JNTUK R20 B.

Tech I - I Sem1

PPSC LAB MANUAL

Week 1
1.Write a C program to print a block F using hash (#), where the F has a height of six
characters and width of five and four characters.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("######\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#####\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
return(0);
}
Output:
#####
#
#
#####
#
#
#

2. Write a C program to compute the perimeter and area of a rectangle with a height
of 7 inches. and width of 5 inches
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
/* height and width of a rectangle in inches */
int width;
int height;
int area;
int perimeter;
int main()
{
height = 7;
width = 5;
perimeter = 2*(height + width);
printf("Perimeter of the rectangle = %d inches\n", perimeter);
area = height * width;
printf("Area of the rectangle = %d square inches\n", area); 2
return(0);
}
Output:
Perimeter of the rectangle = 24 inches
Area of the rectangle = 35 square inches

3.Write a C program to display following variables.

program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 125, b = 12345;
long ax = 1234567890;
short s = 4043;
float x = 2.13459;
double dx = 1.1415927;
char c = 'W';
unsigned long ux = 2541567890;
printf("a + c = %d\n", a + c);
printf("x + c = %f\n", x + c);
printf("dx + x = %f\n", dx + x);
printf("((int) dx) + ax = %ld\n", ((int) dx) + ax);
printf("a + x = %f\n", a + x);
printf("s + b = %d\n", s + b);
printf("ax + b = %ld\n", ax + b);
printf("s + c = %hd\n", s + c);
printf("ax + c = %ld\n", ax + c);
printf("ax + ux = %lu\n", ax + ux);
return 0;
}
Output:
a + c = 212
x + c = 89.134590
dx + x = 3.276183
((int) dx) + ax = 1234567891
a + x = 127.134590
s + b = 16388
ax + b = 1234580235
s + c = 4130
ax + c = 1234567977
ax + ux = 3776135780
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Week 2 3
1.Write a C program to calculate the distance between the two points.
Note: x1, y1, x2, y2 are all double values.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
float x1, y1, x2, y2, gdistance;
printf("Input x1: ");
scanf("%f", &x1);
printf("Input y1: ");
scanf("%f", &y1);
printf("Input x2: ");
scanf("%f", &x2);
printf("Input y2: ");
scanf("%f", &y2);
gdistance = ((x2-x1)*(x2-x1))+((y2-y1)*(y2-y1));
printf("Distance between the said points: %.4f", sqrt(gdistance));
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output:
Input x1: 25
Input y1: 15
Input x2: 35
Input y2: 10
Distance between the said points: 11.1803

2. Write a C program that accepts 4 integers p, q, r, s from the user where q, r and s
are positive and p is even. If q is greater than r and s is greater than p and if the sum
of r and s is greater than the sum of p and q print "Correct values", otherwise print
"Wrong values".
program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int p, q, r, s;
printf("\nInput the first integer: ");
scanf("%d", &p);
 4
printf("\nInput the second integer: ");
scanf("%d", &q);
printf("\nInput the third integer: ");
scanf("%d", &r);
printf("\nInput the fourth integer: ");
scanf("%d", &s);

if((q > r) && (s > p) && ((r+s) > (p+q)) && (r > 0) && (s > 0) && (p%2 == 0))
{
printf("\nCorrect values\n");
}
else {
printf("\nWrong values\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Input the first integer: 25

Input the second integer: 35

Input the third integer: 15

Input the fourth integer: 46

Wrong values
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 3
1.Write a C program to convert a string to a long integer.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
char buffer[] = "2016 40a0b0 -1101110100110111100110 0x5abfff";
char * ptr_end;
long int i1, i2, i3, i4;

i1 = strtol (buffer,&ptr_end,10);
i2 = strtol (ptr_end,&ptr_end,16);
i3 = strtol (ptr_end,&ptr_end,2);
i4 = strtol (ptr_end,NULL,0);
printf ("\nIn decimals: %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld.\n\n", i1, i2, i3, i4);
return 0; 5
}

Output: In decimals: 2016, 4235440, -3624422, 5947391.

2. Write a program in C which is a Menu-Driven Program to compute the area of the

various geometrical shape.
program:
#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{
int choice,r,l,w,b,h;
float area;
printf("Input 1 for area of circle\n");
printf("Input 2 for area of rectangle\n");
printf("Input 3 for area of triangle\n");
printf("Input your choice : ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf("Input radious of the circle : ");
scanf("%d",&r);
area=3.14*r*r;
break;
case 2:
printf("Input length and width of the rectangle : ");
scanf("%d%d",&l,&w);
area=l*w;
break;
case 3:
printf("Input the base and hight of the triangle :");
scanf("%d%d",&b,&h);
area=.5*b*h;
break;
}
printf("The area is : %f\n",area);
}
Output:
Input 1 for area of circle
Input 2 for area of rectangle
Input 3 for area of triangle
Input your choice : 1
Input radious of the circle : 5 6
The area is : 78.500000

3.Write a c program to calculate the factorial of a given number

program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num,i;
long int fact;

printf("Enter an integer number: ");

scanf("%d",&num);

/*product of numbers from num to 1*/

fact=1;
for(i=num; i>=1; i--)
fact=fact*i;

printf("\nFactorial of %d is = %ld",num,fact);

return 0;
}
Output:
Enter an integer number: 7

Factorial of 7 is = 5040
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 4
1.Write a program in C to display the n terms of even natural number and their sum
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,sum=0;

printf("Input number of terms : ");

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nThe even numbers are :");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("%d ",2*i);
sum+=2*i;
}
 printf("\nThe Sum of even Natural Number upto %d terms : %d \n",n,sum); 7
}

Output:
Input number of terms : 5

The even numbers are :2 4 6 8 10

The Sum of even Natural Number upto 5 terms : 30

2. Write a program in C to display the n terms of harmonic series and their sum. The
series is : 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 ... 1/n terms
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n;
float s=0.0;
printf("Input the number of terms : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(i<n)
{
printf("1/%d + ",i);
s+=1/(float)i;
}
if(i==n)
{
printf("1/%d ",i);
s+=1/(float)i;
}
}
printf("\nSum of Series upto %d terms : %f \n",n,s);
}
Output:
Input the number of terms : 5

1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5

Sum of Series upto 5 terms : 2.283334

3. write a program in c to check a no is armstrong or not.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
 void main() 8
{

int number, sum = 0, rem = 0, cube = 0, temp;

printf ("enter a number");
scanf("%d", &number);
temp = number;
while (number != 0)
{
rem = number % 10;
cube = pow(rem, 3);
sum = sum + cube;
number = number / 10;
}
if (sum == temp)
printf ("The given no is armstrong no");
else
printf ("The given no is not a armstrong no");
}
Output:
Enter a number:153
The given num is Armstrong num.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 5
1. Write a program in C to print all unique elements in an array.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[5],i;
clrscr();
printf(“enter the array elements”);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&arr[i]);
}
printf(“the invidual array elements are:\n”);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf(“arr[%d]=%d\n”,i,arr[i]);
}
getch();
}
Output: 9
Enter the array elements:
3
4

5
6
7
The individual array elements are :
Arr[0]=3
Arr[1]=4
Arr[2]=5
Arr[3]=6
Arr[4]=7

2. Write a program in C to separate odd and even integers in separate arrays.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[10], arr2[10], arr3[10];
int i,j=0,k=0,n;

printf("\n\nSeparate odd and even integers in separate arrays:\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if (arr1[i]%2 == 0)
{
arr2[j] = arr1[i];
j++;
}
else
{
arr3[k] = arr1[i];
k++;
 } 10
}
printf("\nThe Even elements are : \n");
for(i=0;i<j;i++)
{

printf("%d ",arr2[i]);
}
printf("\nThe Odd elements are :\n");
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr3[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
Output:
Separate odd and even integers in separate arrays:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 25
element - 1 : 47
element - 2 : 42
element - 3 : 56
element - 4 : 32

The Even elements are :

42 56 32
The Odd elements are :
25 47

3. Write a program in C to sort elements of array in ascending order.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr1[100];
int n, i, j, tmp;
printf("\n\nsort elements of array in ascending order :\n ");
printf("----------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the size of array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
 { 11
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

{
for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if(arr1[j] <arr1[i])
{
tmp = arr1[i];
arr1[i] = arr1[j];
arr1[j] = tmp;
}
}
}
printf("\nElements of array in sorted ascending order:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr1[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output:
sort elements of array in ascending order :
----------------------------------------------
Input the size of array : 5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 2
element - 1 : 7
element - 2 : 4
element - 3 : 5
element - 4 : 9

Elements of array in sorted ascending order:

2 4 5 7 9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Week 6 12
1. Write a program in C for multiplication of two square Matrices.
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[50][50],brr1[50][50],crr1[50][50],i,j,k,r1,c1,r2,c2,sum=0;

printf("\n\nMultiplication of two Matrices :\n");

printf("----------------------------------\n");

printf("\nInput the rows and columns of first matrix : ");

scanf("%d %d",&r1,&c1);
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of second matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r2,&c2);
if(c1!=r2){
printf("Mutiplication of Matrix is not possible.");
printf("\nColumn of first matrix and row of second matrix must be same.");
}
else
{
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Input elements in the second matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&brr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe First matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
 for(j=0;j<c1;j++) 13
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);
}

printf("\nThe Second matrix is :\n");

for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
printf("%d\t",brr1[i][j]);
}

//multiplication of matrix
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
crr1[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<r1;i++) //row of first matrix
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++) //column of second matrix
{
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<c1;k++)
sum=sum+arr1[i][k]*brr1[k][j];
crr1[i][j]=sum;
}
}
printf("\nThe multiplication of two matrices is : \n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",crr1[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output:
Multiplication of two Matrices :
----------------------------------
Input the rows and columns of first matrix : 2 14
2

Input the rows and columns of second matrix : 2

2
Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4
Input elements in the second matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 5
element - [0],[1] : 6

element - [1],[0] : 7
element - [1],[1] : 8

The First matrix is :

1 2
3 4
The Second matrix is :

5 6
7 8
The multiplication of two matrices is :

19 22
43 50

2. Write a program in C to find transpose of a given matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()

{
int arr1[50][50],brr1[50][50],i,j,k=0,r,c;
printf("\n\nTranspose of a Matrix :\n");
printf("---------------------------\n");

printf("\nInput the rows and columns of the matrix : ");

scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
 { 15
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);
}

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
brr1[j][i]=arr1[i][j];
}
}

printf("\n\nThe transpose of a matrix is : ");

for(i=0;i<c;i++){
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<r;j++){
printf("%d\t",brr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

Output:
Transpose of a Matrix :
---------------------------

Input the rows and columns of the matrix : 2 2

Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4
The matrix is : 16

1 2
3 4

The transpose of a matrix is :

1 3
2 4

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 7
1. Write a program in C to search an element in a row wise and column wise sorted
matrix.
#include <stdio.h>
int searchElement(int arr2D[4][4], int n, int x)
{
int i = 0, j = n-1;
while ( i < n && j >= 0 )
{
if ( arr2D[i][j] == x )
{
printf("\nThe element Found at the position in the matrix is: %d, %d", i, j);
return 1;
}
if ( arr2D[i][j] < x )
j--;
else
i++;
}
printf("\nThe given element not found in the 2D array.");
return 0;
}

int main()
{
int arr2D[4][4] = { {15, 23, 31, 39},
{18, 26, 36, 43},
{25, 28, 37, 48},
{30, 34, 39, 50},
};
int i,j,v;
v=37;
//------------- print original array ------------------
 printf("The given array in matrix form is : \n"); 17
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
for (j=0;j<4;j++)
{
printf("%d ", arr2D[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
//------------------------------------------------------

printf("The given value for searching is: %d",v);

searchElement(arr2D, 4, v);
return 0;
}

Output:
The given array in matrix form is :
15 23 31 39
18 26 36 43
25 28 37 48
30 34 39 50
The given value for searching is: 37
The element Found at the position in the matrix is: 2, 2

2.Write a program in C to print individual characters of string in reverse order.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
char str[100]; /* Declares a string of size 100 */
int l,i;

printf("\n\nPrint individual characters of string in reverse order :\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the string : ");
fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);
l=strlen(str);
printf("The characters of the string in reverse are : \n");
for(i=l;i>=0;i--)
{
 printf("%c ", str[i]); 18
}
printf("\n");
}
Output:
Print individual characters of string in reverse order :
-----------------------------------------------------------
Input the string : w3resource.com
The characters of the string in reverse are :

m o c . e c r u o s e r 3 w
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 8
1. Write a program in C to compare two string without using string library functions.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define str_size 100 //Declare the maximum size of the string

void main()
{
char str1[str_size], str2[str_size];
int flg=0;

printf("\n\nCompare two string whether they are equal or not :\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the 1st string : ");
fgets(str1, sizeof str1, stdin);

printf("Input the 2nd string : ");

fgets(str2, sizeof str2, stdin);

int i=0;

/* Runs till both strings are equal */

while(str1[i] == str2[i])
{
if(str1[i] == '\0' || str2[i] == '\0')
break;

i++;
}
 if(str1[i-1] == '\0' && str2[i-1]=='\0') 19
flg=0;
else if(str1[i] > str2[i])
flg=1;
else if(str1[i] < str2[i])
flg=-1;

if(flg == 0)
{

printf("\nThe length of both strings are equal and \nalso both strings are equal.\n\n");
}
else if(flg == -1)
{
printf("\nThe length of the first string is smaller than second.\n\n");
}
else
{
printf("\nThe length of the first string is greater than second.\n\n");
}
}

Output:
Compare two string whether they are equal or not :
------------------------------------------------------
Input the 1st string : This is first string
Input the 2nd string : This is first string

The length of both strings are equal and

also both strings are equal.

2. Write a program in C to copy one string to another string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
char str1[100], str2[100];
int i;
 printf("\n\nCopy one string into another string :\n"); 20
printf("-----------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the string : ");
fgets(str1, sizeof str1, stdin);

/* Copies string1 to string2 character by character */

i=0;
while(str1[i]!='\0')
{

str2[i] = str1[i];
i++;
}

//Makes sure that the string is NULL terminated

str2[i] = '\0';

printf("\nThe First string is : %s\n", str1);

printf("The Second string is : %s\n", str2);
printf("Number of characters copied : %d\n\n", i);
}
Output:
Copy one string into another string :
-----------------------------------------
Input the string : This is a string to be copied.

The First string is : This is a string to be copied.

The Second string is : This is a string to be copied.

Number of characters copied : 31

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 9
1. Write c program to store information using structures with dynamic memory
allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

struct course
{
int marks;
char subject[30];
};
int main() 21
{
struct course *ptr;
int i, noOfRecords;
printf("Enter number of records: ");
scanf("%d", &noOfRecords);

// Allocates the memory for noOfRecords structures with pointer ptr pointing to the base
address.

ptr = (struct course*) malloc (noOfRecords * sizeof(struct course));

for(i = 0; i < noOfRecords; ++i)

{
printf("Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:\n");
scanf("%s %d", &(ptr+i)->subject, &(ptr+i)->marks);
}

printf("Displaying Information:\n");

for(i = 0; i < noOfRecords ; ++i)

printf("%s\t%d\n", (ptr+i)->subject, (ptr+i)->marks);

return 0;
}

Output:
Enter number of records: 2
Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:
Programming
22
Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:
Structure
33

Displaying Information:
Programming 22
Structure 33

2. Write a program in C to demonstrate how to handle the pointers in the program.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int* ab; 22
int m;
m=29;
printf("\n\n Pointer : How to handle the pointers in the program :\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Here in the declaration ab = int pointer, int m= 29\n\n");

printf(" Address of m : %p\n",&m);

printf(" Value of m : %d\n\n",m);
ab=&m;

printf(" Now ab is assigned with the address of m.\n");

printf(" Address of pointer ab : %p\n",ab);
printf(" Content of pointer ab : %d\n\n",*ab);
m=34;
printf(" The value of m assigned to 34 now.\n");
printf(" Address of pointer ab : %p\n",ab);
printf(" Content of pointer ab : %d\n\n",*ab);
*ab=7;
printf(" The pointer variable ab is assigned the value 7 now.\n");
printf(" Address of m : %p\n",&m);//as ab contain the address of m
//so *ab changed the value of m and now m become 7
printf(" Value of m : %d\n\n",m);
return 0;
}

Output:
Pointer : How to handle the pointers in the program :
------------------------------------------------------------
Here in the declaration ab = int pointer, int m= 29

Address of m : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Value of m : 29

Now ab is assigned with the address of m.

Address of pointer ab : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Content of pointer ab : 29

The value of m assigned to 34 now.

Address of pointer ab : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Content of pointer ab : 34

The pointer variable ab is assigned the value 7 now.

 Address of m : 0x7fff24a3f8bc 23
Value of m : 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 10
1. Write a program in C to demonstrate the use of & (address of) and *(value at
address) operator.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
//normal variable

int num = 100;

//pointer variable
int *ptr;

//pointer initialization
ptr = &num;

//printing the value

printf("value of num = %d\n", *ptr);

//printing the addresses

printf("Address of num: %x\n", &num);
printf("Address of ptr: %x\n", &ptr);

return 0;
}
Output:
value of num = 100
Address of num: 9505c134
Address of ptr: 9505c138
2. Write a program in C to add two numbers using pointers
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int x=10,y=20,*p1,*p2,z;
p1=&x;
p2=&y;
Z=(*p1)+(*p2);
printf(“addition of two pointers is z=%d”,z); 24
getch();
}

Output :
addition of two pointers is 30.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 11
1.Write a program in C to add numbers using call by reference .
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
long addTwoNumbers(long *, long *);

int main()
{
long fno, sno, *ptr, *qtr, sum;

printf("\n\n Pointer : Add two numbers using call by reference:\n");

printf("-------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf(" Input the first number : ");

scanf("%ld", &fno);
printf(" Input the second number : ");
scanf("%ld", &sno);
sum = addTwoNumbers(&fno, &sno);
printf(" The sum of %ld and %ld is %ld\n\n", fno, sno, sum);
return 0;
}
long addTwoNumbers(long *n1, long *n2)
{
long sum;
sum = *n1 + *n2;
return sum;
}
Output:
Pointer : Add two numbers using call by reference:
-------------------------------------------------------
Input the first number : 5
Input the second number : 6
The sum of 5 and 6 is 11
2. Write a program in C to find the largest element using Dynamic Memory 25
Allocation
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i,n;
float *element;
printf("\n\n Pointer : Find the largest element using Dynamic Memory Allocation :\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input total number of elements(1 to 100): ");
scanf("%d",&n);
element=(float*)calloc(n,sizeof(float)); // Memory is allocated for 'n' elements

if(element==NULL)
{
printf(" No memory is allocated.");
exit(0);
}
printf("\n");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{
printf(" Number %d: ",i+1);
scanf("%f",element+i);
}
for(i=1;i<n;++i)
{
if(*element<*(element+i))
*element=*(element+i);
}
printf(" The Largest element is : %.2f \n\n",*element);
return 0;
}

Output:
Pointer : Find the largest element using Dynamic Memory Allocation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Input total number of elements(1 to 100): 5

Number 1: 5
Number 2: 7
Number 3: 2
 Number 4: 9 26
Number 5: 8
The Largest element is : 9.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 12
1. Write a program in C to swap elements using call by reference .
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
main()
{
int x,y;
clrscr();
printf(“enter x,y values:”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&x,&y);
swap(&x,&y);
getch();
}

swap(int *a,int *b)

{
int t;
t=*a;
*a=*b;
*b=t;
}

2. Write a program in C to count the number of vowels and consonants in a string

using a pointer
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char s[1000];
int i,vowels=0,consonants=0;

printf("Enter the string : ");

gets(s);

for(i=0;s[i];i++)
{
 if((s[i]>=65 && s[i]<=90)|| (s[i]>=97 && s[i]<=122)) 27
{

if(s[i]=='a'|| s[i]=='e'||s[i]=='i'||s[i]=='o'||s[i]=='u'||s[i]=='A'||s[i]=='E'||s[i]=='I'||s[i]=='O'
||s[i]=='U')
vowels++;
else
consonants++;
}

printf("vowels = %d\n",vowels);
printf("consonants = %d\n",consonants);

return 0;
}

Output:
Enter the string : hello world
vowels = 3
consonants = 7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 13
1. Write a program in C to show how a function returning pointer .
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int a=5;
printf(“a=%d\n”,a);
inc(&a);
printf(“a=%d\n”,a);
}
inc(int *a)
{
a=a+1;
printf(“a=%d\n”,a);
}

2. Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this

program, allocate memory dynamically using malloc( ) function.
program: 28
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int n, i, *ptr, sum = 0;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

ptr = (int*) malloc(n * sizeof(int));

// if memory cannot be allocated

if(ptr == NULL)
{

printf("Error! memory not allocated.");

exit(0);
}

printf("Enter elements: ");

for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
scanf("%d", ptr + i);
sum += *(ptr + i);
}

printf("Sum = %d", sum);

// deallocating the memory

free(ptr);

return 0;
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 14
1. Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this
program, allocate memory dynamically using calloc( ) function. Understand the
difference between the above two programs

program:
#include <stdio.h> 29
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int n, i, *ptr, sum = 0;
printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

ptr = (int*) calloc(n, sizeof(int));

if(ptr == NULL)
{
printf("Error! memory not allocated.");
exit(0);
}

printf("Enter elements: ");

for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
scanf("%d", ptr + i);
sum += *(ptr + i);
}

printf("Sum = %d", sum);

free(ptr);
return 0;
}

2. Write a program in C to convert decimal number to binary number using the

function
program:
#include<stdio.h>
long toBin(int);
int main()
{
long bno;
int dno;
printf("\n\n Function : convert decimal to binary :\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input any decimal number : ");
scanf("%d",&dno);
bno = toBin(dno);
printf("\n The Binary value is : %ld\n\n",bno);
 return 0; 30
}

long toBin(int dno)

{
long bno=0,remainder,f=1;
while(dno != 0)
{
remainder = dno % 2;
bno = bno + remainder * f;
f = f * 10;
dno = dno / 2;
}
return bno;
}

Output:
Function : convert decimal to binary :
-------------------------------------------
Input any decimal number : 65

The Binary value is : 1000001

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 15
1. Write a program in C to check whether a number is a prime number or not using
the function.
program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int num,res=0;
clrscr();
printf("\nENTER A NUMBER: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
res=prime(num);
if(res==0)
printf("\n%d IS A PRIME NUMBER",num);
else
printf("\n%d IS NOT A PRIME NUMBER",num);
getch();
}
int prime(int n) 31
{
int i;
for(i=2;i<=n/2;i++)
{
if(n%i!=0)
continue;
else
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
enter a number:5
5 is a prime numer.

2. Write a program in C to get the largest element of an array using the function
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100

int findMaxElem(int []);

int n;

int main()
{
int arr1[MAX],mxelem,i;
printf(" Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf(" Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(" element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
mxelem=findMaxElem(arr1);

printf(" The largest element in the array is : %d\n\n",mxelem);

return 0;
}
int findMaxElem(int arr1[]) 32
{
int i=1,mxelem;
mxelem=arr1[0];
while(i < n)
{
if(mxelem<arr1[i])
mxelem=arr1[i];
i++;
}
return mxelem;
}

Output:
Function : get largest element of an array :
-------------------------------------------------
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 1
element - 1 : 2
element - 2 : 3
element - 3 : 4
element - 4 : 5
The largest element in the array is : 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Week 16
1.Write a program in C to append multiple lines at the end of a text file.
program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
FILE * fptr;
int i,n;
char str[100];
char fname[20];
char str1;

printf("\n\n Append multiple lines at the end of a text file :\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the file name to be opened : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
fptr = fopen(fname, "a");
 printf(" Input the number of lines to be written : "); 33
scanf("%d", &n);
printf(" The lines are : \n");
for(i = 0; i < n+1;i++)
{
fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);
fputs(str, fptr);
}
fclose (fptr);
//----- Read the file after appended -------
fptr = fopen (fname, "r");
printf("\n The content of the file %s is :\n",fname);
str1 = fgetc(fptr);
while (str1 != EOF)
{
printf ("%c", str1);
str1 = fgetc(fptr);
}
printf("\n\n");
fclose (fptr);
//------- End of reading ------------------
return 0;
}
Output:
Append multiple lines at the end of a text file :
------------------------------------------------------
Input the file name to be opened : test.txt
Input the number of lines to be written : 3
The lines are :
test line 5
test line 6
test line 7

The content of the file test.txt is :

test line 1
test line 2
test line 3
test line 4

test line 5
test line 6
test line 7
2. Write a program in C to copy a file in another name. 34
program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
FILE *fptr1, *fptr2;
char ch, fname1[20], fname2[20];

printf("\n\n Copy a file in another name :\n");

printf("----------------------------------\n");

printf(" Input the source file name : ");

scanf("%s",fname1);

fptr1=fopen(fname1, "r");
if(fptr1==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not found or error in opening.!!");
exit(1);
}
printf(" Input the new file name : ");
scanf("%s",fname2);
fptr2=fopen(fname2, "w");
if(fptr2==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not found or error in opening.!!");
fclose(fptr1);
exit(2);
}
while(1)
{
ch=fgetc(fptr1);
if(ch==EOF)
{
break;
}
else
{
fputc(ch, fptr2);

}
 } 35
printf(" The file %s copied successfully in the file %s. \n\n",fname1,fname2);
fclose(fptr1);
fclose(fptr2);
getchar();
}
Output:
Copy a file in another name :
----------------------------------
Input the source file name : test.txt
Input the new file name : test1.txt
The file test.txt copied successfully in the file test1.txt.

3. Write a program in C to remove a file from the disk .

program:
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int status;
char fname[20];
printf("\n\n Remove a file from the disk :\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the name of file to delete : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
status=remove(fname);
if(status==0)
{
printf(" The file %s is deleted successfully..!!\n\n",fname);
}
else
{
printf(" Unable to delete file %s\n\n",fname);
}
}

Output:
Remove a file from the disk :
----------------------------------
Input the name of file to delete : test.txt
The file test.txt is deleted successfully..!!
************************ PPSC LAB COMPLETED************************