19EEC236 Analog and Digital Communications
Dr. Manoj Kumar Panda
Introduction
Textbooks:
[1] Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, Introduction to Analog and
Digital Communications, 2/e Wiley, 2007.
[2] P. Rama Krishna Rao, Analog Communication 1/e, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2011.
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems
What is communication?
What are its essential elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems
Modulation
What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?
Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost
Different Modulation Schemes
What is Communication?
It is the transmission of information from one location to another
In communications engineering information means that which reduces
uncertainty about the outcome of some random variable or process
You will learn more about this in Information Theory and Coding
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems
What is communication?
What are the elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems
Modulation
What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?
Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost
Different Modulation Schemes
Elements of a Communication System
Information Source: produces information in the form of speech, music, images,
videos, text, numbers, etc., which is converted into electrical signals by a transducer
Elements of a Communication System
Transmitter: puts this information-bearing electrical signals or message into a form
that is suitable for transmission over the channel
Must t the signal into the available channel
Channel: carries the output signal of the transmitter to the receiver, e.g., wired or
wireless
Impairments introduced by the channel include attenuation, distortion due
to limited bandwidth and interference, and noise
Receiver: undoes the impairments introduced by the channel and tries to recover
the best estimate of the transmitted signal
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems
What is communication?
What are the elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems
Modulation
What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?
Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost
Different Modulation Schemes
Modulation
Information-bearing signals cannot be transmitted directly
A preprocessing stage called modulation is required to make the information-
bearing signals suitable for transmission on the channel
Modulation enables multiplexing and demultiplexing
Modulation reduces antenna size
Modulation helps hardware implementation
Outline of the Course
Communication Systems
What is communication?
What are the elements of a communication system?
Analog Vs. Digital Communication Systems
Modulation
What is modulation?
Why is modulation required?
Trade-offs: Robustness Against Noise vs. Power Ef ciency vs. Bandwidth Ef ciency vs.
Cost
Different Modulation Schemes
Di erent Modulation Schemes
Analog Continuous Wave (CW) Modulation
amplitude, frequency and phase
Analog Pulse Modulation
amplitude, width and position
Digital Pulse Modulation
PCM, DM, DPCM
Digital Modulation
amplitude, frequency, phase, etc.
