Matrices

Case Study Based Questions

Case Study 1
A manufacturer produces three stationery products pencil, eraser and sharpener
which he sells in two markets. Annual sale is mentioned below:

If the unit sale price of pencil, eraser and sharpener are ₹ 3.50, 1.75 and ₹ 2.00
respectively, and unit cost of the above three commodities are 3.25, ₹ 1.50 and 0.75
respectively.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. Total revenue of market X is:

a. 64,000 b. 60,000

c. 79,000 d. 81,000

Q2. Total revenue of market Y is:

a. ₹ 35,000 b. 87,000

c. 53,000 d. 81,000

Q 3. Cost incurred in market X is:

a. ₹ 13,000 b. ₹ 30,100

c. ₹ 47,400 d. ₹ 63,750
Q4. Profit in markets X and Y respectively are:

a. ₹ 15,250 and ₹ 21,625

b. ₹ 17,000 and ₹ 15,000

c. ₹ 10,000 and ₹ 20,000

d. ₹ 51,000 and ₹ 71,000

Q5. Gross profit in both market is:

a. ₹ 23,000 b. ₹ 32,000

c. ₹ 36,875 d. ₹ 40,200

Solutions
1. Given data can be written in matrix form as below:
4.

∴ Total revenue of market X is ₹ 79,000 and cost incurred in market X is ₹ 63,750.

∴ Profit in market X = ₹ (79,000-63,750) = ₹ 15,250

∴ Total revenue of market Y is 87,000 and cost incurred in market Y is ₹ 65,375.

∴ Profit in market Y = ₹ (87,000 - 65,375) = ₹ 21,625

So, option (a) is correct.

5. Gross profit in both markets

= Profit in market X + Profit in market Y

= ₹ (15,250 + 21,625) = ₹ 36,875

So, option (c) is correct.

Case Study 2
Three schools A, B and C organised a mela for collecting funds for helping the
rehabilitation of flood victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and plates from
recycled material at a cost of ₹ 25, ₹ 100 and ₹ 50 each. The number of articles sold
are given:
Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. The fund collected by school A if they sold 45 hand-fans, 40 mats and 25 plates,
is:

a. ₹ 6,375 b. ₹ 14,000

c. ₹ 21,000 d. ₹ 18,000

Q2. The fund collected by school B and C is:

a. ₹ 14,000 b. ₹ 18,000

c. ₹ 21,000 d. ₹ 6,375

Q3. The total fund collected by all the schools is:

a. ₹ 6,375 b. ₹ 14,000

c. ₹ 18,000 d. ₹ 21,000

Q4. If the number of hand-fans and mats are interchanged for all the schools, what is
the total fund collected by all schools?

a. ₹ 21,000 b. ₹ 18,000

c. ₹ 14,000 d. ₹ 6,375

Q5. The total number of all articles sold is:

a. ₹ 230 b. ₹ 280

c. ₹ 330 d. ₹ 350

Solutions
1. As we have to find the funds collected by each school. We write table as:
Funds collected by schools A, B and C are ₹ 7,000, ₹ 6,125 and ₹ 7,875 respectively.

Fund collected by school A if they sold 45 hand-fans, 40 mats and 25 plates

= 45 × 25 + 40 × 100 + 25 × 50

= 1,125 + 4,000 + 1,250 = ₹ 6,375

So, option (a) is correct.

2. Fund collected by schools B and C

= 6,125 + 7,875 = ₹ 14,000

So, option (a) is correct.

3. Total fund collected by all the schools

= 7,000 + 6,125 + 7,875 = ₹ 21,000

So, option (d) is correct.

4. According to the given condition,

Total fund collected by all schools

= 6,250 + 5,000 + 6,750 = ₹ 18,000

So, option (b) is correct.

5. Total number of all articles sold

= (40 + 25 + 35) + (50 + 40 + 50) + (20 + 30 + 40)

= 330

So, option (c) is correct.

Case Study 3
Two farmers Ramakishan and Gurucharan Singh cultivate only three varieties of rice
namely Basmati, Permal and Naura. The sale (in rupees) of these varieties of rice by
both the farmers in the month of September and October are given by the following
matrices A and B.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. The total sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety can be
represented as:

a. A + B b. A - B

c. A > B d. A < B

Q2. What is the value of A23 ?

a. 10,000 b. 20,000

c. 30,000 d. 40,000

Q3. The decrease in sales from September to October is given by:

a. A + B b. A - B

c. A > B d. A < B

Q4. If Ramakishan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each
variety sold in October.

a. ₹ 100, ₹ 200 and ₹ 120

b. ₹ 100, ₹ 200 and ₹ 130

c. ₹ 100, ₹ 220 and ₹ 120

d. ₹ 110, ₹ 200 and ₹ 120

Q5. If Gurucharan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each
variety sold in September.

a. ₹ 100, ₹ 200, ₹ 120

b. ₹ 1,000, ₹ 600, ₹ 200

c. ₹ 400, ₹ 200, ₹ 120

d. ₹ 1,200, ₹ 200, ₹ 120

Solutions
1. Total sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety can be
represented as A + B.

So, option (a) is correct.

2. The value of A23 in A = 10,000

So, option (a) is correct.

3. The decrease in sales from September to October is given by A – B.

So, option (b) is correct.

∴ Required profit of Ramakishan for each variety sold in October are ₹ 100, ₹ 200 and
₹ 120.

So, option (a) is correct.

∴ Required profit of Gurucharan for each variety sold in September are 1,000, 600
and 200.

So, option (b) is correct.

Case Study 4
To promote the making of toilets for women, an organisation tried to generate
awareness through (i) house calls, (ii) emails and (iii) announcements.

The cost for each model per attempt is given below:

(i) ₹ 50 (ii) ₹ 20 (iii) ₹ 40

The number of attempts made in the villages X, Y and Z are given below:

(i) (ii) (iii)

X 400 300 100

Y 300 250 75

Z 500 400 150

Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given model is:

(i) 2% (ii) 4% (iii) 20%

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. The cost incurred by the organisation on village X is:

a. ₹ 10,000 b. ₹ 15,000

c. ₹ 30,000 d. ₹ 20,000
Q2. The cost incurred by the organisation on village Y is:

a. ₹ 25,000 b. ₹ 18,000

c. ₹ 23,000 d. ₹ 28,000

Q3. The cost incurred by the organisation on village Z is:

a. ₹ 19,000 b. ₹ 39,000

c. ₹ 45,000 d. ₹ 50,000

Q 4. The total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village X,
is:

a. 20 b. 30

c. 40 d. 50

Q5. The total number of toilets that can be expected after the production in village Z,
is:

a. 26 c. 46

b. 36 d. 56

Solutions
1. Let A, B and C be the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y and Z
respectively. Then A, B, C will be given by the following matrix equation:

The cost incurred by the organisation on village X is ₹ 30,000.

So, option (c) is correct.

2. From the above data, the cost incurred by the organisation on village Y is ₹ 23,000.
So, option (c) is correct.

3. From the above data, the cost incurred by the organisation on village Z is ₹ 39,000.

So, option (b) is correct.

4. Total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is given by the following
matrix:

The total number of toilets that can be expected after promotion in village X is 40.

So, option (c) is correct.

5. The total number of toilets that can be expected after the production in village Z is
56.

So, option (d) is correct.

Case Study 5
Assume X, Y, Z, W and P are matrices of order 2 × n, 3 × k, 2 × p, n × 3 and p × k,
respectively.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions: (NCERT EXERCISE)

Q1. The restriction on n, k and p, so that define the order of PY + WY.

Q2. If n = p, then find the order of the matrix 7X - 5Z.

Solutions
1. Given, order of the matrix P = p x k

order of the matrix Y = 3 × k

and order of the matrix W = n x 3

PY is defined when,

Number of columns of matrix P = Number of rows of matrix Y

⇒k=3 ... (1)

Also, WY is defined when,

Number of columns of matrix W = Number of rows of matrix Y

⇒3=3 (True)

Now, PY+WY is defined when both PY and WY have same order.

∴ Order of matrix PY = p x 3

and order of matrix WY = n x k

Here, restriction for PY + WY are p = n and k = 3.

2. Matrix X is of the order 2 x n.

Therefore, matrix 7X is also of the same order.

Matrix Z is of the order 2 x pi.e., 2 x n (Since, n = p)

Therefore, matrix 5Z is also of the same order.

Now, both the matrices 7X and 5Z are of the order 2 x n.

Thus, matrix 7X - 5Z is well-defined and is of order 2 x n.

Case Study 6
Sanjeev, Amit and Nitika were given the task of creating a square matrix of order 3. X,
Y and Z are the matrices created by Sanjeev, Amit and Nitika respectively, which is
given below:

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. If a = 5 and b = -3, then find the value of (bX)T + (az) T.

Q2. Find the value of (XY - YZ).

Q3. If a = -4 and b = -2, then find the value of (a - b) (YZ) T.

Solutions
Case Study 7
If A = [aij] is m x n matrix, then the matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and
columns of A is called the transpose of A.
A square matrix A = [aij] is said to be symmetric, if AT = A for all possible values of i and
j.

A square matrix A = [aij] is said to be skew-symmetric, if AT = -A for all possible values

of i and j.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. Evaluate (ABC)T, by using transpose properties.

Q2. What is the relation between symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices?

Q3. For any square matrix A with real number entries, show that (A + A) T is symmetric
matrix and (A - A) T is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Or

Solutions
Case Study 8
Three car dealers, say A, B and C, deals in three types of cars, namely Hatchback cars,
Sedan cars, SUV cars. The sales figure of 2019 and 2020 showed that dealer A sold
120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 10 SUV cars in 2019 and 300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV
cars in 2020; dealer B sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2019 and 200
Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 6 SUV cars in 2020; dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan, 2
SUV cars in 2019 and 100 Hatchback, 60 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2020.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. Find the matrix summarising sales data of 2019 and 2020.

Q 2. Find the matrix form of the total number of cars sold in two given years, by each
dealer.

Or

Find the matrix form of the increase in sales from 2019 to 2020.

Q3. If each dealer receive profit of ₹ 50,000 on sale of a Hatchback, ₹ 1,00,000 on sale
of a Sedan and ₹ 2,00,000 on sale of a SUV, then find the matrix form of the amount
of profit received in the year 2020 by each dealer.

1. In 2019, dealer A sold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan and 10 SUV; dealer B sold 100
Hatchback, 30 Sedan and 5 SUV and dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan and 2 SUV.
∴ Required matrix, say P, is given by

Solutions
In 2020, dealer A sold 300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV dealer B sold 200
Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 6 SUV and dealer C sold 100 Hatchback, 60 Sedan, 5 SUV.

∴ Required matrix, say Q, is given by

Solutions

2. Total number of cars sold in two given years, by each dealer, is given by

3. The amount of profit in 2020 received by each dealer is given by the matrix
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Case Study 11
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Case Study 13

Case Study 14
Case Study 15
Case Study 16
Case Study 17

Case Study 18
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