Lecture-01
Eng. Manoj Jayasekara
[B.Tech.(Hons).Eng.(OUSL), AM(IESL), AM(ECSL)]
Lecturer (Probationary)
Method of Assessment
Continuous Assessment : 50%
Manual Drawing Assignment (7) : 35%
CAD Drawing Assignment (3) : 15%
Semester End Examination (Manual Drawing) : 50%
Attendance Minimum 80% (Compulsory)
Why do you need Drawing?
Communication
Learning
Planning
Designing
Problem-Solving
Creativity
Technical Drawings
It known as drafting, is the process of creating details and precise
diagrams or plans to present information about a product or
structure.
Essential Field,
Engineering (Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Etc.)
Architecture
Types of Drawings -1
Orthographic Drawing
Isometric Drawing
Sectional Drawing
Detail Drawing
Electrical Schematic
Welding Symbols
Exploded Assembly Drawing
Architectural Drawing
Orthographic Drawing
These are also known as multi view drawings.
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawings are 3D pictorial representations of an object.
Sectional Drawing
Sectional drawings show a detailed view of an object as if it has been sliced in
half or cut along a specific plane.
Detail Drawing
Detail drawings provide enlarged views of specific parts of a component or
assembly.
Electrical Schematic
Electrical schematics are used to represent the electrical connections and
components in a system.
Welding Symbols
Welding symbols are used to communicate the details of how welds are to be
made on a component or assembly.
Exploded Assembly Drawing
Exploded assembly drawings show how the individual parts of an assembly fit together.
The parts are shown slightly separated from each other to make it clear how they are
assembled.
Architectural Drawing
Types of Drawings-2
You can hear this name of drawing in industrial
Tender Drawing
Shop Drawing/Construction Drawing/Fabrication Drawings
As built Drawing
Tender Drawing
It is used by the client. Mainly client is government party
sometimes it can be privet sector. Before starting the project client
make a specification, Employer requirement and drawings to
proceed tender.
This drawing is called tender drawings. It is not 100% correct.
Ex: Make a new highway project
Client is RDA(Road Development Authority)
Shop Drawing/Construction
Drawing/Fabrication Drawing
After Tender process, client selected suitable contractor to doing
the project. Then Contractor draw correct project drawing and
submit to the client and get approval for starting the project.
This drawing is called Shop Drawing or Construction Drawing or
Fabrication Drawing
As built Drawing
When doing the project sometimes some changes can include the
project. Therefore after the project, the contractor should submit
drawing to the client with corrections.
This drawing is called As built drawing. It is a final drawing and It
should be 100% correct.
Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)
AutoCAD (Civil, Mechanical, Electrical)
Autodesk Revit (Civil)
SketchUp (Civil)
Sap2000 (Civil)
Solidworks (Mechanical)
Solid Edge (Mechanical)
Fusion 360 (Mechanical)
Autodesk Inventor (Mechanical)
Etc.
Drawing Instruments
Drawing board & T-square.
Drawing sheet/paper.
Set-squares/triangles.
Compass and divider.
Protractor.
Engineers’ Ruler / Architectural Ruler.
Pencils.
Eraser.
Sharpener.
Paper Clips
Drawing Tube
Drawing board & T-square
Drawing sheet/paper
Set-squares/triangles
Compass and divider
Protractor
Engineers’ Ruler / Architectural Ruler
Pencils
Eraser Sharpener Paper Clips
Drawing Tube
A B
Drawing board & T-square are given to all students for practical
and exam by the University.
One set of set-squares/triangles, compass and divider box,
Protractor, Architectural ruler are given two student for Practical
and exam by the university.
Drawing sheet (A2), Ruler (400mm), Pencils,
Eraser, Sharpener, Paper Clips & Drawing tube
should be brought by the all students for the
practical.
Symbolic Lines
Lines
For general engineering drawings, various types of lines are recommended. Each line
has a specific meaning and function.
The recommended ratio of thickness of thick to thin line is at least 2:1
Precedence of Lines,
1. When a Visible Line coincides with a Hidden Line or Center Line, draw the Visible
Line. Also, extend the Center Line beyond the outlines of the view.
2. When a Hidden Line coincides with a Center Line, draw the Hidden Line.
3. When a Visible Line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Visible Line.
4. When a Center line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Center Line and
show the Cutting Plane line outside the outlines of the view at the ends of the Center
Line by thick dashes.
Dimensions
These are provided through the distances between the surfaces,
location of holes, nature of surface finish, type of material, etc.
The same unit of measurement (i.e. millimeter's) is adopted for
all dimensioning but without showing the unit symbol.
Unit symbol on a drawing is shown in a note [ALL DIMENSIONS
ARE IN mm]
But, mainly Architectural drawing use unit of the feet-inch (Ex-
House Plan)
Principles of Dimensioning
Some of the basic principles of dimensioning are given below.
All dimensional information necessary to describe a component clearly and completely
shall be written directly on a drawing.
Each feature shall be dimensioned once only on a drawing, i.e., the dimension marked in
one view need not be repeated in another view.
Dimension should be placed on the view where the shape is best seen.
As far as possible, dimensions should be expressed in one unit only preferably in
millimeters, without showing the unit symbol (mm).
As far as possible dimensions should be placed outside the view.
Dimensions should be taken from visible outlines rather than from hidden lines.
Representation of Materials
Drawing Margins & Title Block
Title Block
Lettering
Writing of titles, dimensions, notes and other important particulars on a
drawing is lettering
Classification:
Single-stroke Letters:
The thickness of the line of the letter is obtained in one stroke of the pencil.
It has two types:
Vertical
Inclined (slope 75° with the horizontal)
The ratio of height to width varies but in most of the cases it is 6:5.
Lettering is generally done in capital letters.
The lower-case letters are generally used in architectural drawings.
Notes
Dimension
Title Block
Height & Width of Letters
Spacing
Leave the Space between words equal to the space requires for
writing a letter “O”
