Here's a brief **Geometry Reviewer** covering fundamental concepts:
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# **Geometry Reviewer**
## **1. Basic Terms and Definitions**
- **Point**: A location in space, represented by a dot. It has no dimension.
- **Line**: A straight path extending infinitely in both directions, containing infinite points.
- **Line Segment**: A part of a line that has two endpoints.
- **Ray**: A part of a line that starts at one point and extends infinitely in one direction.
- **Plane**: A flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions.
## **2. Types of Angles**
- **Acute Angle**: Measures less than 90°.
- **Right Angle**: Measures exactly 90°.
- **Obtuse Angle**: Measures more than 90° but less than 180°.
- **Straight Angle**: Measures exactly 180°.
## **3. Triangle Properties**
- **Sum of Interior Angles**: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always 180°.
- **Types of Triangles by Sides**:
- **Equilateral Triangle**: All sides are equal, and all angles are 60°.
- **Isosceles Triangle**: Two sides are equal, and the base angles are equal.
- **Scalene Triangle**: No sides are equal, and all angles are different.
- **Types of Triangles by Angles**:
- **Acute Triangle**: All angles are less than 90°.
- **Right Triangle**: Has one right angle (90°).
- **Obtuse Triangle**: Has one obtuse angle.
### **Pythagorean Theorem** (Right Triangles Only):
For any right triangle:
\[ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \]
Where \(a\) and \(b\) are the legs, and \(c\) is the hypotenuse.
## **4. Quadrilaterals**
- **Square**: All sides are equal, and all angles are 90°.
- **Rectangle**: Opposite sides are equal, and all angles are 90°.
- **Rhombus**: All sides are equal, but angles are not 90°.
- **Parallelogram**: Opposite sides are parallel, and opposite angles are equal.
- **Trapezoid**: Only one pair of sides is parallel.
## **5. Circle Terms**
- **Radius**: A segment from the center to any point on the circle.
- **Diameter**: A segment passing through the center that connects two points on the
circle. It is twice the radius.
- **Circumference**: The distance around the circle.
\[
C = 2 \pi r \quad \text{or} \quad C = \pi d
\]
- **Area**: The space inside the circle.
\[
A = \pi r^2
\]
- **Arc**: A part of the circumference of a circle.
- **Chord**: A line segment connecting two points on a circle.
- **Sector**: A region bounded by two radii and an arc.
## **6. Polygons**
- **Polygon**: A closed figure with three or more straight sides.
- **Regular Polygon**: A polygon where all sides and all angles are equal (e.g., equilateral
triangle, square).
- **Sum of Interior Angles**:
\[
\text{Sum} = (n - 2) \times 180^\circ
\]
Where \(n\) is the number of sides.
## **7. Coordinate Geometry**
- **Distance Formula**:
\[
d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}
\]
Calculates the distance between two points \((x_1, y_1)\) and \((x_2, y_2)\) on a plane.
- **Midpoint Formula**:
\[
M = \left( \frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2} \right)
\]
Finds the midpoint between two points.
- **Slope Formula**:
\[
m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}
\]
Determines the steepness of a line.
## **8. Transformations**
- **Translation**: Slides a shape from one place to another without rotating or flipping it.
- **Reflection**: Flips a shape over a line (mirror image).
- **Rotation**: Turns a shape around a fixed point.
- **Dilation**: Enlarges or reduces a shape by a scale factor, while keeping the proportions
the same.
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This reviewer covers basic concepts of geometry. It's a great foundation for more advanced
geometric studies.
