1 1A word order in questions questions with be questions with do/ does/didin simple present and simple past question | be | subject adjective, 4) word noun,etc. question word | auxiliary subject | base form (=verb) (3) hungry? Do [you | live with your parens? there | abank neat here? Did jou | talea vacation last year? that | noise? Where does | joursiser | work? What you | fom? When did” Jou | starestudying English? Where jo bornt What did they | ealkeabout? Ee + Usethis word onder verbant the abject ™_N auilary subject, base form, eg, Didyou go outs nght? or Sas TReLe einer question word, auxiliary, subject, base form, eg, Where did you go? 1B simple present adverbs and expressions of frequency : 1 Weoften go outon Friday night. 133) 1) you | we | they hhe | she] Y12)) She doesn't usually study on weekends. Tusvally workat home. Holly knows me very wal Tmneversick Theydon'tlivenearhere. | Irdoesn't often rain here. He's always late for work Do you speak French? Does Alice like jazz? 2 She gets up early every day. - We have English classes ewicea week. Yes, do, No, don’. Yes, she does, No, she doesn’t 1 We oftenuse the simple present with adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never) + Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb. + Adverbs of frequency go after be She'snever sick. NOT She'ssick never, + Remember to usea[5] verb with never. + Use the simple present for things you do every day | week | year, or for things that are generally true oF always happen. + Usedon'ydoesn' to make negative sentences and dojdoes to make questions, work — | works | add -s study | studies | consonant-+y > ies Ienever rains. NOT ttdoesn'tnever rin: finish | finishes __| add-as after ch, cg, sh, s,z,and x 2. Expressions of frequency (every day, oncea week, g0/do | goes/does | add-es ‘etc: usually goat the end ofa sencence. have | has change to-s 1 pesto a 1A Whatare you doing? @22)) ‘cook adding 1B Vateeading aniceeagy fo Sarah study My broths 2 ‘aking a two-month vacation inthe US. live 3. Inthis picrure the womat sanding near the window. un cut the final eand add -ing double the final consonant and adding 17 Une the prose contimious 1 for things thatare happening now, atthis moment 2. for temporary things that are happening now, this week, ete 3 todescribea picture. A Whatdoyoudo? B Iwork for Microsoft. 231) ‘A Whatareyou doing? B Pm checking my email simple present or present continuous? ‘+ Use the simple present for things that are generally true ‘oralways happen. + Use the present continuous for an action happening now ‘Are you working? Yes, |am. / No, 'mnot. oratthis moment. Ishe working? Yes, he is./ No, he isn't. + Wenormally use verbs that describe states or feelings (non-action verbs), eg. want, need, like, in the simple present, not continuous,2 2A simple past: regular and irregular verbs. regular irregular 36) TH | Istayed with friends ‘We went o Brazil on vacation. [| Ldidn’e stay ina hotel We didn’t goto Sto Paulo. 1 __| Didyoustay forthe weekend? | Did you go to Rio? WH | Yes, 1 did. No, we didn’t, Wh | Where did you stay? Why did you go there? ‘+ Use the simple past to talk about finished actions in the past. + The form of the simple past isthe same forall persons. ‘+ Tomake the simple past[¥] of regular verbs add -ed. See the spelling rules in the chart, ‘+ Many common verbs are irregular in the| see> saw. See Irregular verbs p.164. imple past, e-g,,qo> went, + Use the base form after didn't for negatives and Ditd...? for questions. + Remember: auxiliary, subject, base form, e.., Did you go out last night? of {question word, auxiliary, subject, base form,eg., Where did you go? work | worked. | add -ed stay stayed like liked | add -dif verb endsine study | studied | y > -iedafter a consonant stop stopped | if verb ends in consonant= ‘vowel-consonant, double tthe inal consonant 2B past continuous: was/ were + verb + -ing At8:45 last Saturday Iwas workingin my office. @39)) wasn’t doing anything important My friends were having breakfast. They wer "eworking. A Whatwere you doingat I] o'cocklastnight?B Iwas watching TV. \/He/She/It | was working. You/We/They | were working. I/He/She/it | wasn't working. You/We/They | weren't working. Was he working? Yes, he was. /No, he wasn't. Were they working? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. + Use the past continuous to describe an action in.progress ata specifie momentin the past. + We often use the past continuous to describe the situation at the beginning of a story or narrative. simple pastor past continuous? Iwas workinginmyoficewhenthe — @ 403) boss walked in Iwas having lunch when my sisterarrived + Usethe simple past for completed action in the past + Use the past continuous for an action in progress before or at the time of the simple past action. 2C time sequencers Onourfirstdate, we wentto the movies. After that westarted 469) meeting every day. (On Thursday Ihad an argument with my boss.’The next day I decided to Took fora new job. We sat downto eat. Two minutes later the phone rang When came out ofthe lub, he was waiting for me ‘The accident happened when Iwas crossing the street. ‘+ Weuse time sequencers to say when orin what order things happen. ‘+ Weuse when asa time sequencer and also to join two actions. I was watching TV when the phone rang. (two verbs joined by when) then, after that ‘The mast common way of linking consecutive actions is with then or after that, but NOT with after e.g, got up and got dressed. Then / After that |made a cup of coffee. NOT After!made a cup of coffee. connectors: because, so, but, although because and so She was driving fast beeause she wasin @) 47) hurry (reason) She was ina hurry, so she was driving fast. (esult) + Use because to express a reason, + Use soto express a result butand although She tried.ostop the car, but sheiethe man.) 483) Although she tried ro stop theca, she hitthe man She was very tired, but she couldn't sleep. She couldn't sleep, although she was very tired. + Use hut and although to showa contrast. + Although can go atthe beginning or in the middle ofa sentence.