ELECTRIC FIELD.
. PAPER-C
ELECTRIC CHARGE:
Whan ong
substance rub to ancther suitable
substance. an agent enters bo a
Substance thak attracts Light objects
(fist &), This agent pe called electric
charge. .
ELECTRIC FIELD,
The space or aagion
areund the char
with in which other
_ charges. are in lueneed’ XY
by tt called electric —
field wt is denoted by E.
Source CHARGE.) s—
The char 2g’ which produces electric
field. is called Source charge . In this
case, 1Y’ we the source charge.
Test Cuarge (Yo) .—
The charge 'q,° “which is used to test
the electric Picld is called test charge.
In this case, Vo is the test charge.
Ecectric INTENSITY .—
The orce experienced by a unit
positive test charge with in the electric ; 4.
fiele ip called electric intengity ;
Evectric FrELO DUE TO A Point
Consider a source charge Y is
laced ab point ‘o' produces an electric
jeld around iE. When :
a test charge” %"
brought at point pi with
in the electric field
charge “Q)? ak
distance ap shown
in the Figure. Vo: will
experiance a
ver 3
duc. to the fie of Y and is given by
F=Y%E
The electric field ak point P is gen
b = &,,'
v2 E= “y —*®
According te coulomb’s. Law, the force
experienced by Y% duetoV is given
by, V Ve
; Fak
Putting «qu. @® in oy. @.
=>Es %, —_ KVES _ k +
fo
—_>+ ®
b= kC%) L- ®
atien @ gives 4th tude of clectric
Be. ee 2 magnitu o ae 5
VECTOR Form, UR © is a oni
vector directed gre
% te best charge”, Thon
ER anc %)e
fa fee ke
Era BF] —e,
pure =F
ELECTRIC FIELD DUE to SEVERAL
Pont CHARGES,_
Consider everal
seuree point, char:
94> Mas eyo
seg: ore
distributed over
a Aegion. hen a
teat dharge 9," is
brought at” point &
at distances 4% OY, ,--2-
from peurce charges ea
Bespectivaly inthe field of ere
charges. Then 6
ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO ANEAR
CHARGE DISTRIBUTION, a
Tf positive source charge
in Tfoteated vurigormby
along + Line , Then
av as
Sf =) = Linear charge fy
as density
ay = das t
=> v= J nas
°
241° ye
Then Each
Fat ct asse
E> one, S Fete ®
ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO SURFACE
CHARGE DISTRIBUTION.
positive souree
charge is. distributed
uniformly over a. C4
surface , Then A u
3¥
PV & = surface
aA Shee sent
ava SAA =p yal dA
Then, = ae 4
=e et
a+, ( SAAG ——
E=ie, j S38 @
5
the
et
a ‘ 7
ELECTRIC FIELD DUE To VOLUME
CHARGE DISTRIBUTION.
ogitive char
ant Btteeasae a
uniformly ino of
SU en Fe
oe
wes ‘eae che
dy = fav ,
=> 7 =§ sav v
ely ye .
hen Ba ae tah
Sav &
r
= ®
ELectru OD DUE To ELECTRIC
DIPOLE.
G,. Dafine alectric dipele and electric
dipeld moment. Derive expression
r alactric field duc to dipole.
Aus, ELECTRIC DIPOLE.
Two cqualand gg
opposite’charges Yd 8g
Y and -Y separated
bya small. distance d form an
‘electric di-pale. 8
Evectric Di. Pole Momen”
The product of the aither of the charge
magnitude’ Y' and the dig ea ral
the charges js called electric di-pole
moment TE js dencted by pK ip a
vector quantity directed from ~ve
bo +Ve charge.
Consider an electric dipole consists
foe charger “Vand =) having same aa
ritude and opposite signs ond are
Baparatad at distanced’ from each
cher. Lat’ P' is the point where electric
field ig to be determined at distance
"2° fvom the mid point of the dipcle on
its central axis which is called the dipale
Yeqy™ Distance of point P” 4rom charge *¥
eay= Digtance apa “pe tn chant -¥
Ecnm Electric field at point'P’ due to+¥
Ey y=Electric field at Cn ‘p! duc to-Y
1
Eo8 Tne (eed
E=E, +E fic Min (pike he cree.
ane leat” Fray
eE-+_., leet iy oa
anak (Hx) (A |
bed pat eae
wipe (CA —C7ay
Appt , Binomial theorem, and neglet
Wofel power terms Pig a Zora
sealuteeotes +]
en agee [+x 7%]
be er)
Ea x Yd
Ea
ZK eoz 4 P
Begex a
ae 9a
ZaY toto
zaYland =p dz = ysetode
When,
Z=0, tan@=0 +9 =0
Beco, band =o =,
Pattin these, values i in ou. @
Yseteae
jen ghe (cso x Yetoae
tah {ests Ye tat
ee Zedo
En ane, \: oO See bat 8)
S32 30
+r tebate = sete 13
Bie hey Se cose de =
Es a seg (Sie Bsn = aat-9
2K
sector form, EY a» _Y
vein eG
Th a point © Lies on x-axis, then
ig hee
ii Dreax *
If @ point P Lies in xy plane, then
Ft Ket! A) ip
Where paJgey ond eof
Pip the unit vector inthe [Fe
diection of F.
ELECTRIC FIELD DUE To RING OF
CHARGE.
Qi Determine the electric Yield due
be ing of charge: 14 ESQ? dEsing
Ans ‘i
Consider & thin ring,
‘aadiys R with
Fem ave charge
ake d around its
ree era
mall clement of he
Fing of lenge ds" a
She zmall element
=p dy=Ads + @
This charge produces an dleckric field
GE ot & point P, which is at *
distance from the element ‘AS’
sda tox. dh —+® |
From the figure, a Bae
4 - a
ma* SG. —+®
Resolving dE in be its rect. Cor
Ee = cet tengo
{ = LE Cog o.(Parallel toring is)
Ey = LE Sin = ana anit
“he cab Lonponeat clage eae Sete
ring axis give
aagultont E the compatent Oboe
‘x's vanishes having equal magnitudes °
“des 15
and opposite. directions,
re ZR
2 ge Ye
=> re aw}
Como —Z
+
a Lady,
a Ry 9
From eqs. @ and ©,
1 dds z
FE Cone mare, Cet) ® Prey
=> Coste
AE Corom t- _zA as ©
are Page
ration gives the secultant &
sean ae som
ce eae
E 4 decee = Guay
so
dS a ZAR Circomference of the civele
z
~ canals 3["
ax (27R) —, ©
Fist meee :
En 202"R)
4h eee
ff AR% = YY,
— Ys AComR) 17
3 whieh of radios and of radial
width dt. Then .
area of the ring = (Cireumference){ width)
aa Lancair
chearge on the ¥ing a dy = GAA
q © a =&(2Rr)dr
Ifo" is the distance oink P Brom
the boundary of the “qh ea
dba sh
ARE, ot
= 1, S@nnar
ARE. a) 2 22
sdeZa?
Repolving AE into its rect. comps
dE Cost
fe
AE Sind
Considerin. opposite ends af the diameter
of the disk Then comenrnty oh clectric
field JESin® perpendicular tb Baan
or amis of the disk Cancel cach aie”
[thie the component AE Cos8 parallel
ke the exis of disk from beth endy ad up.
Then resultant eledrie fieta ctlong
Zante ip given by,
de, Sat coe
4 S@nrrjydr
Seam shes SGM Ex Cone
m the Ligure,
from he figure, z
Conon Z aE
Tae 18
Ten, a SKN, 2
Ban Te ae) Tea
a SE ‘ard
dba Ges * Ee
(eh, arae
4eo* Par
For the whole surface of the disk, +
Tene ee oa
®
(arr)
ez |r)
we
tert Core’ 2) -E.pea)
Snae- aa)
In vector fore,
| @
Yf point 'P Lies very close te the surface
fhe disk then Rage Then
laze le 19
ToR@UE DUE To ELECTRIC DipoLe,
t= Find out the Torque. acting ena
dipole in an olecbric teil
BNS:—" Consider tivo’ point ‘charex +9
end -¥ are placed in an closteic.
field at distance’d’ from each cher
Sed Line joining them >
& inclined ak of
angle! 6’ with €
how in the Figure.
The Perce on,
yy Ese A
ayn Fai yt ane’
Vet _.¢
The sum of orces ig zero bul torque
is aa at ta of torque ¥
The Fad she Compe aoe ay)
Tardches eS sine chal cine
T= Ved sing
T= PE sin diple. pa yd.
The direction of torque ig in the
page denoted by ® Recording te.
ELM rele dipole retakes clock wine, jhen
TaPesinged ooliPe Bee Pee 20
For clockwise rotation,
Wa-PEsin®
Potential ENERGY DUE TO DiPoLe.
Qn Determine the potential ener:
due to dipole Ane w
ANS; Potential energy depends upon
the orientation (position) of an clectric
dipole in an electric field. Tk hag its
Lowest °P-E in ie eqpilibrium orientation
PE tobe zero when >
the angle between zs
dipole Yond external
alactric: Yield.
ip 90. External
electric Yetd
aotates dipole
from ad te 6.
S=re
dsarde
dwa Feds = Frdé
U=-w Frta0
<
Te -PE sing, Celockwise)
U=-we-- J CPpEsineyde
90 241
Un + [PE sine = pe} cose
Ps ° as
Us ~PE|cone] = —PE (con 0~ casad)
fe
= -PE(Cos8-0)
= -PE cos
vector‘ form. [Us EO
Minimum P-E
When and E ere parallel, 6=¢
U=~PECopd = —pEU) = = PE —eci)
Electric dipele has Least P-E’.
MyM P-E ;_ When electric dipdle js
rotated through 186 becomes antiparallel,
Then, Us~ PE cost8d =—pPECt)=4pE
Etectric dipole has maximum P-E. >i)
ZERO P-Ey_ When clectric dipole is
rotated through 96. Ik becomes perpend-
jeular te E, © Then, U=-PpE cosad
Us-PEte) = © => uno edit
PLE. of an electric dipcle becomes Zero.
