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44 views10 pagesVectors
best notes for class 12
Uploaded by
Rahul DhakadCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 10
UNIT-IV : VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
Cy
at
VECTORS
| > Vectors and Sealars, Magnitude and direction of a vector Direction cosines and direction ratios of a
vector , Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point,
negative ofa vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication ofa vector by a scalar,
pasition vector of apoint dividing a line segment in agiven ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation,
properties and application of scalar (det) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors.
STAND ALONE MCQs
Q.1.1fobetheangle botwoon two vectors # and, then
ab 20 only when
(a) o ia? +200 +
+2 42%afoose
1
* oxo = -}
a
= o-%
So that, + sa unit vector if @= 2% Q.3. The value of i(jxk)+ ji xk)+ kai j)is.
ao @) a
oO os
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Fspianation:
1Gxkysjdxdvekdch = a ceke
1-jj1
1st
=I
Q.4.1F isthe angle between any eo vectors & and B,
then |éi] =|ée) when 8 equal to
wo (8) a
of m«
‘Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Let @ be the angle between two}
vectors and &
‘Then, without loss of generality, 4 and # are
Q.5.L0t the vectors a and B be such that {é|=3and
g)-2
=~, then ax is a unit vector, if the angle
Bihan eh
between # and Bis
we et
® x
oF Ms
‘Ans, Option (B) is correct.
Fxplanation
Iti given that [l= 3 and
3
We know that x6 =jili|sin9 fi, where itis a]
unit veetor perpenalicular to both a and i and
isthe angle between # and b.
Now, a6 is a unit vector if
Q.6.Area of a rectangle having vertices A, B, Cand D
wih potion vo Ft joak, Fado
A-Pjeai and iJ), cepectvely is
ws 1
(oa (D4
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation : The postion vectors of vertices A,
3B, Cand Dot rectangle ABCD are given as
Of =i+-jek
age
OF =ishj+ak,
jak,
oD
Te
Aj sak
al
[The adjacent sides AB and BCof the given
rectangle are given as
AB = (+14
‘Now, itis known that the area of parallelograra|
whose adjacent ses are # and is therefore, the aren of the given recangle is
Bx BC] 25q units
7.16 & isa non-zero vector of magnitude ‘o! and ha
non-zero scalar then Aa is unit vector if
wr @) A=4
1
On =)
‘Ans. Option (D)
Fxplanation
Vector Aa isa unit vector if
pa) ea
= ond
A
Therefore, vector 4a isa unit vector if @
a,
Ay
Q.8.1F @ and Fare two collinear vectors, then which of
the following are incorrect
(i
(6) =a
(©) the respective components of @ and & ate not
proportional
{D) both the vectors @ and Fhave same direction, but
ifeont mogoitades
‘Ans. Option (D
[Explanation
1E@ and Bare two collinear vectors, then they aro
parle
Therefore, we have
i aa
If4=41,thena = +b.
[a-ajtej}+qkand
z.
shjrnjehi=a(ai+e
forsome scalar
(or some sealar 3)
F+b,j +e,k then,
vad)
hbeb j+nk = Gays ay} (aagh
> b= Aa, b, = Aad, = Ay
5 AR,
So that, the respective components of
are proportional. However, vectors @ and i can!
have different directions.
Q.9.The vectorin the direction ofthe vector 4-2} +.2%
that has magnitude is
(ay fa} 28 @) iajeak
(0) 30-2}+28 (D9 -2} 128
Ans, Option (Cs coroct.
Explanation
Let a = f-a}eat
Any vector in the direction ofa vector is given
ie
H2} 42h
W+P+2
i-Gje 2k
3
Vector in the direction off with magnitude
- sioaisat
= 4-2} +2h)
Q. 10. The position vector of the point which divides the
join of points 2
‘Ans. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation
Let the position vector ofthe R divides the join of
points 24-36 and a+,
Ma+5) +41
341
Since, the position vector of a point R divi
the line segments joining the points P and Q.
whose position vectors are and qin the ration|
sm: niternaly is given by "EF
Position vector,
Q.11. The vector having initial and terminal points as
2,5, 0)and (3,7, 4), respectively is:
(ay 413} +4k (B) +2;
(Mek Dijk
Ans, Option (C)is comet.
Explanation:
Required vector = (-3-2)14(7 5} + (4 Ojk
= shaajeat
Q.12. The angle between two vectors # and b with
magnitudes 4 and 4, roepoctively, and b= 2/5
wy
w § ©; wo
Ans. Option (B) Is corroct.
[Given]
= Wie Sisco
See
avs
1
2
o-8
3
QL Find the value of 2 such thal the vectors
ae2i40}+8 and 5 -]+2}-+38 are orthogonal.
wo ca
3
> ©)
Ans, Option (D) is coreet.
Explanation
Since, two non-rero vectors @ and B are|
orthogonal, ie,
Qieaj+i.G42}+aby=0
Q.14. The value of 2 for which the veetors 31 -6)+8 and
2-4} are parallel is
“ cc
©; °
‘Ans, Option (A) is corect
Explanation
from origin to the points A and B are
i —a}42k and Bawiesj+i respectively,
then the aren of rangle OAR is
(A) 340, (B) V25
(c) VB
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation
2
a
=4) 902} ri]
Arce 048 =! arrATA
Va
[is-6-je-aekoso]
Q.16 For any vecior @ the value of (@xi}-4@<) P+
(xh? irequal
we
oar
‘Ans. Option (D) fs correc.
ho
(ws
fon
‘Ans Option (D) corel
Psplanation :
Here
(8) 38°
(D) oe
(8) 10
(D) 16
12 [Given] 12 = 10x2c00
Q.18. The vectors Ai+j+2k, i+aj-b and 2-j+7k
are coplanar. if
(r= @ r=0
@r=1 Mat
‘Ans, Option (A) is correct.
rsplanation stat B-Ais}o2k, B-f+aj—b
andé=2i
Q.19.1f 7,5 and Z are unit vectors such that #+6+2
then the value of @-5+5-2+2-i is
@i m3
o2 (© Ne oftee
‘Ans Option (C) core
Explanation :
Wehave dob
G+ b+eya+b+e) = 0
SS Pea bst+b a4 she
tase bed
> +B 4G 5 +b-242-a)
ba
abe
= T1912
Q.20.The projection vector of & and is
ne
a6
©
fi
Ans. Option (A) is correct
Explanation: Projection vector of @ on
by,
is given
Q.21.147, 8 and é arethrvevectorssuchthat #45426
and |i =2,|f)=3 ond (|=5, thon the value of
BBB 242.06
(ayo
719
‘Ans. Option (C) is correct
Fsplanation
Here, +6+2=Gand
. G+b42)-@4542)
a PiabsaebaB bere
(Bt
(D) 38
4,5°=9, 8 =25
j= 1 and 342, then the range of hal io
A) 1,8) ©) F281
(9 10,33] © 62)
Ans, Option (C) is correct.
Explanation:
Wehave, | =4and -35As2
nal = [ai at a
[pal =)o4=0,
at ano
and pra = 2
4s8
at ana
So, the range ofa is 0,12}.
Q.23, The number of vectors of unit length perpendicular
tothe vectors d= 2i+j+2k and b= j+k is
(A) one B) two
(©) three (D) infinite
‘Ans. Option (B) is comrect.
Explanation: The number of vectors of rit
length perpendicular to the vectors @ and B ise
(ay)
ia, 3=Haxd).
So, there will be two vectors of unit length|
perpendicular tothe vectors and b
Q.24, Which ofthe following statement is true,
(A) fand “i are collinear
() Two collinear vectors are always equal in
‘magnitude
{C) Two vectors having same magnitude are
collinear
{D) Two collinear vectors having the same
magnitude are equal
‘Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation :
(A) True
Vectors @ and —d are parallel to the same
line,
(B) False
Collinear vectors are those vectors that are
parallel to the same line.
(©) False
is not necessary for two vectors having the
same magnitude to be parallel to the seme
Tine,
(D) False
Two vectors are said to be equal if they
have the same magnitude and direction,
regardless of the positions of their initial
points
?) ASSERTION AND REASON BASED MCQs Gi Mark each)
Directions:tn the following questions A statment
of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as
(A) Both A and Rare irueand Risthecomect explanation
ofa
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
explanation of A
(©) Ais true but Ris false
(D) Ais false but Ris True
Q.1.Assertion (Aj: The postin of a particle in a
rectangular coordinate system is 2,5). Then its
postion vector be 24+3) +38
Rowe ner of dh pare
that moves irom point (2.3, 5) to point OG, 4,5)
ia}
‘Ans, Option (D) is corect.
(R): Thedixplacennent
| Explanation: Assertion (A) is wrong.
[the position of a partie in a rectangular
coordinate system is @, 2,5). Then its postion
vectorbe 31+2) +56
Reason () is cornet
[The displacement vector of the particle that
moves from point P(2, 3, 5) to point Q(3, 4,5)
=F +(4-3y)+6-9k
0.2. Assertion (A): The direction of cosines of vector
24 5
Reason (R}: A veetor having zero magnitude and
arbitrary direction is called “zero vector’ or ‘null
vector’
‘Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Assertion (A) is correc.
Direction cosines of A=2i+4)—S% are
2 4
PF Pr
¥ +5)
24 4
05 eee
"a5 Vas’ Vas
Q.3.Assertion (A): The vectors which can undergo
parallel displacement without changing its
‘magnitude and direction ate called frse vectors Reason (8):
Ans. Option (B) Is correct.
Explanation: Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
are individually correc.
Reason (R) is the distabutive property of dot
product
Q.4.Assetion (A): The area of parallelogram with
: aig.
Aingonals& and Bis } ar
Roason (R): If @ and # roprosont the adjacont
sides of tangle, then the rea of tangle can be
obtained by evaluating [tH
Ans. Option (C) is correct,
Explanation: If a and B represent the adjacent
sides of triangle, then the ara of range can
be obtained by evaluating 3 xi
Q.5.Amsertion (A For any two vectors @ and F, we
always have +8 <=)
Reason (R): The given inequality holds trivially
Oord
when either @ Ode, in such a case
law
Then consider
CASE-BASED MCQs
‘Attempt any four sub-parts from each question.
Each sub-part carries 1 mark.
1. Read the following fext and answer the following,
{questions on the basis of the sam
Solar Panels have to be installed carefully so that
the tlt of the roof, and the direction to the sun,
produce the largest possible electrical power in the
solar panels,
A surveyor uses his instrument to determine the
coordinates of the four comers of a roof where
solar panels are to be mounted. In the picture
suppose the points are Ibelled counter clockwis
from the roof comer nearest to the camera in units
So, le cckit fr # Of
Wa? +P +206
1? +2) fcose
Foros 8 1, wehave
2 lloos0-< 2a 2
or af +{5f° +214 [cose < fi? +5 +2)a |B]
aif < (ala
- lesa] < wisp]
‘Ans. Option (A) Is corroct
Explanation: Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both, |
are correct, Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
6 Awertion (A): The position vector of « point sty
Pa a2)'s GBaz= ve yjnrk and its magnitude
Reason (R): WU F=sh+y}+2h, then coefcient of
3, isin # ie, x,y, 2 are called the direction ratios
of vecto
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
[are individually correct.
‘of meters P,(6, 8, 4), P,21, 8, 4), P21, 16, 10) and
P46 16,10) IeBSE.OB-20211
(0.1. What ate the components tothe two edge vectors
detined by A = PvotP,-PVofP,and 3 = PV
P,=PVofP3? (where PV stands for postion vector)
(A) 0,0,15:0,8,6 8) 15,0, 6
(©) 08,620,015 (D) 15,0,026,8,8
Ans, Option () is corest.
Esplanaton:
A
V of P,~ PV of,
niles} +ah— (is steahy
+0} +08
PVo6 Py — PV oFP,
= 61.16} +1086 +8} +48)
iss} +6t
_ A(5,0,0) and (08,6) and
Q.2 Write the vector in standard notation with j,
i (whore j,} andi ae the unit vectors along the
three axes),
(A) 18 +0} +08, of+8}+6t
(©) 0i+0}+0k, of+8} 6k
(D) 151 +0}+08, si+sisok
Ans. Option (A) s correct.
(Q.3. What are the magnitudes of the vectors A and B
and in what units?
(ay 9,10
© 5,10
Ans. Option (C) is correct,
Explanation:
asp
1A
15 units
[B= or+e
= Vear36
= vio
= 10 units
8) 15,5
(D) 10,20
Q.4. What are the components to the vector N,
perpendicular to A and B and the surface of the
roo?
(a) 80,50
() -90, 100
‘Ans, Option (D) is comet.
rsplewation:
(B) 120,18,
(D) -%0,120
= -90} +1208;
0.5, What i the magnitude of fan in what units?
(A) 100 (B) 150
(9% m9
Ans, Option (B) is correct.
Explenation:
B ~ -s0}+100%
18 = Yoo? =c20F
= 1007 100
= ¥Z500
5H units
IT, Read the following text and answer the following.
‘questions on the basis of the same:
A dass XII student appearing for a competitive
‘examination was asked to attempt the following.
questions,
Let a, 8, and ¢ be three non zero vectors.
[CBSE QB 2021]
Q.4.1 Gand F are such that [2+ [=| 2-2 | then
wale @ aye
Oud (D) None of these
‘Ans, Option (A) is correct
Q.2.6 81-2}, Bais j438 thenevaluate 2048)
(a+) x@-23))
(ayo ws
(3 (Dy 2
‘Ans. Option (A) is correct.
i
' Pt
(a+b)x(a—26) =|3 a3
34 6
= (6+ 12)i-1
(2-38
189}
(a+iy=
= si-ajeak
(28 +8).(@ +6) x(@- 26)
= (41+3}+30)08%49}~15))
~n-7-45
<0
QAM Gand Fare unit vectors and @ be the angle
between them then [=i is
° °
(sing (B) sin?
a 8
(© 2005 (0) cos}
Ans. Option (B) is correct. Fsplanation:
la-5P = @-H@-H
af +|bP 27 Boose
41-200) c088
—2e0s0
= 2(1 cose)
@ -xbxe)
(ay 202)
(©) £406) () 240)
Ans, Option (C) is correct.
Q.5. The area of the parallelogram formed by # and
as diagonals is
(ay70 (8) 35
(D) 7
oy
‘Ans. Option (C) is correct.
IIL Read the following text and answer the following,
questions on the basis of the same:
ABCD is a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are
represented by the vectors # and 5}, Three of its
vertices are A(i, 2 3), B2, 0,5) and D-1, 4 1).
5, 6 e
a
Qu. the vector @ :
(ay jk Bi
(© i-aje2k
Ans. Option (C) iscorec.
Explanation:
OB-OA
(i +0} +58) -G+2}+38
= Taek
(Q.2, The length ofside CD is cits.
ws os
o> (6
‘Ans. Option (A) correct.
Explanation:
a-F
init
units
9, The diagonal 2 =
(ay Tes} est () isj-h
© - O73
‘Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Esplanation:
j-ajs2k
B = -tisaj—at
= a6
Q.4. The diagonal J =
w - ) -Ssajaat
(© is2)-k oi
‘Ans, Option (B) is correct.
Explanation:
~sisajak
Q.5. Area of ABCD sqqunits,
wes 4
oN (0) 16
Ans, Option (Cis comrect.
Explanation:
IV. Read the following text and answer the following,
{questions on the basis of the same:
‘The cross product of two veetors gives a vector
perpendicular to the plane containing the vectors, {isa unt vector porpendicuas
tothe plane defined by and 6,
Quix}
(Ay E
io
Ans: Option (A
| er)
(8) 0
(a
Ans. Option (C) is correct,
Explanation: j.(jxk)
.3. the anglebetwoon