Compass International School Themaid
Q1.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross
.
The graphs show how the pressure and volume of blood in the left ventricle change during the cardiac
cycle.
(a) Which letter indicates when the atrioventricular (mitral) valves close?
(1)
A P
B Q
C R
D S
(b) Calculate the time for one cardiac cycle.
(1)
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Compass International School Themaid
Answer ........................................................... seconds
(c) The volume of blood in the left ventricle changes during the cardiac cycle.
Explain these changes.
(3)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q2.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross
.
(a) The diagram shows the internal structure of a mammalian heart.
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Compass International School Themaid
(i) How many of the following are correct for blood vessel P?
(1)
• carries blood to the heart
• has valves along its length
• has an endothelial lining
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3
(ii) Why is blood vessel Q classified as an artery?
(1)
A because it carries deoxygenated blood
B because it carries oxygenated blood
C because it carries blood away from the heart
D because it carries blood back to the heart
(iii) Which blood vessel does the coronary artery branch from?
(1)
A P
B Q
C R
D S
(iv) When in the cardiac cycle is valve T open?
(1)
A atrial systole and cardiac diastole
B atrial systole only
C cardiac diastole and ventricular systole
D ventricular systole only
(b) The effect of atropine and propranolol on heart rate was investigated.
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Compass International School Themaid
One group of people, group 1, were given propranolol each day for four days followed by atropine
for four days.
A second group of people, group 2, were given atropine each day for four days followed by
propranolol for four days.
The graph shows the results of this investigation.
(i) Calculate the change in mean heart rate for group 2 after 8 days.
(1)
Answer ........................................................... beats min–1
(ii) Calculate the mean length of the cardiac cycle for group 2 on day 4.
(1)
Answer ........................................................... seconds
(iii) Comment on the conclusions that can be drawn from this investigation.
(3)
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Compass International School Themaid
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(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q3.
The role of haemoglobin is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
The diagram shows the structure of adult haemoglobin
(a) (i) State the role of the structure labelled P.
(1)
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(ii) Explain the properties of amino acids located on the outer surface of the haemoglobin, for
example at position Q.
(2)
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Compass International School Themaid
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(b) The graph shows the oxygen dissociation curves of adult and fetal haemoglobin.
(i) Explain why the oxygen dissociation curve of adult haemoglobin is different from that of fetal
haemoglobin.
(2)
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(ii) The structures of adult and fetal haemoglobin are different.
The diagram shows the structure of adult and fetal haemoglobin.
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Compass International School Themaid
The table shows the number of amino acids in each type of chain.
The amino acids in the α chains are the same in adult and fetal haemoglobin.
The β and γ chains differ in 39 of their amino acids.
Calculate the percentage of amino acids that are different in adult and fetal haemoglobin.
(2)
Answer ........................................................... %
(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q4.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross
.
Stents are used in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Compass International School Themaid
(a) The diagram shows how stents are positioned in a diseased coronary artery.
Explain why a stent is used in the treatment of atherosclerosis in a coronary artery.
(3)
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(b) Inserting a stent can damage the artery.
This damage can result in stent thrombosis if the blood clotting process is stimulated.
A study looked at the damage caused by two different types of stent, stent A and stent B.
The graph shows the incidence of stent thrombosis found in this study.
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Compass International School Themaid
(i) In this study, 800 patients had stent A inserted and 400 patients had stent B inserted.
Calculate the difference in the number of patients who developed stent thrombosis three years
after inserting the stent.
(2)
Answer ...........................................................
(ii) State how the formation of a blood clot in the coronary artery could cause the death of the
patient.
(1)
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(iii) Which components of the blood clotting process are enzymes in their active form?
(1)
A prothrombin and thromboplastin only
B prothrombin and thrombin only
C prothrombin, thrombin and thromboplastin
D thrombin and thromboplastin only
(iv) Which components of the blood clotting process are soluble in blood plasma?
(1)
A fibrin and fibrinogen
B fibrin and thromboplastin
C fibrinogen and thromboplastin
D fibrinogen only
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Compass International School Themaid
(v) Stent B contains a drug to prevent stent thrombosis.
Suggest one type of drug that could be used in stent B.
(1)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q5.
Several factors increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
(a) The diagram shows some factors that increase the risk of CVD.
Complete the diagram with one lifestyle risk factor and one non-lifestyle risk factor.
(1)
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Compass International School Themaid
(b) The graph shows the effect of exercise on the relative risk of death from CVD.
Describe the conclusions that can be made from the information shown in this graph.
(2)
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(c) Dietary antioxidants may reduce the risk of CVD.
(i) Explain how dietary antioxidants reduce the risk of CVD.
(3)
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Compass International School Themaid
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(ii) Devise a study to confirm that antioxidants reduce the risk of CVD.
(3)
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*(d) The coronary artery may become completely blocked in people with CVD.
The graph shows how the energy released by heart muscle cells changes after the coronary
artery becomes completely blocked.
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Compass International School Themaid
The heart muscle cells no longer contract 8 minutes after the coronary artery becomes completely
blocked.
The heart muscle cells begin to die 20 minutes after the coronary artery becomes completely
blocked.
Explain the effects on the heart function after the coronary artery becomes completely blocked.
Use the information shown in the graph and your own knowledge to support your answer.
(6)
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(Total for question = 15 marks)
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