Topic 1

What types of schools are there in Great Britain and Ukraine? Which countries have
the best education system? Why are they considered good? Discuss with a partner.

Both Great Britain and Ukraine have different types of schools for their
education system. In Great Britain, there are primary and secondary schools,
which can be state-funded or private schools. There are also grammar schools
that require entrance exams for admission. In Ukraine, the education system
includes primary and secondary schools, specialized schools, and universities.
When it comes to which countries have the best education system, it's
subjective, and opinions vary. However, countries such as Finland, Japan, and
South Korea are often praised for their education systems. These countries are
considered good because they prioritize education and have strong support for
teachers and students. They also have established curriculums, high literacy
rates, and promote equality in academic opportunities.
Finland, for example, has a focus on equal education for all children, from
providing healthy meals to subsidizing transport to school. Japan and South
Korea have competitive education systems, where students work hard to
succeed. They also have innovative teaching methods and technology-infused
classrooms, which make learning engaging and effective.
In conclusion, different countries have varying types of schools, depending
on their education system. The excellence of a country's education system is
subjective and depends on several factors such as the support for teachers,
accessibility, curriculums, and student opportunities. A strong educational
system prioritizes the well-being and holistic development of students.
Topic 2
What is the purpose of education? Is education system fit for purpose in the
21st century? Why are schools failing students? How can the quality of education be
improved? Discuss with a partner.

Education serves the purpose of providing individuals with knowledge,

skills, and values needed to succeed in life. It helps prepare people for future
careers, but it also teaches them critical thinking, problem-solving, and social
skills necessary for personal growth.
However, the current education system may not be fit for purpose in the
21st century as it doesn't effectively prepare students for modern-day
challenges and jobs. The world is rapidly changing due to technological
advancements, globalization, and environmental crises, and education needs to
adapt to meet these changes.
Schools are failing students when they focus too much on standardized
testing rather than nurturing creativity and individuality. The current education
system may also fail students if it doesn't provide equal opportunities for all
pupils.
The quality of education can be improved by adopting innovative teaching
techniques, promoting digital literacy, and prioritizing others' values besides
academic performance. Encouraging critical thinking, team collaboration, and
problem-solving can also help students prepare for real-world situations.
In conclusion, education serves as an essential tool for personal and
professional growth. The education system needs reform to meet the demands
of the modern world. The quality of education can be improved by nurturing
students' creativity, using innovative teaching techniques, and promoting core
values besides academic performance. It's vital to provide equal opportunities to
students regardless of their background to prepare them for future challenges.
Topic 3 . Learning is a massive part of everyone’s life. But does everyone learn in the
same way? That doesn’t seem to be the case. There is a lot of evidence that there is no
one-size-fits-all learning approach. What are the widely recognised styles of learning?
How do you learn? Discuss with a partner.

Learning is an important part of our lives, but people do not learn in the
same way. Evidence suggests that there are various learning styles, and
individual preferences can affect the way we retain and process information.
The widely recognized styles of learning include visual, auditory, and
kinesthetic learning. Visual learners prefer seeing information in graphs,
diagrams, and videos. Auditory learners, on the other hand, prefer hearing
information and often benefit from lectures, discussions, or recordings.
Kinesthetic learners prefer learning through physical activities, such as
experiments, experiments, or hands-on projects.
I learn through a combination of visual and kinesthetic learning.
Whenever I am studying a new concept, I like to use colorful diagrams, mind
maps, and videos to aid my understanding. I also like to take notes and
participate in interactive projects to reinforce what I've learned.
It's crucial for educators to recognize and accommodate different learning
styles to ensure that all students can learn effectively. This can be done by
providing various teaching materials and methods that cater to different styles.
In conclusion, people have different learning styles that affect their ability
to learn and retain information. Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning are the
most widely recognized styles of learning. Understanding individual learning
preferences is essential for effective teaching and learning. By recognizing and
accommodating different learning styles, we can ensure that students receive a
quality education.
Topic 4. With so many options to pick from, how can young people choose a career
path that is right for their skills and interests? The task may seem insurmountable.
What things should young people consider when choosing a career? What were some
important factors in determining your choice of university? Discuss with a partner.

Choosing the right career path can be a daunting task for young people as
there are many options available. However, several factors can help them decide
on a career path that aligns with their skills and interests.
Young people should consider their strengths, interests, and life goals when
choosing a career. It's important to identify their passions and align them with
potential career options. They should also research the job market to determine
which fields are in demand, salary expectations, and career growth opportunities.
When choosing a university, some important factors to consider include the
quality of education, location, cost, and reputation. The quality of education refers
to the curriculum structure, resources, and teaching staff. Location is also vital
because it affects the overall university experience. Cost is also an important
consideration because it determines the financial commitment required.
Reputation is essential when it comes to job prospects and career potential.
When I was choosing a university, I considered several factors such as the
quality of education, location, and reputation. I chose a university in a location
that was affordable and fit my preferences. The quality of education and
reputation of the university were also factors that influenced my decision.
In conclusion, young people should consider their skills, interests, and life
goals when choosing a career path. They should research the job market and
explore available options. When selecting a university, it's essential to consider
factors such as quality of education, location, cost, and reputation. Making
informed decisions can help young people make the right career choices and
achieve their goals.
 Topic 5
What are the reasons and benefits of learning foreign languages? What are
the most difficult things about learning a foreign language? What are your
favoured methods of learning languages? What can you do to learn more
effectively? Discuss with a partner.

Learning a foreign language is beneficial for various reasons. It exposes

individuals to new cultures, improves brain function, and enhances
communication abilities. Language learners can also expand their job
opportunities, travel more easily, and gain a competitive edge in the global
economy.
The most challenging aspects of learning a foreign language include
grammar rules, pronunciation, and vocabulary memorization. Additionally,
learning a new alphabet or writing system can be challenging for some.
I prefer using a combination of methods to learn a new language,
including speaking with native speakers, listening to music or podcasts, and
using language learning apps. Practice and repetition are essential for language
learning, and I like to use flashcards or visual aids to remember new vocabulary.
To learn a foreign language effectively, individuals must immerse
themselves in the language. They can watch TV shows, read books and
newspapers, or join language exchange programs. Consistent practice is also
important, and learners should set achievable goals to track their progress.
In conclusion, learning a foreign language provides several benefits,
including cultural exposure, improved brain function, and enhanced
communication abilities. Learning a new language can be challenging, but a
combination of methods such as speaking with native speakers, using language
apps, and consistent practice can help learners overcome language barriers
more effectively.
Topic 6
Do you think students need to be tested? How do you feel about tests and exams? What
are the cons and pros of modern exams? What are your top tips to beat exam
stress? Discuss with a partner.

Testing is an essential component of the education system as it provides a

way to measure students' understanding and progress. While testing has its
benefits, it also has drawbacks that can cause stress and anxiety in students.
Exams can be a source of stress for students, especially when they have
several tests scheduled within a short period. However, exams can also be
motivators as they challenge students to push beyond their limits and excel.
The pros of modern exams include the ability to test students' real-life
skills and provide instant feedback to both students and teachers. Additionally,
modern exams can use a variety of test formats, such as online exams, which can
be more convenient for students. The cons of modern exams include a reliance
on standardized tests, which may not reflect students' unique abilities or
learning styles.
To overcome exam stress, students should prioritize self-care and adopt
healthy habits such as exercise, good nutrition, and adequate sleep. Time
management is also essential, and students should practice good study habits
such as setting achievable goals, breaking study sessions into smaller chunks,
and taking breaks when necessary.
Overall, testing is an essential component of education, but it must be
balanced with other forms of assessment to capture the full extent of students'
abilities. While exams can be a source of stress, effective coping mechanisms
such as self-care and good study habits can help students manage exam anxiety
and succeed in their academic pursuits.

Seasons and Weather. My Perfect Weekend.

Topic 1
There is no denying that weather is important to people. How much does the weather
influence your daily life? How does it affect your mood? What do you know about SAD?
Where do you get your weather information and do you trust it? Could you predict
weather for tomorrow, next week, the forthcoming summer? Discuss with a partner.

Weather plays a significant role in our daily lives, with its changes
influencing our moods, activities, and even health. For me, the weather greatly
affects my mood, particularly on gloomy days, when I feel more sluggish and
unmotivated.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder that occurs during
the colder months, when the days are shorter and darker. The decrease of
daylight affects the production of hormones in the brain, leading to symptoms
such as fatigue, irritability, and depression. It's essential to understand the effect
of weather on mood and take necessary steps to reduce its impact.
When it comes to getting weather information, I usually check online
sources, social media platforms, and television broadcasts. However, it's
important to verify the sources before relying on them, ensuring they're credible
and up-to-date.
Predicting weather can be challenging, as it's dependent on many factors,
including temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind. However, several tools
and resources, such as weather forecast apps and websites, can help to get a
general idea of the expected weather conditions for the next few days.
In conclusion, weather significantly impacts our daily lives, from mood to
activities to health. It's essential to take care of our physical and emotional well-
being during extreme weather conditions. Choosing reliable sources to get
weather information can be helpful in making informed decisions about planning
ahead.

Topic 2. People often speak about the power of nature. In certain parts of the world,
people’s survival depends on how well they can adapt to extreme weather conditions.
What extreme weather conditions do you know of? Are they typical of the region where
you live? Can extreme weather conditions be caused by climate change? How would you
explain climate change to someone who knew nothing about it? Discuss with a partner.

Nature has the power to both sustain and challenge human existence,
with extreme weather conditions often having substantial effects on people's
lives. Some of the extreme weather conditions that people face include
hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, droughts, and floods.
These extreme weather conditions can occur in different parts of the
world, depending on the region's climate and geography. For example,
hurricanes are common in regions with warm waters like the Caribbean and
Southeast Asia, while blizzards occur in colder regions like Canada and Russia.
Climate change can also trigger extreme weather conditions, as it alters
the average temperature and weather patterns. Climate change is caused by
greenhouse gases, which trap heat from the sun in the earth's atmosphere and
cause temperatures to rise. This brings about changes in the weather patterns
such as droughts, floods, heatwaves, storms, and strong winds.
Explaining climate change can be challenging, but it means discussing how
human activities are causing the warming of the Earth's temperatures. These
activities include burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil, which lead to
greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions trap heat within the Earth's
atmosphere, leading to changes in the climate patterns.
In conclusion, extreme weather conditions can have a significant impact
on people's lives and adaptation to them can be challenging. Climate change can
also trigger various extreme weather conditions, and our human activities
contribute to their occurrence. It's essential for us to be aware and take
necessary steps to reduce our carbon footprint to reduce the impacts of climate
change.
Topic 3. Virginia Woolf once said, “If you are losing your leisure, look out! -- It may be
you are losing your soul.” Talk about the value of hobbies. Which hobbies do you think
are the most popular today and why? Are there any hobbies you would like to try?

Hobbies are activities that people enjoy outside of their regular work or
daily responsibilities. They are important as they provide a sense of relaxation,
pleasure, and fulfillment, which helps to reduce stress and promote mental and
emotional well-being. Engaging in hobbies also helps individuals develop skills,
interests, and social connections.
Today, there are several popular hobbies like watching movies or series,
travelling, reading books, playing video games, sports, arts and crafts, and
gardening, among others. These hobbies provide a range of benefits like
entertainment, learning, physical activity, and mental stimulation.
The most popular hobbies today are probably those that are related to
technology, such as playing video games or watching series online. These
hobbies are widely accessible and cater to a broad audience due to their
convenience and variety.
However, other traditional hobbies like reading books, gardening, or arts
and crafts remains popular as ever. These hobbies allow for self-expression,
creativity, and a sense of relaxation, which can be a much-needed break from
our busy lives.
Personally, I have been wanting to try learning a musical instrument like
the guitar, but I haven't had the chance yet. It's a hobby that can be both
relaxing and fun, while also providing a sense of accomplishment and musical
skill.
In conclusion, hobbies are a valuable aspect of our lives, providing a range
of benefits and enhance the quality of our life. It’s essential to find a hobby that
suits our interests and needs to enjoy it fully. So, make sure to take time and
engage in your favorite hobbies and explore new ones too.
Places. At Your Service.

1.What are the pros and cons of travelling by such transport means as car, train, ferry, and
plane?

Travelling by car, train, ferry or plane, all have their advantages and
disadvantages.
Car travel allows you the freedom to go where you want, when you want.
You can stop and take detours along the way if you have the time and are able to
drive yourself. However, car travel can be stressful with traffic and parking. It is
also the most expensive way to travel long distances.
Train travel is comfortable with plenty of leg room to stretch out, has
good views, and is often faster than car travel. However, train schedules are
limited, and delays can occur. Trains are also more expensive than buses, and
once you arrive at your destination, you still need transportation to get around.
Ferry travel is ideal for exploration of coastal regions. It is slower than
travel by car or train, but it can be more relaxing with the possibility of seeing
whales, dolphins, and the coastline. However, seasickness can be a problem, and
the trip can be cancelled because of bad weather.
Plane travel is fast and convenient for long distance travel. It is also the
safest mode of transport. However, it can also be more expensive than other
means of transport. Additionally, there are longer check-in times, security
checks, and waiting times. Long haul flights can also be physically exhausting.
In conclusion, each mode of transport has its advantages and
disadvantages. Choosing the most suitable method depends on factors such as
distance, time, budget, and personal preference.
Places. At Your Service.

2. How to make travelling by car safer?

Travelling by car is a convenient and flexible way of getting around. It

allows you to reach far-flung destinations and explore new places. However,
road safety is important to ensure that your journey is safe and enjoyable. Here
are some tips on how to make travelling by car safer.
Firstly, make sure that your car is in good condition. Conduct regular
maintenance checks such as checking the brakes, oil, tire pressure, and lights.
Also, make sure that you have a first-aid kit, emergency contact numbers, and a
spare tire.
Secondly, always wear your seatbelt. This is the most effective way to
save your life in case of an accident. It can also protect you from injuries caused
by sudden braking or rough roads.
Thirdly, obey traffic laws and speed limits. Driving within the speed limit
reduces the risk of accidents, and driving while intoxicated or under the
influence of drugs is always a bad idea.
Fourthly, avoid distractions such as using your mobile phone, checking
social media, or adjusting the radio while driving. Distracted driving can increase
the likelihood of accidents.
Lastly, always be aware of your surroundings. Pay attention to the road,
the weather conditions, and other road users. Defensive driving is always a good
habit to adopt.
In conclusion, with these tips, travelling by car can be much safer.
Adhering to these safety precautions ensures a peaceful and stress-free road
trip, and also minimizes the risk of accidents.
3. Which state-of-the-art transport means can you think of? What transport do you think
people will use in future?

The contemporary world is advancing rapidly, changing the way we live,

and travel. Transport is one area that has undergone a significant transformation
over time, and several state-of-the-art transport means have emerged.
One of the state-of-the-art transport means is the Hyperloop. The
Hyperloop is a high-speed train that traverses long distances in a matter of
minutes, using a vacuum system that reduces air resistance. It is estimated to
reach speeds of up to 1000 km/h and can help to minimize travel time and
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Another futuristic transport mode is the flying car. Flying cars, also known
as personal air vehicles (PAVs), offer the possibility of avoiding traffic congestion
while increasing the speed of transportation. With autonomous flying cars
already in testing stages, the dream of travelling from one point to another in a
flying car may soon become a reality.
Lastly, self-driving cars may be in the works for the future of
transportation. Autonomous vehicles give passengers more flexibility and reduce
travel time. These cars would also address environmental concerns by being
more energy-efficient and reducing the number of vehicles on the road.
In conclusion, the future of transportation lies in more improved and
state-of-the-art forms of transport. These modes will offer faster, cheaper, and
more efficient means of transportation. While the Hyperloop, flying cars, and
self-driving vehicles are just a few of the transport modes that represent the
next generation of transportation, they offer exciting possibilities for the future.
4. How does conventional transport influence our environment? What is "green"
transport?

Conventional modes of transport such as cars and airplanes emit

pollutants that have harmful effects on our environment. These pollutants
contribute to climate change, air pollution, and soil contamination. Carbon
dioxide (CO2), which is a greenhouse gas, is one of the primary pollutants
produced by conventional transport. Additionally, automobile engines and
industrial processes emit particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, which
contribute to smog.
"Green" transport is an eco-friendly alternative to conventional transport
that helps to reduce carbon footprint and pollution. Green transport options
include walking, cycling, electric vehicles, hybrid cars, and public transport.
These modes of transportation use renewable energy sources and generate
fewer emissions than conventional modes of transport.
Green transport is beneficial for the environment as it reduces air
pollution and noise levels and helps to improve air quality. It also reduces traffic
congestion, which can help save time and limit the amount of fuel used.
Furthermore, green transport options encourage individuals to lead a
healthier lifestyle by incorporating physical activity like walking or biking into
their daily routine.
In conclusion, conventional transport has a significant negative impact on
the environment and contributes to climate change, while green transport
options focus on sustainable and eco-friendly modes of transportation to reduce
these impacts. Encouraging the use of green transport can help to minimize
pollution and conserve natural resources while also promoting sustainability and
living a healthier life.
5. What is consumerism? How does it influence our society?

Consumerism is a social and economic ideology that encourages people to

buy more products and services than they need. In consumerism, people are
encouraged to identify themselves through the products they own or want to
own. It has become an essential part of our lives as we are constantly being
bombarded with advertisements that tell us what we need to have to be happy.
Consumerism has influenced our society in many ways.

Firstly, it has impacted the environment. As people consume more, more

waste is produced, and natural resources are depleted at a faster rate. This has
led to environmental problems such as pollution and climate change.

Secondly, consumerism has influenced our economy. It has led to an

increase in economic growth, as more goods and services are produced, and
people spend money. Consumerism has also contributed to the rise of online
shopping and e-commerce, which has changed the way we buy products.

Lastly, consumerism has influenced our culture and personal identity.

People are often judged by what they own, leading to a culture of comparison
and materialism. As a result, people's self-worth may be tied to their
possessions, and they may prioritize material goods over experiences and
relationships.

In conclusion, consumerism has become a defining feature of modern

society. While it has contributed to economic growth, it also has negative
consequences such as environmental degradation and a culture of materialism.
It is therefore important to strike a balance between consumption and
sustainability for the benefit of both individuals and society as a whole.
6. How not to become a shoppaholic?

Shopaholic behavior, characterized by the excessive desire to shop and

spend money on things, can cause financial problems, stress, and affect mental
health. It's essential to develop healthy shopping habits to avoid becoming a
shopaholic.
One way to avoid shopaholism is to identify the triggers that lead to
excessive spending. For example, boredom, stress, or social pressure can trigger
shopping behavior, leading to impulsive purchases. Once identified, individuals
can find alternative activities or coping mechanisms to deal with these triggers,
such as exercising, reading, or spending time with loved ones.
Another way to avoid shopaholic behavior is to set a budget and stick to
it. It's important to define what is genuinely necessary versus what is a luxury
item and save money for essential purchases. Budgeting can help people
understand their financial situation better and help manage their expenses.
Moreover, developing a minimalist lifestyle can help avoid excessive
shopping habits. People can focus on owning quality and essential items rather
than desire excess or trendy items.
In conclusion, becoming a shopaholic can lead to significant financial and
emotional distress. By understanding the triggers, setting budgets, avoiding
impulse shopping, and developing a more minimalist lifestyle, individuals can
avoid falling into the trap of shopaholic behavior.
7. What is fashion? How does it influence our society? Is fashion important to you?

Fashion refers to the latest clothing and accessories that are popular and
trending in society. It influences our society by creating a sense of identity, style,
and beauty. Fashion can help people express their individuality, highlight their
personality, and make statements about personal beliefs or interests.
Fashion also influences our society by setting trends, defining social
norms, and creating a sense of belonging. People often follow fashion trends to
fit in or stand out in society, with some even considering it a form of self-
expression.
However, fashion can also lead to negative influences, such as promoting
the overconsumption of material goods causing an excessive waste problem. It
can also fuel the fast fashion industry, which can lead to unethical practices and
the exploitation of workers.
To different individuals, fashion may be important or unimportant. For
some, it may be a reflection of their personality or identity, while for others, it
may just be a way to meet social expectations. Fashion can be both trendy and
practical, with the ability to enhance an individual's confidence.
In conclusion, fashion is an important aspect of our society, as it reflects
the current trends and influences styles and culture. While it can promote
individuality and self-expression, it's important to be mindful of the impacts of
the fashion industry and promote ethical and sustainable practices. Ultimately,
whether fashion is important or not depends on each individual's perspective
and values.