414

BIOLOGY
EXERCISE 1:NCERT PRACTICE PROBLEM LEVEL- l
The energy required during transmission of
NEURAl SysTEM
12.
provided by impuise is
(a) Brain (b) Nerve fiber
In which animal nerve cell is present but brain is absent? (c) Liver (d) Stimulating agent
(a) Sponge (b) Earthworm 13. Thepotential diference between outside and inside of.
(c) Cockroach (d) Hydra nerve before excitation is known as
2 The process through which two or more organs interact and
(a) Spike potential (b) Reaction potential
complement the functions of one another is known as: (c) Action potential (d) Resting potential
(a) Homeostasis (b) Coordination
(c) Endocytosis
14. Four healthy people in their twenties got involved in
(d) Pinocytosis injuries resulting in damage and death of a few cells of
3 Which system provides an organised network of point to
point connection:
the following. Which of the cells are least likely to he
replaced by new cells?
(a) Integrated system (b) Neuro-endocrine system (a) Liver cells
(c) Endocrin system (d) Nervous system (b) Neurons
HUMAN NEURAl SysTEM (c) Malpighian layer of the skin
(d) Osteocytes
4. The function of autonomous nervous system is 15. The junction between the axon of one neuron and the
(a) swallowing food dendrite of the next is called
(b) pupillary reflex (a) junction point (b) a synapse
(c) transmission of impulses from CNS to involuntary (c) a joint (d) constant bridge
organ 16. Which ofthe following is important for muscle contraction
(d) knee-jerk response and nerve impulse transmission?
5. The nerves carrying impulses to CNS are known as (a) Ca²t jons (b) Mgions
(a) motor (b) efferent (c) afferent (d) mixed (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Fet ions
6. Which of the following is a thin middle layer of cranial
meninges? CENTRAl NEURAL SysTEM (CNS)
(a) Duramater (b) Arachnoid
(c) Piamater 17. The secretion of gastric juice is controlled by
(d) Optic nerve
(a) Cerebellum (b) ANS
NEURON AS STRUCTURAL ANd FuNCTÍONAL UNiT (c) Cerebrum (d) Medulla
of NeURAl SysTEM 18. Which part of the brain is more developed in human ?
(a) Medulla (b) Cerebellum
7. Nerve fibres are surrounded by an insulating fatty layer called (c) Cerebrum (d) Optic lobes
(a) Adipose sheath (b) Myelin sheath 19. A thin vascular membrane of brain is
(c) Hyaline sheath (d) Peritoneum (a) Arachnoid (b) Piameter
8. Node of Ranvier is found in (c) Durameter (d) Epineurium
(a) Muscle bundles (b) Dendrite 20. Which part of the brain regulates the body temperaue
(c) Axon (d) Right auricle hunger and water balance ?
9. Bipolar neurons occur in (a) Hypothalamus (b) Infundibulum
(a) Vertebrate embryos (b) Retina of eye (c) Medulla oblongata (d) Pons veroli
(c) Brain and spinal cord (d) Skeletal muscles 21. Homeostasis is govemed by complex interactions within Ue
10. The parts of the neurons that perform basic cellular (a) hypothalamus (b) pituitary gland
functions such as protein synthesis are the (c) thalamas (d) All of these
(a) Axons (b) Dendrites 22. Which part of the brain controls involuntary breathing
(c) Synaptic knobs (d) Soma (a) Diencephalon (b) Hypothalamus
11. Sodium - Postassium pump across membrance, actively (c) Medulla oblongata (d) Cerebellum
transports 23. If a person has lost his accident, the
(a) 2 Na ions outwards and 3 K ions into the cell
memory in an
following part of the brain have got injured
(b) 3 Na ions outwards and 2 K ions into the cell (a) Diencephalon (b) Medulla oblongata
(c) 2 K ions out wards and 3 Na ions into the cell (c) Cerebellum (d) Cerebrum
(d) 3 K ions outwards and 2 Na ions into the cell
 415
Neural Control and Coordination

EXERCISE 2 : NCERT PRACTICE PROBLEM LEVEL-2

NeURAl SysTEM (c) Hypothalamus is the major coordination centre for

sensory and motor signaling
(d) The tracts of nerve fibres that connect two cerebral
1 Read the given statements and select the incorrect one hemispheres are calledcorpora bigemina
(a) In Hvdra, all neurons are similar and join to from a 9. During the transmission of nerve impulse through anerve
nerve hat
fibre, the potential on the inner side of the plasma
(b) The neural organisation is very complex in lower membrane has which type of electric change?
invertebrates. (a) First positive, then negative and continue to be positive
(c) The neural system is better organised in insects.
(b) First negative, then positive and continue to be positive.
(d) The vertebrates have a more developed neural system. (c) First positive, then negative and again back to positive
negative.
(d) Firstnegative, then positive and again back tothe action
HUMAN NEURAl SysTEM 10. During the propagation of a nerve of: impulse,
potential results from the movement
Afferent nerve fibres carry impulses from intracellular fluid
2. (a) K*ions from extracellular fluid to
(a) Effector organs to central nervous system extracellular fluid
(b) Na ions from intracellular fluid to fluid
(b) Receptors to central nervous system to extracellular
(c) K*ions from intracellular fluid fluid
to intracellular
(c) Central nervous system to muscles (d) Nat ions from extracellular fluid
any
(d) Central nervous system to receptors 11. When a neuron is in resting state I not conducting
NEURON As STRUCTURAl ANd FuNCTIONAL UNiT impulse, the axonal membrane is:
ions and nearly
of NEURAl SysTEM (a) comparatively more permeable to Nat
impermeable to K* ions
ions
(b) equally permeable to both Na and K
3 Atresting stage nerve cells has (c) impermeable to both Nat and Kt ions
(a) Low K outside and high Na inside (d) comparatively more permeable to Kt
ions and nearly
(b) High Kt inside and high Nat outside impermeable to Na ions
outside
(c) High Kt inside and low Nat 12. Study the diagram of synapse -
Nat inside
(d) High K outside and low
4 Depolarization of nerve impulse involves Axon

(a) Entry of Na only Axon

terninal
(b) Entry of K* only
of Kt
(c) Entry of Na and exit
A

K* and exit of Nat Pre-gynaptke

(d) Entry of membranc
The cerebral cortex is D
5
called white matter
(a) The outer layer ofcerebrum, Post-symaptic
called white matter membrane
(b) Inner layer of cerebrum.,
called grey matter
(c) The outer layer of cerebrum,
-C
called grey matter
(d) Inner layer of cerebrum,
6. Energy transformation in
nervous system is Which numbered label indicate the location of the
receptor molecules?
(a) Chemical to radiant
(b) Chemical to
mechanical II. Which number points to a synaptic vesicles?
(c) Chemical to electrical III. Which number point to neurotransmitter?
(d) Chemical to osmotic travel IV. Which number points to synaptic cleft?
the correct direction of II II IV
7 Which of the following is
for a nervous impulse? (a) C A BD
(a) Dendrite, nerve cell body, axon (b) B A CD
(b) Axon, nerve cell body, dendrite (c) C AD B
(c) Nerve cell body, axon, dendrite (d) C DA B
Dendrite, axon, nerve cell body of a nerve impulse through
13. Unidirectional transmission that:
(d)
8 Mark the correct statement nerve fibre is due to the fact
medullary sheath.
(a) Electrical synapses are
more common inour (a) nerve fibre is insulated by a
and
neural system than chemical synapsesneuron may be (b) sodium pump starts operating onlyat the cyton
fibre.
synaptic then continues into the nerve
(b) The new potential in post
either excitatory or inhibitory
 416

(c) neurotransmitters are relcased by dendrites and not 16. The cercbellum is concerncd with:
wBIOLOGY
by axon endings. (a) memory
(d) neurotransmitters are released by the axon endings (b) perception
and not by dendrites. (c) intelligence
14. In the following diagram showing axon ternimal and (d) coordination of muscular movement
synapse A, B, C, D and E respectively represents 17. Which of thefollowing is arichly vascular layer with lots
of blood capillaries ?
(a) Duramater of brain
A
(b) Piamater of spinal cord
(c) Epidermis of skin
D (d) Epithelial lining of trachea
18. Which of the following pair is mismatched?
(a) A-axon terminal, B-synaptic cleft, C-synaptic (a) Cerebrum-Memory
vesicles, D-neurotransmitters, E-receptors (b) Cerebellum-Equilibrium of body
(b) A-axon terminal, B-synaptic vesicles, C-synaptic (c) Olfactory lobes - Smell
cleft, D-receptors, E-neurotransmitters (d) Medulla - Temperature
(c) A-synaptic cleft, B-synaptic vesicles, C-axon 19. The white matter of the CNS is always
terminal, D-neurotransmitters, E-receptors (a) deep to the gray matter
(d) A-synaptic clefi, B-axon terminal, C-synaptic (b) unmyelinated
vesicles, D-neurotransmitters, E-receptors (c) arranged into tracts
CENTRAL NEURAlSysTEM (CNS) (d) composed of sensory fibers only
20. Cerebellum of brain is
15. The brain- stem includes the parts of (a) concened with the maintenance ofposture/equilibrium
(a).Fore brain and mid brain (b) respónsible for olfactory functions
(c) controls optic functions
(b) Mid brain and hind brain
(d) both (a) and (c)
(c) Fore brain, mid brain and hind brain
(d) Hind brain only

EXERCISE3 : NEW PATTERN QUESTIONS

Two STATEMENT TypE QUESTiONS AssERTiON & REASON QUEST0ONS

DIRECTION: Read the statements carefully and answer the DIRECTION: These questions consist of twO statements, each
question on the basis of following options. printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions,
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect you are required to choose any one ofthe following four responses.
(b) Statement Iis correct but Statement Il is incorrect (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct
(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(d) Both Statement I and Statement IIare correct
(c) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
1. StatementI: Nerve conduction is the one way conduction (d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct
Statement II: Nerve impulse is transmitted from dendrite explanation of (A)
terminals to axon terminals. 5 Assertion : Transmission of nerve impulse across d
2 Statement I: Neural system is better organised in insects synapse is accomplished by neurotransmitters.
due to the presence of brain, ganglia and neuraltissues. Reason :Transmission across a synapse usually requires
Statement II: Neural organisation is very simple in neurotransmitters because there is a small space, 1.c.,"
lower invertebrates. synaptic cleft, that separates one neuron from another.
3 Statement I: Neurons are excitable cells. 6. Assertion:The resting membrane of the neuron exmo
Statement II: The membrane of neurons in a depolarised polarity of charges. membrane
state is responsible for excitability. Reason: The outer surface of the axonal
4. Statement I: Increased permeability of Na ions due to possesseS a negative charge while its inner surface becomes
the rise in stimulus is short lived. positively charged.
7 Assertion:The brain stem contains centres for controlling
Statementll: The resting membrane potential ofmembrane activities.
at the site of excitation is restored by Na and CI ions. Reason : Brain stem is very sensitive.
Nrural Cotrol and Coordinatio, 417

Assertion: The mbalance in concentration of Na', K (ii) The human brain iswell protected by the skul.
generates resting potential. (iii) The brain can be divided into three major part
Reason : To maintain the uncqual distribution of Na' & (iv) The forcbrain consists of cerchrum, pons and
K'.the neurons use clcctrical cncrgy. hypothalamus.
(a) Only (i) and (ii) (b) Only (i) and (iv)
FoUR/Five STATEMENT Type QUESTiONS (c) Only (iv) (d) None of them

Which of the following statements are correct? MATCh The ColumNs

i) Somatic nervous system- Conducts impulses from
CNS to skeletal muscles. 14. Match the items of column Iwith column IIand choose
(ii) Autonomic nervous system- Conduct impulses from the corrcct option from the codes given below.
Column Column-II
CNS to internal organ muscles.
(i) Central nervous system- Consists of brain and spinal A. Neuron Osteocytes
Nissl's bodies
cord B. Bone-matrix
(iv) Peripheral nervous system- Consists of nerves C. RBCs of man IIIL Antibodies
carrying impulses to brain and spinal cord only D. Lymphocytes IV. Non-nucleated
(a) Only (ii) and (ii) (b) Only (iii) and (iv) (a) A-IV; B-I;C- II; D- III
(c) Only (i), (ii) and (ii) (d) All of these (b) A- Il; B- I;C- IV; D- IIl
(c) A- III: B- IV;C-1; D-II
10. Which of the following statements is correct regarding a
myelinated nerve fibre? (d) A-II; B-III; C-IV; D-I
potential)
(i) It is always associated with an axon. 15. Match the column I (various phase of an actionchoose the
associated) and
(ii) Itallows rapid conduction of nerve impulses. with column II(ionic activity
correct option.
(iii) It allows slow conduction of nerve impulses. Column-I Column-II
(iv) It has nodes of Ranvier. Opening and then
(a) Only (i) and (i) (b) Only (),(ii), and (iii) A. Resting stage of a 1.
closing of the sodium
Only (i),(ii), and (iv) neuron
(c) Only (i), (i), and (iv) (d) cerebrum of human
channels
11. Identify the main functions of the B. Depolarization All voltage gated
brain from the given statement. phase in the sodium and potassium
through
(i) Controlthe contraction of voluntarymuscles generation of an channels are closed.
the frontal lobe. action potential.
memory, vocabulary III. The sodium channels
(ii) Control the sensitivity, movement, C. Repolarization
etc. through the frontal lobe. phase in the remain opened.
taste, touch, pain etc.
(iii) Control the temperature, generation of
through the parietal lobe. action potential
sense of smell through the D. Absolute refractory IV.Opening of potassium
(iv) Control the hearing and gates and the rushing
occipital and frontal lobes. phase. of potassium
(a) (i), (ii), (iv) (b) (i) (ii), (iv)
(c) (i), (ii), (ii) (d) (ü),(ii), (iv) (a) A-II, B - 1,C- IV, D- II
12. Which of the following
statements are correct? (b) A-I, B -II,C-III, D-IV
organs/organ systems in our (c) A-III, B - IV, C- I,D -II
(i) The functions of the to maintain homeostasis. (d) A-IV, B - II,C- II, DI
body must be coordinated developed neural system. brain and column
vertebrates have a more 16. Column Ilists the parts of the human
(ü) The columns and identify
cytoplasm with typical cell the functions. Match
Ilists the two
(iii) The cellbody containsgranular bodies called Nissl's the correct option.
organelles and certain Column-l Column-II
granules. end of which is
long fibre, the distal A.Cerebrum Body temperature
(1V) The axon is a
branched. structure B. Cerebellum II. Controls vision and hearing
branch terminates as a bulb-like
(V) Each synaptic vesicles C.Hypothalamus I. Controls the rate of
called synaptic knob which possess
neurotransmitters. heart beat
containing chemicals called
(b) Only (ii) and (iii) Medulla oblongata IV. Maintains body posture
(a) Only (i),(ii) and (iii) (d) All of them D.
(c) Only (v)
statements are incorrect? (a) A-II, B - IV, C-,D- II
13. Which of the following information processing organ (b) A-IV, B-I,C- II, D-I
(i) The brain is the central command and control (c) A-I, B - IV, C- II, D-II
of our body, and acts as the (d) A-III, B IV, C- 1,D-II
system".
 418 BIOLOGY

EXERCISE 4 : NCERT EXEMPLAR

1. Chemicals which are released at the synaptic junction are 0. An arca in the brain which is associated with strong
called emotions is
(a) cerebral cortex (b) cerebellum
(a) hormones 6) neurotransmitters
(c) limbic system (d) medulla
(c) cerebrospinal fluid (d) lymph
2. Potential difference across resting membrane is negatively 7. Mark the vitamin present in rhodopsin
(a) vit-A (b) vit-B
charged. This is due to differential distribution of the (d) vit-C
following ions. (c) vit-C
Human eyeball consists of three layers and it encloses
(a) Nat and K ions (b) CO' and CI ions
(c) Catt and Mg ions (d) Catt and CI ions (a) lens, iris, optic nerve
3. Resting membrane potential is maintained by (b) lens, aqueous humor and vitreous humor
(a) hormones (b) neurotransmitters (c) cornea, lens, iris
(c) ion pumps (d) None of these (d) cornea, lens, optic nerve
9. Wax gland present in the ear canal is called
4 The functionof our visceral organs is controlled by
(a) sympathetic and somatic neural system (a) sweat gland (b) prostate gland
(b) sympathetic and parasympathetic neural system (c) Cowper's gland (d) ceruminous gland
(c) central and somatic nervous system 10. The part of internal ear responsible for hearing is
(d) None of the above (a) cochlea (b) semicircular canal
Which of the following is not involved in knee-jerk reflex? (c) utriculus (d) sacculus
(a) Muscle spindle (b) Motor neuron 11, The organ of corti is a structure present in
(c) Brain (d) Inter neurons (a) external ear (b) middle ear
(c) semicircular canal (d) cochlea

EXERCISE 5 : PAST YEAR TOPIC-WISE QUESTIONS

NEURAl SysTEM, HUMAN NEURAl SysTEM, (a) Both Statement I and Statement IIare correct.
NEURON AS STRUCTURAl ANd FUNCriONAl UNiT (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
c) Statement Iis correct but Statement II is incorrect.
of NEURAl SysTEM, CENTRAL NEURAL SysTEM (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
1. Match List Iwith List II: 2024
3. The parts ofhuman brain that helps in regulation of sexual
List-I List-II
behaviour, expression of excitement, pleasure, rage, fear
etc. are: 2023
A. Pons I Provides additional space
for Neurons, regulates ua) Limbic system and hypothalamus
posture and balance. (b) Corpora quadrigemina and hippocampus
B. Hypothalamus II. Controls respiration and (c) Brain stem and epithalamus
gastric secretions. (d) Corpus callosum and thalamus
4. Brainstem of human brain consists of: 2023
C. Medulla III. Connects different regions
of the brain. (a) Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Corpora quadrigemina
D. Cerebellum IV Neurosecretory cells (b) Amygdala, Hippocampus and Corpus Callosum
(c) Mid-brain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: (d) Forebrain, Cerebellum and Pons
(a) A-I, B-III, C-I, D-IV
Lb) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
5. Given below are two statements: 2023

(c) A-I, B-II, C-II, D-IV Statement I:The nose contains mucus-coated receptors
(d) A-L, B-1,C-III, D-IV which are specialised for receiving the sense of smell and
2. Given below are two statements: 2024
are called olfactory receptors.
Statement I: The cerebral hemispheres are connected by Statement II : Wall of the eye ball has three layers.
nerve tract known as corpus callosum. The external layer is called choroid (dense connecive
Statement Ii: The brain stem consists of the medulla tissue), middle layer is sclera (thin pigmented layer)
oblongata, pons and cerebrum. internal layer is retina (ganglion cells, bipolar cells a
In the light of the above statements, choose the most photoreceptor cells). Correct
In the light of the above statements, choose the
appropriate answer from theoptions given below: answer from the options given below:
 NeuralControl and Coordination 419

(a) Both Statement Iand Statement Il are true 13. Which of the following regions of the brain is incorrectly
(b) Both Statement Iand Statement llare false paired with its function? 2015 RS
(c) Statement I istrue but Statement II is false (a) Cerebellum - language comprehension
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (b) Corpus callosum - communication between the left
Select the incorrect statement regarding synapses: 2022 and right cerebral cortices
(a) Electrical current can fiow directly from one neuron (c) Cerebrum - calculation and contemplation
into the other across the electrical synapse. (d) Medulla oblongata homeostatic control
(b) Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters 14. Destruction of the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord
(c) Impulse transmission across a chemical synapse is would result in loss of : 2015 RS
always faster than that across an electrical synapse. (a) voluntary motor impulses
(d) The membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic (b) commissural impulses
neurons are in close proximity in an electrical (c) integrating impulses
synapse. (d) sensory impulses
7. Match List - I with List - II: Ph-II2022 15, Stimulation ofa muscle fiber by a motor neuron occurs
List -I List - 11 at: 2014

(A) Multipolar neuron (i) Somatic neural system (a) the neuromuscular junction
(B) Bipolar neuron (ii) Cerebral cortex (b) the transverse tubules
(C) Myelinated (ii) Retina of Eye (c) the myofibril
nerve fibre (d) the sacroplasmic reticulum
(D) Unmyelinated (iv) Spinal nerves 16. Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely
nerve fibre 2014
disrupt:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: (a) shórt-term memory.
(a) (A)-(ii), (B) - (ii), (C) - (iv), (D) - () (b) co-ordination during locomotion.
(b) (A) -(iii), (B) -(), (C) - (iv), (D) - (i) (c) executive functions, such as decision making.
(c) (A) - (i), (B) - (iv), (C) - (ii), (D) - () (d) regulation of body temperature.
17. The most abundant intracellular cation is : 2013
(d) (A)- (i), (B) -(ii), (C)- (), (D) - (iv)
8. Whichpartofthe brain isresponsible forthermoregulation? (a) Cat+ (b) H
(a) Hypothalamus 2019 (c) K+ (d) Nat
(b) Medulla oblongata 18. Adiagram showing axon terminal and synapse is given.
(c) Corpus collosum Identify correctly at least two of A-D. 2013

(d) Cerebrum
9 Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly
paired with its functions? 2018
(a) Medulla oblongata : controls respiration and
cardiovascular reflexes.
(b) Limbic system: consists of fibre tracts that interconnect
different regions of brain; controls movement. B
(c) Corpus callosum :band of fibers connecting left and
right cerebral hemispheres.
(d) Hypothalamus : production of releasing hormones D
and regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst. A

10. Nissl bodies are mainly composed of (a) B-Synaptic connection, D-K+
2018
(a) Proteins and lipids (b) A-Neurotransmitte, B-Synaptic cleft
(b) DNA and RNA (c) C- Neurotransmitter, D-Ca ++
{c) Free ribosomes and RER (d) A-Receptor, C-Synapticvesicles
(d) Nucleic acids and SER 19. Asagittal section of human-brain is shown here. Identify
2017
11. Myelin sheath is produced by: at least two labels from A-D,. Kar.2013
(a) Astrocytes and Schwann cells
(b) Oligodendrocytes and Osteoclasts
(c) Osteoclasts and Astrocytes
(d) Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes
12. Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on: 2017
(a) Pre-synaptic membrane
(b) Tips of axons D
(c) Post-synaptic membrane
(d) Membrane of synaptic vesicles
420
BIOLOGY
(a) A-Cerebral hemispheres: (A) (B) (C) (D)
B- Cerebellum (a) (ii)(i) (iv) (ii)
(b) C- Mid brain; D -Cerebellum (b) (iv) (i) () (i)
(c) A-Cerebrum; C- Pons (c) (i) (ii) (iv) (ii)
(d) B-Corpus callosum; D-Medulla (d) (i) (ii) (i) (iv)
20. The figure shows an axon ternminal and synanse. Select 23. Which of the following statements is not correct? 2019
the option giving corect identifications of tables A-D (a) In the knee-jerk reflex, stimulus the stretching of
muscle and response is its contraction.
Kar.2013
(b) An action potential in an axon does not move
backward because the segment behind is in a
refractory phase.
(c) Depolarisation of hair cells of cochlea results in the
-B opening of the mechanically gated potassium-ion
channels.
(d) Rods are very sensitive and contribute to daylight
vision.
(a) A-Axon terminal; B-Serotonin complex 24. Which of the following receptors are specifically
(b) A-Action potential; C - Neurotransmitter responsible for maintenance of balance of body and
(c) B-Neurotransmitter; D- Receptor capsules posture? 2019,Odisha
(d) C-Receptor; D- Synaptic vesicles (a) Crista ampullaris and macula
(b) Basilar membrane and otoliths
SENSORY ReCepriON ANd ProCESsiNG (c) Hair cells and organ of corti
(d) Tectorial membrane and macula
21. Match List I with List II with respect to human eye. 2023 25. The transparent lens in the human eye is held in its place
List I List II by 2018
A Fovea Visible coloured
(a) ligaments attached to the ciliary body
portion of eye (b) ligaments attached to the iris
that regulates (c) smooth muscles attached to the ciliary body
diameter of pupil. (d) smooth muscles attached to the iris
B Iris II. External layer of 26. Good vision depends on adequate intake of carotene rich
eye formed of dense food. 2017
connective tissue. Select the best option from the following statements :
C. Blind spot III. Point of greatest (i) Vitamin A derivatives are formed from carotene
visual acuity (11) The photopigments are embedded in the membrane
or resolution. discs of the inner segment
D. Sclera IV. Point where (ii) Retinal is a derivative of Vitamin A
optic nerve leaves (iv) Retinal is a light absorbing part of allthe visual
the eyeball and photopigments
photoreceptor (a) (), (ii) and (iv) (b) (i) and (iü)
cells are absent. (c) (ii), (il) and (iv) (d) () and (iv)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 27. Photosensitive compound in human eye is made up of2016
(a) A-III, B-I, C-IV,D-II (a) Guanosine and Retinol
(b) A-IV, B-III, C--II, D-I (b) Opsin and Retinal
(c) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II (c) Opsin and Retinol
(d) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV (d) Transducin and Retinene
28. Choose the correct statement. Ph-ll 2016
22. Match the following columns and select the correct
2020
(a) Photoreceptors in the human eye are depolarized
option. during darkness and become hyperpolarized n
Column-1 Column-II
(i) Connects middle response to the light stimulus.
(A) Organ of Corti (b) Receptors do not produce graded potentials.
ear and pharynx (c) Nociceptors respond to changes in pressure.
(B) Cochlea (ii) Coiled part of (d) Meissner's corpuscles are thermo receptors.
the labyrinth 29. Agymnast is able to balance his body upside down2015RS
(C) Eustachian tube (ii) Attached to the in the total darkness because of:
Oval window (a) Vestibular apparatus
(D) Stapes (iv) Located on the basilar (b) Tectorial membrane
membrane (c) Organ of corti
(d) Cochlea
 421
Neural Controland Coordination
0. In mammalian eye, the 'fovea' is the center of the visual 32. Parts A. B. C and D of the human eye are shown in the
ficld, where: 2015 RS diagram. Select the option which gives correct identification
(a) the opticnerve leaves the eye along with its functions/characteristics: 2013
(b) only rods are present
(c) more rods than cones are found
(d) high density of cones occur, but has no rods. Lens
1 Which one of thefollowing statements is not correct? 2014 Iris
a) Retinal is the light absorbing portion of visual photo A
pigments.
(b) In retina the rods have the photopigment rhodopsin (a) B-Blind spot-has only a few rods and cones
while concs have three different photopigments. (b) C-Aqueous chamber-reflects the light which does
(c) Retinal is a derivative of Vitamin A. not pass through the lens.
(d) Rhodopsin is the purplish red protein present in rods (c) D-Choroid-its anterior part forms ciliary body
only. (d) A-Retina-contains photoreceptors-rods and cones.

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

11. (d) 12. (a)
Key TeRM RefreshER - FIB 13. (d) Transmission of nerve impulse is always from
axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another neuron i.e.
1 homeostasis 2 neurons unidirectional because neurotransmitters are produced by
3 Nissl's granules 4. nodes of Ranvier
axons and not by dendrites.
resting potential 6. synapses 14. (b) 15. (b)
synaptic cleft 16. (d) The cerebellum is concemed with coordination of
EXERCiSE 1 muscular movement.
17. (b) 18. (d)
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b) 19. (c) The white matter in the CNS consists of tracts that
convey sensations from one structure or region to another.
7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (b)
13. (d) 20. (a)
14. (b) The neurons are cells specialised to conduct an ExeRCiSE 3
electrochemical current. Neuron cells do not have the
capability of division. 1. (b) Nerve impulses are always transmitted across a
15. (b) The end-to-end position of the axon of one neuron synapse from the axon terminals of one neuron to the
and the dendrites of another neuron called the synapse. dendrite/cellbody of the next neuron but never in the
16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (b) reverse direction.
20. (a) Hypothalamus of the brain regulates the body 2. (d)
temperature, hunger and water balance. 3 (d) Neurons are excitable cells. Excitability is the ability
21. (d) of nerve cells to generate an electrical impulse in response
22. (c) Involuntary breathing is controlled by respiratory to stimulus.
centre located in the medulla oblongata. 4. (b) The resting membrane potential of membrane at
loses
23. (d) A mammal, from whose cerebrum is removed the site of recitation is restored by Nat and K ions. So
all responses that depend upon consciousness and memory. statement II is incorrect.
ExERCiSE 2 5. (d) Transmission of nerve impulse access synapses is
accomplished by neurotransmitter because synapses
1
comprises of a synaptic cleft between the end of one nerve
(b) fibres fibres and the beginning of the next.
2 (b) Nerve impulse is carried through afferent nerve 6. (b)
from receptors to central nervous system.
3. (b) Resting stage nerve cells has high K"
inside and high 7. (a) Thebrain stemconsists ofpons varoli, medulla oblongata,
Nat outside.
mid brain and diencephalon. The brain stem, connection between
4 (a) 5. (c) 6. (c) brain and spinal cord, contains centres for controlling many vtal
7 (a) Dendrites collect impulses and carry them toward the activities like respiration, body temperature, urge for eating and
drinking etc. It also caries nerve tracts between the spinal cord
nerve cell bodies. Axons then pick up the integrity of the and the higher brain structure.
signal and speeds transmission along the axon.
8
8 (b) Resting membrane potential is determined by the
(b) 9. (d) uneven distribution of ions between the inside and the
Na" enters
10. (d) During propagation of nerve impulse, membrane. outside of the cell and bythe different permeability of the
inside so (+ve) change is formed inside the membrane to different types of ions.
Ke ions come out.
 422

9. (C) The statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct while the
BIOLOGY
10. (c) Nissl bodies are present in the soma or cell body of .
statement (iv) is incorrect. neuron. When observed under electron
10. (c) Conduction of impulses is very slow in
unmnyelinated microscope,
appear to be composed of rough endoplasmic they
reticulu
fibres. (RER) and free rib0somes hence help in protein synthesis
c) Statements (i), () and (ii) are the main functions of 1. (d) Myelin sheath wrapped around the nerve axon
cerebrum.
12. (d) Allof the given
Oligodendrocytes are neuroglialcells which prodie
statements are corTeCt. myelin shecath in central nervous system while Schwan
13. (c) Onlystatement (iv) is incorrect. The correct statement cellproduces myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system
is the fore brain consists of cerebrum, thalamus and 12. (c) Pre-synaptic membrane is involved in the release of
hypothalamus. neurotransmitter in the chemical synapse. The receptors
14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a) sites for neurotransmitters are present on post-synaptic
membrane of neuron.
ExERc0SE 4 13. (a) Cerebellum maintains the balance and body
1. (b) 2. (a)
posture. It is not concerned with logical part.
14. (a) In poliomyelitis, anterior horn cells of spinal cord are
3. (c) The ionic gradients across the resting membranes are destructed which causes loss of motor activities of limbs
maintained by the active transport of ions by the sodium 15, (a) The neuromuscular junction connects the nervous
potassium pumps which transport 3 Na outward for every System to the muscular system via synapses between
2K into the cell. efferent nerve fibres and muscle fibres.
4. (b) 16. (d) The hypothalamus is a highly complex structure in
5 (c) Brain is not involved in any reflex action (e.g., knee the brain that regulates many important brain chemicals.
jerk reflex) while the muscle spindle, inter neuron and 17. (c) The most abundant intracellular cation is K and Nat
motor neutron are the part of reflex arc. is the extracellular fluid.
6. (c) The limbic lobe or limbic system, along with the 18. (d) A-Receptor, C-Synaptic vesicles, B is synaptic cleft. A
hypothalamus, is involved in the regulation of emotions synapse is formed by the membranes of a synaptic neuron and
and motivation. post synaptic neuron, which may or may not separated by agap
7 (a) called synaptic cleft. It is filled by fluid called neurotransmitter
8. (b) Human eye balls consists of three, layers i.e., sclera, which are involved in transmission ofimpulse at these synapses.
choroid and retina and these layers enclose lens, aqueous 19. (c) Cerebrum is the first and most developed part of fore
humor and vitreous humor. brain. It makes 2/3 part of total brain. Pons is a small spherical
9 (d) 10. (a) projection, which is situated below the midbrain and upper side
11. (d) The organ of corti is a structure present in the cochlea. ofthe medulla oblongata. It acts as arelay centre among different
Cochlea bears the most important channel/canal called parts ofbrain. Band Dare thalamus and spinal cord respectively.
scala media, which has an upper membrane, the Reissner's 20. (d) In the given figure, A, B, C and D are axon,
membrane and a lower basilar membrane. Organ of corti neurotransmitters, receptors and synaptic vesicles respectively.
21. (a) The correct matching is:
are present on the sensory ridge of basilar membrane.
() Fovea is the point of greatest visual acuity or resolution.
EXERC0SE 5 (ii) Iris is the visible coloured portion of the eye that
regulates diameter of pupil.
1 (b) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I (iii) Blind spot is the point where optic nerve leaves the
2. (c) Mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata forms the eye-ball and photoreceptor cells are absent.
brain stem. (iv) Sclera the external layer of eye formed of dense
3. (a) The parts of human brain that helps in regulation of connective tissue.
sexual behaviour, expression of excitement, pleasure, rage, 22. (b) Option (b)is correct because organ of Corti is located
fear etc. are Limbic system and hypothalamus. on the basilar membrane, thus (a) in column-I matches
4. (c) 5. (c) with (iv) in column-II. Cochlea, so (b) matches with (11)
6. (c) Impulse transmission across an electrical synapse is in. The coiled portion of the labyrinth is called column I.
alwavs faster than that across a chemical synapse. 23. (d) Rods and cones are two types of photoreceptor n
7 (a human retina. Cones are very sensitive to operate in day
(a) Multipolar neurons are a part of the cerebral cortex. light. Rods are very sensitive in dim light.
(b) Bipolar neurons can be found in the retina of the eye. 24. (a) Crista ampullaris is a sensory organ of rotation. l
(c) Myelinated nerve fibres can be found in spinal nerves. maintains the dynamic balance of the body.
(d) Unmyelinatednerve fibres can be found in the somatic 25. (a) The muscles that move the eyeball are atached to the sclera.
neural systems. Z0. (a) Carotene is the source of retinal which is involved in
(a) Hypothalamus part, of the brain is responsible for formation of rhodopsin of rod cells. Retinal. aderivative of
thermoregulation. It maintains the body temperature at vitamin A, is the light-absorbing part of all visual photopigme
roughly 37°C. Photopigments are occurentirely on the surface ofmembrane disc.
27. (b) 28. (a)
9. (b) The limbic system (emotional motor system) is crista
responsible for the experience and expression of emotion 29. (a)
Vestibular:pparatus has specificreceptors called
but not movement, It is located in the core of the brain and and macula to maintain the balance and posture of body.
30. (d) Fovea centralis is the most sensitive part of retina. It
includes the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus.
has high density of cones, but rods are not found.
31. (c) 32. (d)