PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Sumitted to: Submitted by:

Ms Sherin Shaji Aryan.M
Physics Faculty Class XII
Department of Physics Science
St.Thomas Central School,Mysore StThomasCentral School,Mysore
 ST.THOMAS ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL, MYSORE
(Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi, Affiliation No. 830085,
School Code-45067

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled Electromagnetic Induction is a bonafide work carried
out by Aryan.M of Standard XI of St. Thomas English Medium School, Mysore, submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the AISSCE certificate from C.B.S.E under our
guidance during the year 2024-2025

Principal Teacher–In–Charge

Submitted for the AISSCE Examination held in the year 2024-2025 at St.Thomas English
Medium School, Mysore

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First I take this opportunity to thank the Almighty God, who really enabled me to do this
project successfully. I would also like to express my gratitude to all those who have guided
me.

I acknowledge my heartfelt thanks to the Principal Mr. Lintomon T. A, and my teacher Ms

Sherin Shaji for her valuable guidance and encouragement. I thank all my teachers and
friends who have helped me to complete this task successfully.

I bow down to my parents for their inspiration and prayers without which this project might
not have been a success
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project entitled Electromagnetic Induction is a bonafide

record of the project work done by me, during the course of my studies in the academic
year 2024-2025.This report has not been previously formed the basis for the award of
any certificate, diploma or other similar title to me by any other board or society.

Name: Aryan.M

Date: 7-10-2024
 Index

CONTENT

AIM OF PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

THEORY

OBSERVATION

CONCLUSION

APPLICATIONS OF EMI
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 AIM

To study phenomenon of electromagnetic induction .

 INTRODUCTION

Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is
produced by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the
current is turned off.

Induction:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor
in a changing magnetic field is called induction.

Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference
(voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field causes
molecules in another object to flow. Induction can produce electricity (in
coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).

Finally it is refers to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when the

magnetic flux linking a conductor changes.

Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and
the area normal to the field through which the field is passing. It is a
scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).

φ=BA
 PRINCIPLE

Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a process where

a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field (or a conductor moving
through a stationary magnetic field) causes the production of a voltage
across the conductor. This process of electromagnetic induction, in turn,
causes an electrical current - it is said to induce the current.
 THEORY
Invention:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in
1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of Francesco
Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a si milar
discovery, but did not publish his findings until later

Induced e.m.f.s :

If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be generated in

the coil. This effect was first observed and explained by Ampere and
Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be
generated either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other or by
(b) changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux in some
way. Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is changing.

For example, consider two coils as shown in Figure 1.

Coil A is connected to a galvanometer and coil B is connected to a battery

and has direct current flowing through it. Coil A is within the magnetic field
produced by B and an e.m.f. can be produced in A by moving the coils
relative to each other or by changing the size of the current in B. This can
be done by using the rheostat R, switching the current on or off, or (c) using
an a.c. supply for B.
Representation:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference
(voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.

Working and Construction:

Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a magnetic
field because the magnetic lines of force are applying a force on the free
electrons in the conductor and causing them to move. This process of
generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a changing
magnetic field is called induction. This is called induction because there is
no physical connection between the conductor and the magnet. The current
is said to be induced in the conductor by the magnetic field.
One requirement for this electromagnetic induction to take place is that the
conductor, which is often a piece of wire, must be perpendicular to the
magnetic lines of force in order to produce the maximum force on the free
electrons. The direction that the induced current flows is determined by the
direction of the lines of force and by the direction the wire is moving in the
field. In the ani mation above the ammeter (the instrument used to measure
current) indicates when there is current in the conductor.

If an AC current is fed through a piece of wire, the electromagnetic field

that is produced is constantly growing and shrinking due to the constantly
changing current in the wire. This growing and shrinking magnetic field can
induce electrical current in another wire that is held close to the first wire.
The current in the second wire will also be AC and in fact will look very
similar to the current flowing in the first wire.

It is common to wrap the wire into a coil to concentrate the strength of the
magnetic field at the ends of the coil. Wrapping the coil around an iron bar
will further concentrate the magnetic field in the iron bar. The magnetic
field will be strongest inside the bar and at its ends (poles).
 APPLICATION OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement
of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical
generators. When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or
vice versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire is connected
through an electrical load, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is
generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy
Electrical transformer
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for electrical
transformers. When the electric current in a loop of wire changes, the
changing current creates a changing magnetic field. A second wire in reach
of this magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic field as a
change in its coupled magnetic flux, d ΦB / d t. Therefore, an electromotive
force is set up in the second loop called the induced EMF or transformer
EMF. If the two ends of this loop are connected through an electrical load,
current will flow.
 OBSERVATIONS

1)Magnet moved at a certain rate

produces certain voltage

2)If the of turns in coil is increased

but the speed of magnet is kept
same, greater voltage is induced

3)Magnet moved at a faster rate

creates a greater induced voltage
 APPLICATIONS

The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many

devices and systems, including:

 Electrical generators
 Induction motors
 Induction sealing
 Inductive charging
 Transformers
 Wireless energy transfer
 CONCLUSION

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and published by

Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century, describes a very important electro-
magnetic concept. Although its mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence
of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric potential or voltage to
a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has many far reaching ramifications that
touch our lives in many ways: from the shining of the sun, to the convenience of
mobile communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can all appreciate the
profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us .
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Wikipedia.com
 Chatgpt
 britannica.com
 phys.libretexts.org
 openstax.org