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C H A PT E R
OD
Alfernafing Currenf and
w
Etectrical Machines
Flo
ee
Fr
for
ur
7.1 ALTERNATING CURRENT e ^0 ■
/ = — = — sm cof , or / = L sin cof
ks
0
R R
1. What is meant by alternating current ? Write an
Yo
expression for it. Define its amplitude, time period and Thus the current in the circuit varies sinusoidally
oo
frequency. with time and is called alternating current.
eB
Alternating current. An alternating current is that Here
current whose magnitude changes continuously with time
/ = instantaneous value of a.c. at any instant t
and direction reverses periodically. In contrast to it, a
r
direct current is that current zvhich flows with a constant 6
ou
ad
L=-^ = peak or maximum value of a.c. and is
magnitude in the same direction, as shown in Fig. 7.1. 0 ^ y
Y
I L
called current amplitude.
Direct current
Amplitude. The maximum value attained by an alter
nd
Re
nating current in either direction is called its amplitude or
^Alternating current peak value and is denoted by 7^.
Fi
T
Time period. The time taken by an alternating current
0
to complete one cycle of its variations is called its time
period and is denoted by T. This time is equal to the
time taken by the coil to complete one rotation in the
magnetic field. As angular velocity of the coil is co
Fig. 7.1 Alternating and direct currents. and its angular displacement in one complete cycle is 2 7t,
so
We know that when a coil is rotated in a magnetic
field, an alternating emf is induced in it, which is given Angular displacement in a complete cycle
by the relation: Time period =
Angular velocity
€ =Eg sin cof
2 71
Suppose this emf is applied to a circuit of resistance or T= —
R. Then by ohm's law, the current in the circuit will be CO
(7.1)
