Content
1. Process Management
2. File Management
3. Network Management
4. Main Memory management
5. Secondary Storage Management
6. I/O Device Management
7. Security Management
8. Command Interpreter System
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1. Process Management:
The process management component is a procedure for managing many
processes running simultaneously on the operating system. Every running
software application program has one or more processes associated with them.
For example, when you use a search engine like Chrome, there is a process
running for that browser program.
2. File Management:
A file is a set of related information defined by its creator. It commonly
represents programs (both source and object forms) and data. Data files can be
alphabetic, numeric, or alphanumeric.
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3.Network Management:
Network management is the process of administering and managing computer
networks. It includes performance management, provisioning of networks, fault
analysis, and maintaining the quality of service.
3. Main Memory management:
Main memory is a large array of storage or bytes, which has an address. The
memory management process is conducted by using a sequence of reads or
writes of specific memory addresses.
4. Secondary Storage Management:
The most important task of a computer system is to execute programs.
Theseprograms help you to access the data from the main memory during
execution. This memory of the computer is very small to store all data and
programs permanently. Thecomputer system offers secondary storage to back up
the main memory
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5. I/O Device Management:
One of the important uses of an operating system that helps to hide the
variations of specific hardware devices from the user.
6. Security Management:
The various processes in an operating system need to be secured from other
activities. Therefore, various mechanisms can ensure those processes that want
to operate files, memory CPU, and other hardware resources should have proper
authorization from the operating system.
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7. Command Interpreter System:
A command interpreter is the part of a computer operating system that
understands and executes commands that are entered interactively by a human
being or from a program. In some operating systems, the command interpreter is
called the shell.
Process Management
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection
with process management:
• Create, load, execute, suspend, resume, and terminate processes.
• Switch system among multiple processes in main memory.
• Provides communication mechanisms so that processes can communicate with
each other’s
• Provides synchronization mechanisms to control concurrent access to shared
data to keep shared data consistent.
• Allocate/de-allocate resources properly to prevent or avoid deadlock situation.
I/O Device Management
Following are the tasks of I/O Device Management component:
• Hide the details of H/W devices
• Manage main memory for the devices using cache, buffer, and spooling
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• Maintain and provide custom drivers for each device.
File Management
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection
with file management:
• File creation and deletion
• Directory creation and deletion
• The support of primitives for manipulating files and directories
• Mapping files onto secondary storage
• File backup on stable (nonvolatile) storage media
Network Management
Following are the features of network management:
• Network administration
• Network maintenance
• Network operation
• Network provisioning
• Network security
Main Memory Management
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections
with memory management:
• Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom.
• Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes available.
• Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed.
Secondary Storage Management
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection
with disk management:
• Free space management
• Storage allocation
• Disk scheduling
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Security Management
operating system is primarily responsible for all task and activities happen in the
computer
system. The various processes in an operating system must be protected from each
other’s activities. For that purpose, various mechanisms which can be used to ensure
that the files, memory segment, CPU and other resources can be operated on only by
those processes that have gained proper authorization from the operating system.
Command Interpreter System
One of the most important components of an operating system is its command
interpreter. The command interpreter is the primary interface between the user
and the rest of the system.
Command Interpreter System executes a user command by calling one or more
number of underlying system programs or system calls.
Other Important Activities
An Operating System is a complex Software System. Apart from the
above-mentioned components and responsibilities, there are many
other activities performed by the Operating System. Few of them are
listed below:
• Security − By means of password and similar other techniques, it
prevents unauthorized access to programs and data.
• Control over system performance − Recording delays between
request for a service and response from the system.
• Job accounting − Keeping track of time and resources used by
various jobs and users.
• Error detecting aids − Production of dumps, traces, error messages,
and other debugging and error detecting aids.
• Coordination between other software’s and users − Coordination
and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other
software to the various users of the computer systems
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