperate oye called staghen
 14

2stogratn
eete preSue. togahan donity
4Te napeetiu.
Exe preiem for stagnatian prge
Conideta compieaible Aurd flecamp p t m m
immct&-) bo Umdoy fietolegs adaibaf cone
consider tuo pom) a 2 nathemlme
shouwn m hee.

ppIyng the Bennoullýs euatien for adialai

P
P tut +3

Pi

fo adabat'e

P[

Sybttue alue n
 P -

fr ahobrfit prorete c= RT
C=

P cte k P

P
k-1
PL 2

\PI

Fom (3)
 Now

-3E e a o m etgnahen Tempyatye (T

Euator ot tfe

pormf
Te =
=
k

R+t ( 2
R

Pi

T& =

(a)
Bosic eaotim of comsible flow
* cortinty eawafia
 geAnulli euation, foy Ahiabatic
mocs
Benoulla eautie fr compett|be
ahabaht proc fo the tuso pomf +pomt 2
P
+

eayeocityotio eafienhip for compi

-ble fow:
The eq. vlot yafo ginnby ßKOmmpre
~Reb|e f u ) comtim4eaurtim
Axy conetonf.

for the case of compretsibk fluid the Corti

L8*nsto)

Dfen muafmg he sbove e a u a h n

JCSr=conatnt

c euathi m fo COm tblefioew

The EulegA

dPvdvro.

Js
 |8

* fo ME, +he oa is
-mo de of the
sb-soe, he ighfa
arfhniRi megtve toKI
Hence ayo, Juo,
0, Ths mens thet wth
the mnate of onea,te woay ecyeeteC 2Ve

foH MI, the fow a Sjesanic,

thebt
hon Aite of the cauftn a penthe,
fe
n , Hene 70,hi nen
thot tthe mceOAe t oY eo,
1ce U e a

for n=l, t e P called sonC oc. The lalve

4 ( t n e20. 4ence ref hond-tile sf h
tshon wrll be 3e40, ence =o.Thy mn

cornpIAable Purd filed ma

onpaibh fhid, floorng thc h th mok

if prese

to be adiobatic.
coaf o t h e
conside point I 40,4 mside

the e octy p eeAe,den

-sty fempeiatue at porf I:
Pe, 4 T a ethe wloe prye
Smrlonly
-&ANe,dmity fempore of pof=.
cmseyg the POcess to be adiabafic:
ewatin for atabah
Then fom Benoulli
P+ t 2 2g

Sk

Lef
PL
 (Motowate ot compible fui

me A

k
Thema

Aocs ote of Aow Jpem n the walve ot nfoth

HINen Naluy of f , f1.
>Nlue ot n Po fo moNnm alue of r
nate ef Aoc:
hoe Om=o
 3

).

kH
2.

ktH

for cdhbaie
k=l4

=o.528

NoHmA nd obliawe khole wanweg

A&hock cave or thecls, ie a type of dg
- pro pogafnig hetrbonce, cwhe wave
oveA fatee tho locat speed o Sosd nna
flu, t ie alled a shocle cave er shock, Lilse n
f ehactiad by abupf chonge nm p . T .
buf >NOmah &hock cwave Naimah shoclc
cue i2a tpe of shock ave, » tt hch tthe
ave ppendoly to flous drmehie.
M>I
L Nemak <hk c
 ob lraue shock waNe wwovej

of hocíc cave, t h e
mclmad mthe diyeion of taew.
7 M<I
M>I

obllaue floe

Tntotuctin to cFD
CFDCComputtienal Fuid dynamiç)
cFD i& deined the bonch of fiurd me
-ehemi thof A menia anatyss, md driet
mch to mohyse a sae the problene that mvo
- lve fluid Flow.
’ Nececerty of CFD
e Fo ayu have ayeat potentiah to save i
-ne m the detign pyoc 2 coethee fore ha
-ped fastey cdmpored to cnventional teatng fo
dat acaursifan

* m c f p a l y s E all dGsned untti on be

mheasWe atoce
space 4 tne.
choper ,fast safo but not
alway yligble.
has abilit to stdy ayttemmde whe
eonto)led cocpenimenti ne elt of, mpossibk
to perfotm
* Abiit to study <yte de hadoy
conhfon at m beyond the'y momol perfoy
-nomce limite.
* CFP j tlocy becemig pat pocel of con
- putor aided engimees'ng.
 13

Limitotion ot cFD
cFD Soufiene
con oCate e the
my be
phico medel
n awhich they e ho)
Solwig euathon ona comte invarably
ihoucey mUmercak

* A wth hyicol mode the accMag ot the

cFD Solution i nhy a god as the inha/
bomtoy conion pur tothe mmical
model.
7CFD S n t'an ye auie a
lof of <omp°tato
sove. T y
~nal poy 4 time to eally goo
ndneed
itguCs
meeh.
Reaun <le') mon pO
hould be given to thety
cffertn
* Sp Cik oblem.
mode wedfo Solue a
-bul cmce hee
Applicorho of CPD
eteah
to wrde mge of
cFD s a p ' d f atudy
oblers m ony Felte
ngmeormg
rodatree

7 Tbo machimey: Tbm prpe Co

Memufacti fecto: cathig simulafan

4 miecton mouldi.
* MOme Fginecmg: Lod on ofshote st
-UctNe
7 Hyyamics ofshe, ubmome efc
cfeyie, bloo
Bimehcak EngimceAnia: low ot
Coveei

* yeomedical Ereineenimg'? nfmospheie c Crt

Hyoel1 oceongraphyi ,oceo3.

metholagy: weathe titon.