_—_—_ es Sea CHAPTER -10 | Se mecHRN ICAL PROPERTIES OF FLU Ips )Statte Fluids: 2d usd Aepranrtes 3) sutfac, Tension . salts fluids. Fluids + DBoth gases and Lyutds ave fluids DAny Balhg than can flao D> No defined Shape of i mon. D> Howe, we trnuntrale only om gu 7 > Ta tompress ble > Volume constant \ > Toproteck onal aa > nen -Visuus <> Dansity of Flucds » . ee Pom mass of flurd at YS Volume sf Aad. feud . Gase ~ Tp hoo fluke of didferent densitiss 9, 9 P, Bre mikad tyapral volume ot density of mixhre igs > ais ye Pa Cases) 2 TH doo fusde of Different dansitirs €,4e, are mixed tn qual mass oF density, f mixture Me Rovix = CMe) /Z v0,Prassuy 2 slat. ES Vv v Chong 2. fh) monasrhum (haan) (x8, Nalocity v Moleule apply fore ( ade i c dt Fadp ido v Prassuve = ore: Area . Units of Pressure :- > Tr st unit N]m™ (x) Pascal Cpa.) > Pressuse onerted ot corlevel ts atm akin > Atmosphome mase Unik Lakme = 1. OS xe Pa >Bar =lear . to Pa, aeeaeFoscals baw ie, ‘ qhe pressure afluid at veck ‘ig Ha same at all poinds if they ore at the Same hata kt Accordug Is pascal's hin = Dheatver on extemal tate presuye applied on any pax t of a tlurd tonteunsd Pea Nessa, iE Ss Transmitted evenly througout Ke liquid tA all déveckon Wei psF Top FEB)Drshvalignef pascal's bas’ tn puhuplh this 7 : ga glemsat Whick TS fromers ed ch Suid Js Veryemall go all pasts ave at Same depth , Vi ya also same ca all Pouk Fow chavihy We ‘just sabarged that alomsate Forus axe ably hlowmal b the surfaces of the aliment - en oN, | Fos Soa | a Fe ~~ one Kos FE. ose ones 2A a * ecg SG Feed De he, Shu the gsm ie Gh Uli brag : aie rad tor on te prim will be “Zarg0 + The Fond Fi she ave equal G rragritr de and opposite us Rivech'n. Fo -Foshe —(G) pa a = Fl wse —~ cat)iF. oe sur 8 = OPP = AByt o Ac Pe hye Acxk AL UJ ; - ne Sees) aa Tt wse = Bo = ad Be xia Ane Ae WP Acxt ~ Ab) Ree = AeCos © — ¢s) (2) 5 FT Bere (9) Aa Dwr Oo > Fe _ Resse - ewe @) Ac Then 5 ee he fo = Te 2 Py = =P Aw Pio Ac ? i ae “Thence 1 pressuye areas, TE came th all Aiserk ons tn a tluid ak yes bene wo the absence ofr flee Fhe poescure Ht. Hurd must be came evempohere Kh howzenta | plane : .i») ee a-ftutd at wack aconlaraie, iv) tonsicles oo Urdwiel gloment sh Hud hover ave of base A if) ree Rea te sk raat the veoulhs howzonbol ores should be AL2O - Tv) The vocublant Vevbeel torts chould balance othe wWaaht § thy clmork_- “Thaw. F=PA aan P= PBA AY Po = Ps Re AK Riz mg =O. eee rea (P,P) nem The Fesul mene I> ©. RHOF WR balance Hae He ath eam vv songexrlai] yee & Voc h sf cylinder ten VERE® then (op becomes “v m-eAh >®- suo ® WO- : (r-Pr) Ws OAKG Pr- Py = Chg 3® Then the differance Ur pressure rows Py b Py is de pends en ‘el and height of the Fluid avd q° | When the Top 3s Open ts the Ptmosphere Then PoTatm= hey - a atm he g ~(3) . hence TBS pati | The exes oL pressure: ab depth & ) sg 2 (att bho called a qauge presse oe biecbnSa bydostati? paredeX itp column; < of ° 1 The ma yous ~ sedional ov 8 Tmportant and no ‘ctmted, base AeA O% ths shape of A. ~, the Mautd press“r* \s Son, at all powats at Hesame San ts @ a Level. The vesutk e fectaht nyo he the axample of hudvo ~ tates skabc— vest Paxader r task lommon soanse, buf soo SHU be tue.aro outer = ap scientific Trstrrment Hak res abmosphen © PrEssure ond is usally employed for dprecatting Weather is called a bane malar - pie “G probing prmupl, sf bawomsles , An Crverhed| lass bee is plated oa Co touiel of Maruny. The atm prassume pushes don the bbich causes % vise Us the marry Level a tube wqhis se ty the Maury lavel tr the tube TS aquvalent to ie nneint st dAtmosp Weve pressu Te We P= Pata + hEG . h=Tbomeg or P= hg: . = Ol x13 600X%9-S ae . oe fe ichooN wo, pee cmul ate [P= ORF} The pressure equivalent of Imm is Called +0¥¥ i ltovy = 13370 . The wom of Hy and tory ave useal oy Median and Phystolog rae Te welelog, {Ibar = 1° Pa),=> Monomilt® Ysa dain which Measrses (et | AL prassune hi ffeven™ r (ow The Guys presses “| > Tt consist & two iets Done port is hte ore” Lontuck with the atmo > onotter post 2. connelt Pressuve © ye observe” Svs davies ads oS * mt | cases | ~ PSSu 2 Bydraulte Machsr$s - (ies) | Sagrom oS (es) A, ZA, b&w Aa 7 Poh Porp —O) FrePAy P = Fay — 0) Fa > PA >@® Te Ase er Then Fa? Fi gyoshwte © & ® Thr p> Bn oOSS mA ge Wess than Fe yet F, in o rdur b (EE te Mactinn’d i hslpaak that ts fa. Addition 4o.cte ot | whure Fy i fa hance Av ¢ fe te basen as Maan Al Ddvontages of the devite’ strsamlihe Ae ce equine ho othe Stud ot mastion of Alac cde fs Glled Flid dagrarncés - bo ctoady ov turd lw my at LE VI Ne OE ’ styoann Low Flew ° aN two echream LAL Crtwsect xe it Catorset coe the Nie hot be steady . Howe The path falten by & a tlutd particle. uncer a cteady Atow 1% eo aw shear Line - TurbulentPm Equatecn of eos P pS be Amp Sausage rosscty uaith Haw At - Han We Enow ; oe —— browvelled Bru taken « Axp ea x bar baleen, Axp = Vp dt —0) Volume sf aAlurd ehh Pavel Vo =Ap dxp’ Vs Ap VpAt —G@) Aistavelld — L | yee Ma eXxXV Chere ms Amp: Amp = PX ApVp At —@6) Sion larly amass of the fluids cross RAG Ame = Py Apa AE ——) Ame - PyxhaVa mets)Hen Amp =Amp = Ame, PoApV pat = Pe AgVpDE = RORVRAE = Py Aaa At- for Dyn womprassi ble Mouids dansily Ts Same + pants Pp = Pp =g . thon a App = Ar Va > AaVa, —(6), This aa(©) ts called oqualten of ton tine hy oa qeneal [Ra weonslonk] where is Ha aren of the dross -Seehon Poe Urquid lao dad o is the vieloai hy” at the po ab - then AV Gives Us: Vo lume Aux oe fino vote Paes aQ____D Then \ co Vo =AXL: “NM SAX Ax \folume NW. AX Hur? A Se a ey Noo get . Pe RHE pats eg, gives that, through tHe Siro Aw fs tonstankcemsider a pi \ Fieve gaat a Ap Re Ag hore Ag >rAa- Auorduig ts oguaticn of conbausily Awe = Agvep. TS Ag >As ten Ve > Ve. het fs when Area is htgh cehcunn Li f-lsw Velouity is joss. ear v4 ross Sechon| AY vt nes Ase closely arranged At & the streaml? ik hGher thon that and Thus the Melod hy of port me. hence. the fluids Ts Auulrated WA Fravelly tm pws. cngtles * Joo steady flare - Gs) vy embul spaod . vv Tos bulat flow : Trabuleat> Fluid is flowing Aon O b®. > Aveo sf Cross section differs from pont te Port, As The pipe's shape as ndt equal > Tt We umsider Troompressible hguide it will have oqual densi hy throughent tHe flaws . D from oquation of tonbauily Axea sf Ay = t(onstant.: eee Valouihy } D> LH Avea of Cross Sechon fs changery ten din sus by tun , Velo’ ty changes . > TH Velou hy changes , Acceleration produces. &Ve , P. x _ ons Ao wre Ate Ys b Tr the same time Dntiwal sflutel Usws fom Bbc and pom D te E ee aled dis. travel™ dis.tvave = Speed y tne taken Bc = Vix ee De = V2X At: Dy. and Az art the aren vf Cress cochion, Rand Pr cya The PEOSSUME1 Then Workdone at Be by the Alacd Bl wWe=F-ds —3C) i Wok E Par ythen FePA 3G) Sb o® . Wo= BA,V Ob [Axw = Vat W,= P) AV —@®-: Work dene bythe fluid af DE Wa = PAs Ve AF Was PaAV Ct) Work don, on thi tld . ge a eee ee ee Wy + Gwe) = Wy Wo W,-W25 RABVO- PAN | Wyo Wo 2(Pi-P) Av Cs) | Mien over Tet We ae changing on Velo uth | then chanye & ke takes place & part | fhe Huids and changeth PE | | | tales place & andthss past oF He fluids,=Mm _ V m = Oxv Am = PxAv ~® Am = PAY. (oy tonsidants Theompre ssi bu 4luil) he Uedeght Uy =eavghi Uy ~Amgha Us = @Bvghe . ° Us- Uy = Cavgh 2- CAV ghy te! AL = 9 av J has hi] —(0 potacsal mde lout by ye Jn iy wN ky = he BMV: -Leayy = Vp Bra Volume =Vo eaNys, ka - Kk, = 4k. / . Se CAVE - Ya Savi eile AK = Ya eav[vi-vi] —G) foneg, C5) by osny \Work onengy thedrec id W,)- We - Aw - Aw = Ak +4U —(s) (P\- P2 YAY = v, eav[Ve-w + eg Av Cheb)Ovid by by 7 J Ns Cr Po) 24-4 Lot Sy evr lt Pga0 Ph. po oH Sel) (Pi-P2') = 72 & [i-wil+eg Dhak) = weve - evr eghy- Ph, Pakevereghi = Py + Ove +e gh, , >@ This is Bernoulli's aq uation ne genet A pareve eqh = acenstant oe ay Oe pe Assume thiix Pg no loss ‘8 AALNG because of 4vetibn Bernoulli! s aquation Ps purely stor non-Viseow Ptuids quads shoul bo Prcempressi e sh flu de at vesh Vio a a) hen pp pegh, = & +egha- (Pi -P2) = eg Cha hi) ble fluids « eee